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Article(id=1322630888182100530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322630794611380728, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1767801600000, receivedDateStr=2026-01-08, revisedDate=1786291200000, revisedDateStr=2026-08-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793269377036, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1790265600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793269377036, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793269377036, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793269377036, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322630794611380728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='18', pageStart='3153', pageEnd='3344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1790265600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793269354727, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343080645, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940023645011984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322630794611380728, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940023645011985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322630794611380728, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3240, endPage=3245, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322630888412787251, articleId=1322630888182100530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Chinesization of the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire and its reliability and validity test, columnId=1220689492655129450, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Scale Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To translate the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire into Chinese and to test its reliability and validity among clinical nurses.

Methods

The Ease of Imagery Questionnaire was translated according to the Brislin translation model.Cross-cultural adaptation and a preliminary survey were conducted to form the Chinese version of the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire.From January to April 2025,a convenience sampling method was used to select 500 clinical nurses from a tertiary grade A hospital in Jiangxi province as research subjects to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire.

Results

The Chinese version of the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire consisted of 16 items.The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.700 to 1.000.The average scale-level content validity index was 0.931.Exploratory factor analysis extracted two common factors,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 63.201%.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit well.The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.921.The split-half reliability was 0.919.The test-retest reliability was 0.830.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire has good reliability and validity among clinical nurses.The scale could be used as an assessment tool to evaluate the level of ease of imagery among clinical nurses.

, authors=Yuling YANG1, Yaoyao ZHU1, Xi HUANG1, Hui WANG2, Hong ZENG1, authorsList=Yuling YANG, Yaoyao ZHU, Xi HUANG, Hui WANG, Hong ZENG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hong ZENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322630888752525876, articleId=1322630888182100530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=心理意象易感性量表的汉化及信效度检验, columnId=1220689492902593405, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=量表研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

对心理意象易感性量表进行汉化，并检验其在临床护士群体中的信效度。

方法

依据Brislin翻译模型对心理意象易感性量表进行翻译，并对其进行跨文化调适和预调查，形成中文版心理意象易感性量表。于2025年1月—4月采用便利抽样法选取江西省某三级甲等医院的500名临床护士为研究对象，检验中文版心理意象易感性量表的信效度。

结果

中文版心理意象易感性量表共16个条目，量表条目水平内容效度指数为0.700~1.000，平均量表水平的内容效度指数为0.931。探索性因子分析提取2个公因子，累计方差贡献率为63.201%。验证性因子分析显示模型拟合良好。量表总体的Cronbach's α系数为0.921，折半信度为0.919，重测信度为0.830。

结论

中文版心理意象易感性量表在临床护士中具有较好的信度与效度，可作为评估临床护士心理意象易感性水平的测评工具。

, authors=杨玉玲1, 朱侥侥1, 黄茜1, 汪慧2, 曾洪1, *, *, authorsList=杨玉玲, 朱侥侥, 黄茜, 汪慧, 曾洪, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=曾洪, authorNote=

杨玉玲，主管护师，本科

, correspAuthorsNote=
曾洪，E-mail:
ZENG Hong, E-mail:
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Factor loadings and communalities of the Chinese version of the EIQ

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目因子载荷共同度
积极/掌控意象消极意象
1）当事情进展不顺利时选择放弃0.8550.765
6）当一项任务变得困难时选择放弃0.8520.761
7）在糟糕的一天中所体验到的负面情绪0.8270.699
5）从事有趣活动时所体验到的感受0.8140.707
9）参与令人愉快的活动时所产生的兴奋感0.8070.675
8）在困难情境中仍然保持自信0.7880.648
4）从事一项不令人愉快的活动时所产生的不安感0.7640.586
3）当一项任务变得困难时仍然坚持继续0.7560.623
2）当你在做自己喜欢的事情时所感受到的积极情绪0.7150.579
11）当从事自己不喜欢的事情时所感受到的负面情绪0.7950.671
10）在面对逆境时选择放弃0.7630.608
12）当事情变得困难时仍然保持动力0.7480.581
15）当发生负面事件时所体验到的情绪0.7410.590
13）在美好的一天中所体验到的积极情绪0.6990.517
16）在逆境中坚持不懈0.6990.553
14）因一次挫折而被击败的感觉0.6710.549
), ArticleFig(id=1322630893030716002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630888182100530, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中文版EIQ的因子载荷及共同度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目因子载荷共同度
积极/掌控意象消极意象
1）当事情进展不顺利时选择放弃0.8550.765
6）当一项任务变得困难时选择放弃0.8520.761
7）在糟糕的一天中所体验到的负面情绪0.8270.699
5）从事有趣活动时所体验到的感受0.8140.707
9）参与令人愉快的活动时所产生的兴奋感0.8070.675
8）在困难情境中仍然保持自信0.7880.648
4）从事一项不令人愉快的活动时所产生的不安感0.7640.586
3）当一项任务变得困难时仍然坚持继续0.7560.623
2）当你在做自己喜欢的事情时所感受到的积极情绪0.7150.579
11）当从事自己不喜欢的事情时所感受到的负面情绪0.7950.671
10）在面对逆境时选择放弃0.7630.608
12）当事情变得困难时仍然保持动力0.7480.581
15）当发生负面事件时所体验到的情绪0.7410.590
13）在美好的一天中所体验到的积极情绪0.6990.517
16）在逆境中坚持不懈0.6990.553
14）因一次挫折而被击败的感觉0.6710.549
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心理意象易感性量表的汉化及信效度检验
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杨玉玲 1 , 朱侥侥 1 , 黄茜 1 , 汪慧 2 , 曾洪 1, *, *
护理研究 | 量表研究 2026,40(18): 3240-3245
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护理研究 |量表研究 2026 , 40 (18) : 3240 -3245
心理意象易感性量表的汉化及信效度检验
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杨玉玲1, 朱侥侥1, 黄茜1, 汪慧2, 曾洪1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1南昌大学第一附属医院，江西 330006
  • 2南昌大学护理学院
通讯作者:
曾洪，E-mail:
ZENG Hong, E-mail:
作者简介:

杨玉玲，主管护师，本科

Chinesization of the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire and its reliability and validity test
Yuling YANG1, Yaoyao ZHU1, Xi HUANG1, Hui WANG2, Hong ZENG1
Affiliations
  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Jiangxi 330006 China
  • 2School of Nursing, Nanchang University
出版时间: 2026-09-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.013
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摘要
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目的

对心理意象易感性量表进行汉化，并检验其在临床护士群体中的信效度。

方法

依据Brislin翻译模型对心理意象易感性量表进行翻译，并对其进行跨文化调适和预调查，形成中文版心理意象易感性量表。于2025年1月—4月采用便利抽样法选取江西省某三级甲等医院的500名临床护士为研究对象，检验中文版心理意象易感性量表的信效度。

结果

中文版心理意象易感性量表共16个条目，量表条目水平内容效度指数为0.700~1.000，平均量表水平的内容效度指数为0.931。探索性因子分析提取2个公因子，累计方差贡献率为63.201%。验证性因子分析显示模型拟合良好。量表总体的Cronbach's α系数为0.921，折半信度为0.919，重测信度为0.830。

结论

中文版心理意象易感性量表在临床护士中具有较好的信度与效度，可作为评估临床护士心理意象易感性水平的测评工具。

心理意象  /  易感性  /  护士  /  量表汉化  /  信度  /  效度
Objective

To translate the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire into Chinese and to test its reliability and validity among clinical nurses.

Methods

The Ease of Imagery Questionnaire was translated according to the Brislin translation model.Cross-cultural adaptation and a preliminary survey were conducted to form the Chinese version of the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire.From January to April 2025,a convenience sampling method was used to select 500 clinical nurses from a tertiary grade A hospital in Jiangxi province as research subjects to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire.

Results

The Chinese version of the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire consisted of 16 items.The item-level content validity index ranged from 0.700 to 1.000.The average scale-level content validity index was 0.931.Exploratory factor analysis extracted two common factors,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 63.201%.Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit well.The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.921.The split-half reliability was 0.919.The test-retest reliability was 0.830.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire has good reliability and validity among clinical nurses.The scale could be used as an assessment tool to evaluate the level of ease of imagery among clinical nurses.

mental imagery  /  susceptibility  /  nurses  /  Chinesization of scales  /  reliability  /  validity
杨玉玲, 朱侥侥, 黄茜, 汪慧, 曾洪. 心理意象易感性量表的汉化及信效度检验. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (18) : 3240 -3245 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.013
Yuling YANG, Yaoyao ZHU, Xi HUANG, Hui WANG, Hong ZENG. Chinesization of the Ease of Imagery Questionnaire and its reliability and validity test[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (18) : 3240 -3245 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.013
正文
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心理意象易感性是指个体在无外部真实刺激的情况下，对外界线索或内部想法能够较易产生清晰、生动且可控的心理意象体验倾向，是个体在认知加工与情绪反应中重要的心理特质之一[1]。心理意象广泛参与注意、记忆、情绪调节与行为决策等过程，高水平的心理意象易感性既可促进个体的积极情绪调节与情境预演，又可放大焦虑、创伤反应等负性体验的威胁性表征，从而影响心理健康结局[2-3]。临床护理工作节奏快、任务强度大，护士长期处于高负荷与高风险的工作情境中，常需面对抢救处置、病情变化、死亡事件、医患沟通及轮班等多重压力源[4]。在高压工作环境下，护士对情境的主观表征方式会影响其压力反应与应对策略，而心理意象相关的认知加工可能与个体的压力感知、情绪反应强度及恢复速度密切相关，良好的意象加工能力可在一定程度上促进情绪调节与心理复原，消极的意象反复侵入则可能加重紧张、焦虑与睡眠问题，进而影响工作状态与护理质量[5-6]。因此，准确评估护士的心理意象易感性水平，对于识别心理风险人群、开展针对性的心理支持与干预、促进护士心理健康与职业适应具有重要意义。目前，我国关于心理意象易感性的研究相对有限，且在护士群体中的相关研究不足，可能与缺少适用于我国文化背景的特异性测量工具有关。心理意象易感性量表（Ease of Imagery Questionnaire，EIQ）是一种用于评估个体心理意象易感性水平的自评工具，能够从多个角度反映个体心理意象产生的容易程度与体验特征。本研究拟引进并汉化EIQ，检验其在我国临床护士中的信度与效度，以期为我国临床护士心理意象易感性评估及相关研究提供科学、可靠的测评工具。
1　研究方法
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1.1　量表介绍
EIQ由Williams等[7]编制，用于评估个体在日常生活情境中形成心理意象的容易程度，包括消极掌控意象（negative mastery）、积极情绪意象（positive affect）、掌控/坚持意象（mastery imagery）、消极情绪意象（negative affect）4个维度，共16个条目，其中，消极掌控意象为个体在面对困难或挫折时产生放弃或被击败情境的心理意象，积极情绪意象为个体对愉快活动及积极情绪体验的心理意象，掌控/坚持意象为个体在困难情境中坚持、保持自信及动力的心理意象，消极情绪意象为个体对不愉快经历及消极情绪体验的心理意象。量表采用Likert 7级评分法评分，从“非常难以想象”至“非常容易想象”依次计1~7分，得分越高表示个体对相应情境或感受进行心理意象的容易程度越高。EIQ条目简洁、施测便捷、适用人群广，在国外研究中已得到一定应用并显示出良好的信效度[8-10]。
1.2　量表汉化
1.2.1　量表翻译
通过电子邮件与量表原作者取得联系并得到汉化授权，按照Brislin 翻译模型[11]对原量表进行翻译。1）正译：由2名具备良好英语能力的研究人员分别对原量表进行翻译形成中文版初稿T1、T2，其中1名研究人员具有护理学或相关专业背景，熟悉心理测量原理，另1名研究人员具有较强的语言翻译能力。研究小组对T1和T2 进行逐条对照和讨论，在充分理解原量表条目内涵的基础上，对不一致之处进行协商和修订，重点关注条目语义与原量表的一致性及语言表达的通俗性，形成中文版初稿T3。2）回译：邀请2名未接触过原量表的双语人员对中文版初稿T3进行回译，形成英文版回译稿BT1、BT2。3）整合：研究小组将英文版回译稿与原量表进行逐条比对，对存在语义差异或歧义的条目进行反复讨论和修订，据此进一步完善中文版量表以保证中文版量表能够准确反映原量表测量的心理意象构念。
1.2.2　跨文化调适
邀请10名具有相关专业背景的专家组成专家小组，对量表进行内容效度评价。专家纳入标准：1）具有心理学、护理学或相关领域研究或实践经验；2）熟悉量表编制及心理测量学方法；3）具有中级及以上专业技术职称或硕士研究生及以上学历。专家采用Likert 4级评分法对量表各条目的相关性进行评价，“无相关”计1分，“相关性较低”计2分，“较相关”计3分，“高度相关”计4分。同时，专家对条目的语言表达、文化适配性及理解难度提出修改建议。结合专家修改建议，在不改变原有概念内涵的前提下对量表条目进行语言调整，使其更符合我国文化背景和语言表达习惯，形成中文版EIQ预调查稿。
1.2.3　预调查
采用便利抽样法，选取江西省某三级甲等医院的30名临床护士进行预调查。纳入标准：1）取得护士执业资格并从事临床护理工作≥1年；2）在岗工作且能够独立完成问卷填写；3）知情同意，自愿参与本研究。排除标准：1）研究期间处于休假（病假、产假等）或外出进修阶段；2）存在严重的躯体疾病或精神、神经系统疾病，影响调查；3）近1个月发生重大应激事件导致情绪明显波动。预调查开始前，研究人员向临床护士说明研究目的及问卷填写要求，临床护士独立完成问卷填写。填写结束后，研究人员通过现场询问的方式了解临床护士对量表各条目表述的理解情况，重点关注条目是否存在理解困难、歧义或表述不清等问题，同时记录问卷完成时间。基于预测试结果，形成中文版 EIQ。
1.3　正式调查
1.3.1　研究对象
于2025年1月—4月采用便利抽样法选取江西省某三级甲等医院的临床护士为研究对象。纳入及排除标准同预调查。根据量表研究方法学要求，探索性因子分析（exploratory factor analysis，EFA）样本量一般为量表条目数的10~20倍[12]，验证性因子分析（confirmatory factor analysis，CFA）样本量通常建议≥200人[13]。中文版EIQ共16个条目，按照条目数的10~20倍估算，EFA所需样本量为160~320例；考虑EFA与CFA采用独立样本进行分析，并结合CFA样本量要求及可能出现的无效问卷，本研究最终纳入500名临床护士。本研究已经通过南昌大学第一附属医院伦理委员会审批（伦理号：IIT〔2026〕临伦审第266号）。
1.3.2　资料收集方法
基于问卷星平台采用电子问卷形式进行调查。调查前研究人员对调查流程和注意事项进行统一说明，明确告知临床护士自愿参与、匿名填写，研究数据仅用于科研分析。临床护士知情同意后通过手机或电脑端自行填写问卷。为保证数据质量，每个IP地址仅限填写1次，问卷设置为所有条目必答，避免漏填情况发生。调查结束后对回收问卷进行检查，剔除作答时间明显过短、答案具有明显规律性或逻辑不合理的问卷。共发放问卷520份，剔除无效问卷20份，回收有效问卷500份，问卷有效回收率为96.15%。基于500份问卷进行条目分析及信度分析。将问卷随机分为两部分，样本1为250份问卷，用于探索性因子分析；样本2为250份问卷，用于验证性因子分析。
1.4　统计学方法
采用SPSS 26.0统计软件对数据进行分析。符合正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差（x±s）表示，定性资料以频数及百分比（%）表示。项目分析采用临界比值法、题总相关法和Cronbach's α系数法。内容效度采用条目水平内容效度指数（item-level content validity index，I-CVI）和平均量表水平的内容效度指数（average scale-level content validity index，S-CVI/Ave）进行评价。结构效度采用探索性因子分析和验证性因子分析进行评价。信度采用内部一致性信度、折半信度、重测信度进行评价。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
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2.1　跨文化调适
专家评价结果显示，中文版初稿T3各条目与原量表所测概念总体一致，具有较好的语义等值性和文化适宜性。专家意见主要集中于条目的语言表达、语义准确性及可理解性，认为个别条目存在直译痕迹或有表述不够符合中文语言习惯的问题。研究小组结合专家意见和原量表英文表述，在不改变条目核心概念及测量内涵的前提下，对相关条目措辞和句式进行调整，使其表达更加准确、通顺且易于理解。经专家讨论及研究小组综合评议，原量表16个条目均予以保留，未增加或删除条目，形成中文版EIQ预调查稿。
2.2　预调查
临床护士对量表各条目理解良好，未发现明显理解障碍或文化不适配问题，未对条目内容作进一步修改。问卷填写过程顺畅，完成时间较短，为（4.12±0.63）min，说明量表具有良好的可理解性和可操作性。
2.3　临床护士一般资料
500名临床护士中，女442人，男58人；年龄≤25岁98人，>25~30岁187人，>30~40岁185人，>40岁30人；最高学历为专科或以下51人，本科389人，硕士研究生及以上60人；护士或护师293人，主管护师192人，副主任护师及以上15人；夜班护士489人，非夜班护士11人。
2.4　项目分析
1）临界比值法：根据量表总分由高到低排序，取前27%为高分组，后27%为低分组，比较两组各条目得分差异，计算临界比值（critical ratio，CR），结果显示，临界比值为13.806~23.213（均P<0.001）。表明各条目具有良好的区分度。2）题总相关法：计算各条目得分与总分（去除该条目后）的相关系数，结果显示，相关系数为0.507~0.735，均高于0.40的推荐标准。3）Cronbach's α系数法：计算删除某一条目后量表总体Cronbach's α系数是否增高，结果显示，逐一删除条目后量表总体的Cronbach's α系数为0.914~0.920，未高于量表总体的Cronbach's α系数（0.921），提示各条目对量表整体具有良好贡献。最终无条目被删除。
2.5　效度检验
2.5.1　内容效度
根据专家评分计算，结果显示，S-CVI/Ave为0.931，除1个条目I-CVI为0.700外其余条目I-CVI为0.900~1.000，提示量表具有较好的内容效度。
2.5.2　结构效度
2.5.2.1　探索性因子分析
进行Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin（KMO）取样适切性检验，结果显示，KMO值为0.937，进行Bartlett's球形检验，结果显示χ2=5 107.785，P<0.001，表明数据适合进行因子分析。采用主成分分析法提取公因子，以特征值大于1为因子提取标准，并进行Varimax正交旋转，结果共提取2个公因子，分别命名为“积极/掌控意象”“消极意象”，特征值分别为7.553和2.559，累计方差贡献率为63.201%。旋转后因子载荷矩阵显示，各条目在所属因子上的载荷均>0.40，且无明显跨因子载荷。各条目的共同度为0.517~0.765，提示各条目对相应因子具有良好代表性。见表1。
2.5.2.2　验证性因子分析
构建二因子模型，计算拟合指标，包括卡方自由度比（χ2/ν），比较拟合优度指数（CFI）、Tucker-Lewis指数（TLI）、近似误差均方根（RMSEA），标准化残差均方根（SRMR）。结果显示，χ2/ν＝2.8，CFI=0.94，TLI=0.93，RMSEA=0.058，SRMR=0.046，均达到心理测量学推荐标准，提示二因子模型拟合良好。进一步计算量表各因子的聚合效度（average variance extracted，AVE）和组合信度（composite reliability，CR），结果显示，各条目在所属潜变量上的标准化因子载荷为0.69~0.88（均P<0.001），积极/掌控意象维度和消极意象维度AVE分别为0.66和0.52，CR分别为0.95和0.88。
2.6　信度检验
1）内部一致性信度：量表总体的Cronbach's α系数为0.921，积极/掌控意象维度和消极意象维度的Cronbach's α系数分别为0.938和0.877，提示量表具有较高的内部一致性。2）折半信度：采用奇偶分半法计算量表的折半信度，计算得折半信度为0.919。3）重测信度：从接受调查的500名临床护士中选取40名临床护士于2周后再次填写问卷，结果显示，两次测量总分的Pearson相关系数为0.830（P<0.001）。
3　讨论
收起
3.1　中文版EIQ形成的意义
心理意象是个体在缺乏直接外界刺激的情况下，在头脑中形成感知性表象的心理过程，在情绪体验、压力应对及行为调节中发挥重要作用[14]。相关研究表明，心理意象的易感性不仅会影响个体情绪反应强度，还与坚持或回避行为、心理适应水平密切相关[15-18]。随着护理学对心理因素关注的不断加深，心理意象已逐渐成为理解临床护士心理反应与行为模式的重要心理变量。与一般人群相比，临床护士长期处于高强度、高压力的工作环境中，需频繁面对复杂病情和突发事件、承受高情绪负荷，同时还需始终践行“以病人为中心”和“生命至上”的护理理念，对心理调节能力和情绪管理水平提出了更高要求。已有研究显示，临床护士在高压力工作情境下更易出现焦虑、情绪耗竭及职业倦怠等问题，其心理调节能力直接影响护理质量与职业稳定性[19]。个体在面对负性情境或困难任务时，心理意象易感性较低者更容易形成消极情绪体验和回避行为，而心理意象易感性较高者则更有利于维持积极情绪和坚持行为[16,20-22]。提示心理意象易感性在临床护士心理健康评估与干预中具有重要价值。若缺乏科学、可靠的测评工具，将限制相关研究的深入开展，也不利于护理管理者及时识别临床护士的心理调节特点并制定针对性的支持措施。因此，科学评估临床护士心理意象易感性水平具有现实意义和紧迫性。本研究对EIQ进行汉化，并系统检验其在临床护士中的信效度，有利于为准确评估临床护士心理意象易感性水平提供适用工具，同时也为护理心理健康研究及相关干预措施的制定提供有效参考。
3.2　中文版EIQ形成过程具有科学性
本研究严格遵循量表跨文化引进的规范流程对EIQ进行汉化与验证。信度分析结果显示，中文版EIQ 的总体Cronbach's α 系数为0.921，折半信度为 0.919，重测信度为0.830，均高于心理测量学推荐标准，提示量表具有良好的内部一致性和时间稳定性。各维度Cronbach's α系数均>0.80，表明量表具有较高的可靠性，适用于临床护士的心理意象易感性评估。内容效度方面，专家函询结果显示，S-CVI/Ave为0.931，除1个条目I-CVI为0.700外，其余条目I-CVI为0.900~1.000，提示量表内容效度总体良好。1个条目I-CVI为0.700，对此专家主要在语言表达层面提出建议，经研究小组讨论后认为其核心概念与原量表一致，且预调查中未发现理解困难或文化不适配问题，故在不改变原有理论内涵的前提下予以保留。结构效度分析结果显示，中文版EIQ的KMO值为0.937，Bartlett's球形检验结果有统计学意义（P<0.001），数据适合进行因子分析。探索性因子分析提取2个公因子，累计方差贡献率为63.201%，各条目在所属因子上的载荷均>0.40，且未出现明显跨因子载荷，提示量表结构清晰、条目代表性良好。尽管探索性因子分析在本研究的临床护士中提取出2个公因子，但结合原量表的理论构建基础及条目内容分析认为，该结构更可能反映原量表4个维度在特定职业群体中的高阶聚合形式。原量表中的消极掌控意象与消极情绪意象均涉及个体在负性情境下的情绪体验与应对反应，而积极情绪意象与掌控/坚持意象则共同反映个体在积极或挑战性情境中的情绪体验与坚持行为。在高强度、高压力的护理工作情境中，上述心理意象体验在认知加工过程中可能呈现出较高的整合性，从而在统计分析中表现为因子合并。类似的高阶因子结构在跨文化或特定职业群体量表研究[23-25]中也有报道。验证性因子分析结果进一步支持该结构的合理性，模型拟合指标达到推荐标准。此外，项目分析结果显示，各条目的临界比值均有统计学意义，题总相关系数均>0.40，删除任一条目后量表Cronbach's α系数未见提高，提示各条目均具有良好的区分度和贡献度。总之，中文版EIQ的汉化过程规范严谨，信度和效度指标均符合心理测量学要求，其结构特点与临床护士的职业情境和心理加工特征具有较好的契合性，可作为评估我国临床护士心理意象易感性水平的可靠工具。
3.3　中文版EIQ具有适用性
中文版EIQ保留了原量表的全部条目，每个条目均采用Likert 7级评分法评分，提示量表条目数量适中，评分方式清晰，测评过程流畅。该评分方法能够较好地反映临床护士在心理意象易感性水平上的差异，有利于提高测量敏感性和区分度[26]。在预测试过程中，临床护士普遍反馈量表条目表述简明、贴近实际体验，易于理解，未出现明显的歧义或理解困难，表明中文版EIQ具有较高的文化契合度和语义可接受性。此外，参与预调查的临床护士填写量表耗时为（4.12±0.63）min，说明该量表在实际应用中具有较高的效率和便捷性，适用于临床环境下的大规模调查或快速心理评估[27]。总之，中文版EIQ在保持原量表理论内涵基础上，兼顾测评效率与操作便利性，具有良好的实用性和可操作性，可作为今后评估临床护士心理意象易感性水平的有效工具，为护理心理健康相关研究及实践提供支持。
4　小结
收起
本研究基于评估临床护士心理意象易感性水平的现实需要，通过规范的量表翻译、跨文化调适及预调查过程，成功汉化EIQ。研究结果表明，中文版EIQ在保留原量表理论框架基础上，在临床护士中呈现出稳定的高阶结构，信度和效度均达到心理测量学要求。其兼具科学性与实用性，可作为评估我国临床护士心理意象易感性水平的有效工具。中文版EIQ的应用有利于从心理意象视角深入理解临床护士在情绪体验、压力应对及行为调节中的心理特点，为护理心理健康研究及相关干预措施的制定提供方法学支持。但本研究仍存在一定局限性，研究对象来源相对集中，样本代表性可能受到限制，且仅在临床护士中进行测评，研究结果尚不能推广至护理专业学生或其他医务人员。未来研究可进一步扩大样本来源范围，在不同地区、不同层级医疗机构及其他护理相关人群中开展验证研究，并结合纵向研究或干预研究，进一步检验中文版EIQ的稳定性和应用价值。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.013
  • 接收时间：2026-01-08
  • 首发时间：2026-10-29
  • 出版时间：2026-09-25
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  • 收稿日期：2026-01-08
  • 修回日期：2026-08-10
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    1南昌大学第一附属医院，江西 330006
    2南昌大学护理学院

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