Article(id=1322165048978554887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322164984558243894, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.026, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741190400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-06, revisedDate=1763049600000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158312314, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158312314, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158312314, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158312314, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164984558243894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158296955, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158296955, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=170, endPage=176, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322165049188270088, articleId=1322165048978554887, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Application progress of multi-process action control framework in the field of physical activity, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This article reviewed the origins and development of the multi-process action control(M-PAC) framework and its application in the field of physical activity research.It analyzed its role of the framework in promoting the initiation and maintenance of physical activity behaviors. By exploring the core processes of the M-PAC framework and their interrelationships,it aimed to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for promoting the precision and sustainability of physical activity intervention strategies.

, authors=Jiajia ZHU1, 2, Hongcheng JIN1, 2, Weihong JIANG1, Mengyi CHEN1, 2, Jiajia LI1, 2, Jihua ZHU1, authorsList=Jiajia ZHU, Hongcheng JIN, Weihong JIANG, Mengyi CHEN, Jiajia LI, Jihua ZHU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jihua ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHU Jihua, E-mail:
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综述多过程行动控制(multi-process action control,M-PAC)框架的起源、发展及其在身体活动领域研究中的应用,分析该框架在促进身体活动行为启动与维持中的作用。通过探讨M-PAC框架的核心过程及其相互关系,旨在为推动身体活动干预策略的精准化与持续性提供理论依据和实践指导。

, authors=朱佳佳1, 2, 金泓丞1, 2, 蒋伟红1, 陈梦怡1, 2, 李佳佳1, 2, 诸纪华1, *, *, authorsList=朱佳佳, 金泓丞, 蒋伟红, 陈梦怡, 李佳佳, 诸纪华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=诸纪华, authorNote=

朱佳佳,博士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
诸纪华,E-mail:
ZHU Jihua, E-mail:
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volume=12, issue=3, pageStart=357, pageEnd=370, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=45, rfOrder=44, authorNames=VALLERAND J R, RHODES R E, WALKER G J, journalName=Journal of Cancer Survivorship, refType=null, unstructuredReference=VALLERAND J R,RHODES R E,WALKER G J,et al.Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an exercise telephone counseling intervention for hematologic cancer survivors:a phase Ⅱ randomized controlled trial[J].Journal of Cancer Survivorship,2018,12(3):357-370., articleTitle=Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an exercise telephone counseling intervention for hematologic cancer survivors:a phase Ⅱ randomized controlled trial, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529815333286499, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165048978554887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=9, issue=null, pageStart=20552076221150744, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=46, rfOrder=45, authorNames=LATRILLE C, CHAPEL B, HÉRAUD 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framework[J].Internet Interventions,2019,15:35-42., articleTitle=Development of a self-guided web-based intervention to promote physical activity using the multi-process action control framework, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529815593333349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165048978554887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=24, issue=1, pageStart=2605, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=48, rfOrder=47, authorNames=STREIGHT E, BEAUCHAMP M R, SMITH K J, journalName=BMC Public Health, refType=null, unstructuredReference=STREIGHT E,BEAUCHAMP M R,SMITH K J,et al."We are an active family":a randomized trial protocol to evaluate a family-system social identity intervention to promote child physical activity[J].BMC Public Health,2024,24(1):2605., articleTitle="We are an active family":a randomized trial protocol to evaluate a family-system social identity intervention to promote child physical activity, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322529815668830822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165048978554887, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=47, issue=5, pageStart=886, pageEnd=899, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=49, rfOrder=48, authorNames=SUI W Y, HOLLMAN H, MAGEL E, journalName=Journal of Behavioral Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SUI W Y,HOLLMAN H,MAGEL E,et al.Increasing physical activity among adults affected by COVID-19 social distancing restrictions:a feasibility trial of an online intervention[J].Journal of Behavioral Medicine,2024,47(5):886-899., articleTitle=Increasing physical activity among adults affected by COVID-19 social distancing restrictions:a feasibility trial of an online intervention, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322529799919219193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165048978554887, xref=1, 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ArticleFig(id=1322529806302949936, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165048978554887, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mapping of M-PAC framework to behavior change techniques(BCTs)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
M-PAC构念分类与BCTs的映射
反思性过程工具性态度提供健康结局信息;提供凸显严重健康结局的信息;提供该行为对社会和环境影响后果的信息
情感性态度提供情感上的社会支持;提供情绪结果信息;取消令人不快的刺激源;提供物品支持
感知能力提供如何实施目标行为的指导说明;行为示范;社会比较;目标行为练习/演练;任务分级;说服并肯定个人能力
感知机会提供具体的社会支持;重构物质环境;重构社会环境
调节性过程行为监管设定行为目标;解决问题;制定行动计划;形成行为契约;行为执行的自我监督;提供生物指标反馈;提示/线索;自我激励;减少负面情绪;自我对话
反射性过程习惯提示/线索;取消令人不快的刺激源;关联性学习(条件反射);目标行为练习/演练;习惯形成
身份认同社会比较;目标行为练习/演练;不良行为替代;提供物品支持;形成/重构(自我认知);意识到自我行为与理念冲突;价值观的自我认同;与行为改变有关的身份认同
), ArticleFig(id=1322529806395224625, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322165048978554887, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

M-PAC框架与行为改变技术的映射关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
M-PAC构念分类与BCTs的映射
反思性过程工具性态度提供健康结局信息;提供凸显严重健康结局的信息;提供该行为对社会和环境影响后果的信息
情感性态度提供情感上的社会支持;提供情绪结果信息;取消令人不快的刺激源;提供物品支持
感知能力提供如何实施目标行为的指导说明;行为示范;社会比较;目标行为练习/演练;任务分级;说服并肯定个人能力
感知机会提供具体的社会支持;重构物质环境;重构社会环境
调节性过程行为监管设定行为目标;解决问题;制定行动计划;形成行为契约;行为执行的自我监督;提供生物指标反馈;提示/线索;自我激励;减少负面情绪;自我对话
反射性过程习惯提示/线索;取消令人不快的刺激源;关联性学习(条件反射);目标行为练习/演练;习惯形成
身份认同社会比较;目标行为练习/演练;不良行为替代;提供物品支持;形成/重构(自我认知);意识到自我行为与理念冲突;价值观的自我认同;与行为改变有关的身份认同
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多过程行动控制框架在身体活动领域中的应用进展
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朱佳佳 1, 2 , 金泓丞 1, 2 , 蒋伟红 1 , 陈梦怡 1, 2 , 李佳佳 1, 2 , 诸纪华 1, *, *
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(1): 170-176
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (1) : 170 -176
多过程行动控制框架在身体活动领域中的应用进展
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朱佳佳1, 2, 金泓丞1, 2, 蒋伟红1, 陈梦怡1, 2, 李佳佳1, 2, 诸纪华1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院,浙江 310052
  • 2浙江大学医学院
通讯作者:
诸纪华,E-mail:
ZHU Jihua, E-mail:
作者简介:

朱佳佳,博士研究生在读

Application progress of multi-process action control framework in the field of physical activity
Jiajia ZHU1, 2, Hongcheng JIN1, 2, Weihong JIANG1, Mengyi CHEN1, 2, Jiajia LI1, 2, Jihua ZHU1
Affiliations
  • 1Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 310052 China
  • 2Zhejiang University School of Medicine
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHU Jihua, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.026
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综述多过程行动控制(multi-process action control,M-PAC)框架的起源、发展及其在身体活动领域研究中的应用,分析该框架在促进身体活动行为启动与维持中的作用。通过探讨M-PAC框架的核心过程及其相互关系,旨在为推动身体活动干预策略的精准化与持续性提供理论依据和实践指导。

多过程行动控制  /  身体活动  /  行为改变  /  理论模型  /  综述

This article reviewed the origins and development of the multi-process action control(M-PAC) framework and its application in the field of physical activity research.It analyzed its role of the framework in promoting the initiation and maintenance of physical activity behaviors. By exploring the core processes of the M-PAC framework and their interrelationships,it aimed to provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for promoting the precision and sustainability of physical activity intervention strategies.

multi-process action control  /  physical activity  /  behavior change  /  theoretical model  /  review
朱佳佳, 金泓丞, 蒋伟红, 陈梦怡, 李佳佳, 诸纪华. 多过程行动控制框架在身体活动领域中的应用进展. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (1) : 170 -176 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.026
Jiajia ZHU, Hongcheng JIN, Weihong JIANG, Mengyi CHEN, Jiajia LI, Jihua ZHU. Application progress of multi-process action control framework in the field of physical activity[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (1) : 170 -176 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.026
随着现代化进程与生活方式的改变,身体活动不足已成为许多慢性病的主要危险因素。世界卫生组织指出,缺乏足够的身体活动不仅是肥胖、2型糖尿病和心血管疾病等多种非传染性疾病的重要风险因素,而且对心理健康和生活质量也产生了深远的影响[1]。尽管,全球范围内开展了大量旨在促进身体活动的健康干预项目,但研究表明,即使个体有明确的身体活动意图,往往也难以将这些意图转化为实际行为,尤其是在行为的长期维持方面[2]。这一现象揭示了“意图-行为鸿沟”(intention-behavior gap)的问题,反映了健康行为改变过程中的复杂性与挑战。为了克服这一难题,近年来学者提出了多种整合性行为控制模型,试图在不同层面解释和解决身体活动行为的生成与维持机制[3-4]。多过程行动控制(multi-process action control, M-PAC)框架是近年来提出的理论模型,该理论自提出以来,已在身体活动领域的行为研究和干预中获得广泛关注[5-6]。该框架强调健康行为改变不仅仅依赖于个体的意图生成,而是通过反思性、调节性和反射性3个核心过程的交互作用,才能有效促进行为的启动和持续[7]。该框架填补了传统行为理论在解释行为维持和转化机制方面的空白,成为行为科学研究中的重要补充。现综述M-PAC框架的起源、发展,以及在身体活动领域中应用的研究进展与应用价值,并探讨对未来研究的启示,以期为M-PAC框架的应用与推广提供参考。
M-PAC由加拿大维多利亚大学运动科学、体育和健康教育学院Rhodes[5]于2017年正式提出,旨在解释和促进身体活动行为的改变。该框架源自对社会认知理论的进一步发展,特别是对意图与行为之间的关系探讨。早期的行为改变理论,尤其是Ajzen的计划行为理论(Theory of Planned Behavior,TPB)[8]和Bandura的社会认知理论(Social Cognitive Theory,SCT)[9]认为意图是行为的核心决定因素,个体的行为主要由预期结果和自我效能感驱动。然而,研究发现,尽管许多人形成了进行身体活动的意图,但人们未能将意图转化为实际行为,这种“意图-行为鸿沟”也长期困扰着身体活动行为领域[5]。为解决这一问题,Rhodes在TPB和SCT的基础上引入Kuhl[10]提出的行动控制的概念,强调多层次的心理过程在行为改变中的作用,提出了意图与行为不一致的可能机制,包括动机、自我调节和习惯因素[11-12]。相较于传统行为改变理论,M-PAC增加了情感判断、感知机会、行为调节策略和身份认同等变量,更全面地解释了身体活动行为从意图形成到长期维持的动态过程。目前,M-PAC框架在身体活动领域的应用逐渐增多,研究者通过实证研究验证了该框架的有效性,并探讨了其在不同人群和干预形式中的适用性[7]。
M-PAC框架将身体活动行为的改变分为反思性过程(reflective processes)、调节性过程(regulatory processes)和反射性过程(reflexive processes)3个过程。理论模型框架见图1。
反思过程是行为控制的基础阶段,涉及个体对行为结果的理性评估和动机形成,主要包括4个核心构念:1)工具性态度(instrumental attitude),指个体对身体活动长期健康效益的认知评价,例如个体可能认为定期锻炼有助于减轻体重、提升健康。此类态度是意图形成的主要驱动力,但对意图转化为行为的直接影响较弱。2)情感性判断(affective judgment),源自于社会心理学中的情感预期理论[13],指个体对身体活动过程中即时情感体验的预期,如愉悦感或成就感。研究表明,情感性判断与意图形成的相关系数达0.65,且能显著区分意图者中实际行动与未行动的人群[14]。3)感知能力(perceived capability),源自Bandura的自我效能概念[15],但剔除了原概念中动机的混杂[16],聚焦于个体对自身执行身体活动所需技能和体能的客观评估。其在低技能需求活动中的作用较弱,在复杂活动中作用更为显著[17]。4)感知机会(perceived opportunity),整合了计划行为理论与社会生态模型[18],强调个体对环境中时间、资源及社会支持可得性的判断,直接影响意图向行为的转化[19]。Rhodes教授将其分为启动反思性过程(工具性态度和感知能力)和持续反思性过程(情感性判断和感知机会)两类。这些过程通过对个体以往经验的总结、社会比较及信息加工,影响个体的行为意图。但有研究发现,仅约50%的人能将意图成功转化为行为,凸显了后续调节性过程的重要性[14]。
调节过程是行为控制的执行阶段,其核心功能是通过主动策略抵消行为执行中的障碍。根据Rhodes观点,调节性过程的内容可从问题类型和调节策略两个维度解析。问题类型包括:1)战略性挑战(strategic challenges),指的是个体在执行行为目标过程中,面临的需要管理和解决的复杂决策问题,如目标混淆和冲突[20]。例如,混淆健康结果目标与具体行为目标,或面临时间分配矛盾。2)自动化倾向(automatic tendencies),涉及进化形成的能量节约本能和对负面情感的自动回避[21]。例如,高强度运动可能因引发不适感而触发回避反应。以上两种问题类型的调节策略包括:1)前瞻性调节(prospective regulation),指个体在行动之前进行的计划和准备工作,通常包括行为规划、目标设定、时间安排等,这些策略有助于个体提前克服潜在的行为障碍。例如,通过制定健身计划,明确每天锻炼的时间和类型,帮助个体提高实施行为的可能性。2)反应性调节(reactive regulation),指在行为进行过程中,个体对突发情况和情绪反应的调整。例如,当个体在锻炼中感到疲劳或焦虑时,使用情绪调节策略来维持行为的继续进行;通过情绪调节、注意力集中等策略,个体能够应对挑战并持续进行身体活动。
反射性过程是行为自动化与内化的结果,通过两类机制降低认知负荷并提升行为效率。1)习惯(habit),基于Verplanken等[22]的刺激-反应联结理论,是指个体通过反复进行某项行为形成的自动化反应。随着时间的积累,身体活动可能变得更加自动化,从而减少了个体对行动的意识干预。例如,通过规律的锻炼(如每周4次、持续6~8周),身体活动逐渐成为日常生活的一部分,个体不再需要过多的思考和决策[23]。2)身份认同(identity),源于社会认同理论,强调个体如何看待自己与某项行为的关系。在身体活动领域,个体可能会将自己视为“运动爱好者”或“健康达人”,这种身份认同会驱使个体不断参与身体活动,并在行为选择上做出符合这一身份的决策。有Meta分析显示,身份认同与身体活动频率呈中度相关,且能强化意图与行为的关系[24]。随着习惯与身份认同的强化,主动调节需求逐渐降低,行为维持更多依赖自动化机制,形成从“刻意执行”到“自然行动”的转变[25]。
M-PAC框架强调三者的非线性交互。反思性过程驱动调节策略的启动,而调节行为通过反馈增强情感性判断或调整感知机会。反射性过程则通过身份认同反哺调节动机,例如运动身份强化者更倾向于主动规划运动机会[26]。这种动态性在行为采纳与维持阶段表现显著。采纳阶段以调节性过程为主导,需应对外部挑战;维持阶段则更多依赖反射机制,实现行为内化[25]。
M-PAC框架的测量工具开发基于其理论核心构念的整合与标准化,旨在通过多维度评估揭示反思性、调节性与反射性过程在身体活动行为中的作用机制。目前,中文版问卷分为个人身体活动和家长支持儿童身体活动两个版本,均由加拿大维多利亚大学行为医学实验室主导开发。个人身体活动版本围绕M-PAC框架的3个过程设计:反思性过程通过情感态度(如“享受的”“兴奋的”)和价值态度(如“明智的”“有益的”)的7级计分量表评估个体对身体活动的情感预期与实用价值认知,同时通过能力与机会感知的Likert 5级计分量表量化自我效能与环境支持[27-28]。调节性过程则采用Sniehotta等[29]的行为监管量表评估,量表包含目标设定、计划制定及障碍应对策略。反射性过程分别采用Gardner等[30]的简化版自我报告习惯指数(Self-Report Behavioral Automaticity Index,SRBAI)和Anderson等[31]编制的锻炼认同量表(Exercise Identity Scale,EIS)中角色身份维度评估[32]。该量表已通过实证研究验证,Cronbach's α系数为0.78~0.93,表明量表具有良好的内部一致性[33-34]。
针对家长角色,家长支持儿童身体活动版本进一步整合了家庭互动变量。反思性过程通过支持信念的7级计分量表评估家长对支持行为的情感(如“愉快的”)与价值判断(如“有用的”),同时通过能力与机会感知的Likert 5级计分量表量化家长对自身支持能力与环境条件的评估[35]。调节性过程包括记录支持行为、制定家庭活动计划等。反射性过程则通过“我把自己看作是一个对孩子身体活动给予支持的父母”和“支持行为是我自然而然完成的”等条目的5级计分量表测量家长支持行为内化与自动化程度。研究表明,该量表在自闭症儿童家庭及新手父母群体中具有较高的适用性,其效标效度通过儿童活动设备数据得到验证[36-37]。
虽然维多利亚大学运动科学、体育和健康教育学院官网提供了可及的中文版本问卷[38],实现了理论构念的可操作化,为跨群体比较与干预效果评估提供了统一基准,但其现有研究仍是主要基于西方数据的验证,且跨文化调试流程的透明度有限。我国有研究团队于2023年发表的随机对照试验研究方案中计划将其作为干预效果结局指标之一[39],但目前研究结果尚未发表,其心理测量学属性仍未充分验证。这也表明M-PAC框架在国内仍处于初步探索阶段,未来研究需系统验证其信效度,以推动该理论在中国人群中的深化与应用。
M-PAC在身体活动领域的应用研究表明,其通过整合反思性、调节性和反射性过程,能够有效解释不同人群的意图形成、行为执行与维持的机制。Rhodes[5]指出,情感态度与感知能力是影响身体活动意图形成的两个关键因素。反思性过程,如个体对身体活动的情感态度和自我效能的评价,通过影响意图的形成,帮助个体做出身体活动的决策。然而,意图的形成并不直接等同于行为的执行。调节性过程通过目标设定、计划制定以及自我监控等行为调节策略帮助个体将意图落实为具体的行为。Brown等[36]针对自闭症儿童家庭的研究发现,当父母实施有效的行为调节策略,如设置支持子女身体活动的具体目标并定期监控进展时,子女更容易将支持身体活动的意图转化为实际行为(β=0.40)。此外,有研究指出,在青少年过渡阶段,具体的行为计划显著提高了身体活动行为的执行率,突出了调节性过程在意图转化中的关键作用[40]。在身体活动行为的维持阶段,反射性过程起到了至关重要的作用。Tabaczynski等[33]运用M-PAC框架分析癌症幸存者的身体活动行为,发现那些自我认同为“活跃的人”的幸存者比其他人维持身体活动的概率高出27%(P<0.01)。Blicher-Hansen等[41]的质性研究也发现,成功维持身体活动的2型糖尿病病人通常具有较强的身体活动身份认同感,并且设定了易于实现的短期目标,以促进行为的维持。M-PAC框架为理解身体活动行为提供了系统的理论支持,通过反思性、调节性和反射性过程的相互作用,有效解释了不同群体在意图形成、行为执行与维持方面的复杂机制。未来的研究可以进一步探索这些过程在不同文化、年龄和健康状态群体中的应用与验证。
与解释身体活动行为不同,预测身体活动行为更侧重于通过已知的心理因素和个体特征预测哪些人群或个体在未来有更大的可能性参与或维持身体活动。M-PAC框架通过整合反射性、调节性和反射性过程,帮助研究者识别和预测哪些因素会影响个体的身体活动行为。研究表明,M-PAC框架在不同群体中展现出良好的预测效果。Porter等[34]对2 418名大学生的调查研究表明,反射性过程是预测其身体活动行为的重要因素。身份认同(β=0.34)和习惯(β=0.28)能预测自我报告的身体活动行为,并且身份认同对加速器测量的身体活动行为(β=0.22)也具有预测作用。Kwan等[42]的研究同样发现,在青少年群体中反思性过程解释了16.5%的行为变异量,调节性与反射性过程分别进一步增加了5.1%和8.2%的解释力,进一步证明了习惯和身份认同对身体活动行为的重要性;Rhodes等[37]针对新手父母的研究表明,反射性过程和调节性过程是预测意图转化为身体活动的关键因素。该研究中母亲的规划行为在实现身体活动目标方面表现出了显著的预测效应,而父亲则更多依赖于感知机会。M-PAC框架通过识别不同特征群体的不同心理过程预测其身体活动行为,为干预设计提供了更精确的指导。然而,有研究指出,M-PAC框架对自我报告与设备测量数据的预测能力存在差异[43]。自我报告结果可能因身份认同与社会期望的交互作用高估活动量,设备测量虽提高了客观性,却可能遗漏与心理过程相关的意志性活动。未来研究可进一步结合生态瞬时评估与机器学习算法,以更精准地捕捉心理变量与不同活动类型的动态关联。
M-PAC框架已被广泛应用于设计和优化身体活动干预策略,其强调从意图形成到行为维持的全过程管理,通过靶向干预不同阶段的关键心理过程,提升干预的针对性和有效性。Rhodes教授将M-PAC框架与Kwan等[44]提出的行为改变技术分类系统I(behavior change technique taxonomy v1,BCTTv1)进行整合,形成了详细的映射关系,为干预策略的设计提供了理论依据和实践指导,具体见表1。基于M-PAC框架的干预设计围绕意图形成、行为采纳和行为维持3个阶段展开,并通过整合行为改变技术(behavior change techniques,BCTs)实现全流程管理[5]。
在意图形成阶段,干预通过增强工具性态度(如健康益处认知)和感知能力(如自我效能),帮助个体建立明确的身体活动目标。Vallerand等[45]针对血液系统癌症幸存者进行电话咨询干预,通过讨论运动对疲劳缓解和生活质量的改善效果,强化病人的工具性态度,并通过制定个性化运动计划,提升其感知能力。行为采纳阶段则注重行为调节策略与情境支持,促进意图向行为的转化。Latrille等[46]开展的一项阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停病人的移动健康干预结合明确运动时间、地点的行动计划和识别并解决运动障碍的应对措施,并利用移动应用提供实时反馈,增强行为执行力。Zhou等[39]设计的肥胖儿童学校-家庭混合干预则结合学校课程与家庭任务构建多维支持网络,行为维持阶段通过培养反射性过程实现长期行为固化。Liu等[47]基于网页的自我引导干预,通过重复提示和情境线索强化运动习惯。Streight等[48]针对家庭系统的干预措施中则以“活跃家庭”身份认同促进亲子共同活动,实证研究表明,基于M-PAC框架的身体活动干预措施可显著提升身体活动水平并改善心理健康状况,并且接受度良好。Sui等[49]在新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)社交限制下的6周在线干预显示,基于M-PAC框架设计的干预方案中参与者中高强度身体活动(MVPA)趋势性增长,系统可用性评分为84分(满分100分)。尽管基于M-PAC框架的干预策略在不同群体中取得了积极成果,仍面临一定的挑战。技术依赖限制了低资源群体的可及性,长期效果衰减和个性化适配需求仍是干预实施中的主要障碍。因此,未来的干预策略应更加注重技术的适配性、个性化设计和长期效果的维持,以确保干预方案的普适性与持续性。
M-PAC框架通过整合反思性、调节性与反射性过程,为理解和促进身体活动行为提供了系统性且动态化的理论视角。相较于传统行为理论,M-PAC框架的创新性在于突破了“意图-行为鸿沟”的局限,揭示了从意图形成到行为维持的复杂路径,也为制定个性化的干预策略提供了新的思路。然而,现有研究仍存在一定局限性:1)M-PAC框架在跨文化群体与复杂情境中的普适性需进一步验证;2)技术依赖可能限制少资源人群的干预可及性;3)长期效果衰减与个性化适配需求仍是实践中的关键挑战。未来研究可聚焦以下方向:1)结合生态瞬时评估与人工智能技术,动态捕捉心理变量与行为数据的关联;2)开发多模态干预,如结合虚拟现实技术,增强行为内化效果;3)加强理论驱动的BCTs分类与效果机制的研究,以优化干预策略,推动身体活动干预的精准化应用。综上,M-PAC框架为身体活动领域的研究提供了重要的理论工具与实践路径,其动态整合的视角将持续推动该领域的研究创新与成果落地。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.026
  • 接收时间:2025-03-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-06
  • 修回日期:2025-11-14
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    1浙江大学医学院附属儿童医院,浙江 310052
    2浙江大学医学院

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诸纪华,E-mail:
ZHU Jihua, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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