Article(id=1322630795437650769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322630794611380728, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1777392000000, receivedDateStr=2026-04-29, revisedDate=1786982400000, revisedDateStr=2026-08-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793269354923, onlineDateStr=2026-10-29, pubDate=1790265600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793269354923, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-29, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793269354923, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793269354923, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322630794611380728, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='18', pageStart='3153', pageEnd='3344', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1790265600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793269354727, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343080645, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940023645011984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322630794611380728, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940023645011985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322630794611380728, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3153, endPage=3161, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322630797224424275, articleId=1322630795437650769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Empirical study of the family nurses dietary therapy theory in overweight and obese infertile women, columnId=1322630797144732498, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Chronic Disease Dietary Therapy, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the application effectiveness of a food therapy regimen based on the family nurses dietary therapy theory in overweight and obese infertile women.

Methods

A total of 70 overweight and obese infertile women were selected as study subjects from the reproductive medicine clinic of a tertiary grade A hospital and a resident community in Taiyuan city,Shanxi province from June to July 2025.Following randomization and allocation concealment principles,the infertile women were divided into an intervention group(35 cases) and a control group(35 cases).The control group received health education combined with conventional dietary care,while the intervention group received health education combined with the family nurse food therapy regimen.Anthropometric indicators,dietary behaviors,and nutrient intake of the infertile women were investigated.

Results

After 6 weeks of intervention,the pregnancy rate in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group.Body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),visceral fat area(VFA),body fat mass(BFM),fasting blood glucose(GLU),fasting insulin(FINS),homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),C-reactive protein(CRP),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),homocysteine(Hcy),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),serum urea(UREA),serum creatinine(CREA),and serum uric acid(UA) in the intervention group were superior to those before the intervention.The degree of change in body weight,BMI,VFA,BFM,FINS,HOMA-IR,LDL-C,TG,CRP,hs-CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,SOD,and Hcy were greater in the intervention group than in the control group.Body weight in the intervention group at 3 months after intervention was lower than that at 6 weeks after intervention.The degree of reduction was greater than that in the control group.Total dietary energy,protein,fat,carbohydrate,and dietary fiber intakes in the intervention group were superior than those before the intervention.All these differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).

Conclusions

The family nurses dietary therapy regimen was beneficial for improving glycolipid metabolism disorders and pregnancy outcomes,alleviating chronic inflammatory responses,modulating the oxidative stress balance,and simultaneously optimizing liver and kidney function in overweight and obese infertile women,thereby establishing a favorable physiological foundation for conception.

, authors=Chenjing MA1, Shifan HAN2, 3, 4, 5, Yiwen ZHAO6, Junxiang CHENG2, Xuan LING1, Qia LIU1, Xinyu LI1, Jun ZHANG1, Huan ZHANG7, authorsList=Chenjing MA, Shifan HAN, Yiwen ZHAO, Junxiang CHENG, Xuan LING, Qia LIU, Xinyu LI, Jun ZHANG, Huan ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Shifan HAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322630797702574933, articleId=1322630795437650769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=家庭护士食疗理论在超重和肥胖不孕症女性中的实证研究, columnId=1322630797320893268, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=慢病食疗专题, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨基于家庭护士食疗理论的食疗方案在超重和肥胖不孕症女性中的应用效果。

方法

于2025年6月—7月,选取在山西省太原市某三级甲等医院生殖门诊及某居民社区就诊的70例超重和肥胖不孕症女性为研究对象。根据随机化和分配隐藏原则将不孕症女性分为干预组(35例)和对照组(35例)。对照组采用健康宣教联合常规饮食护理模式,干预组采用健康宣教联合家庭护士食疗方案,调查不孕症女性的受孕情况、人体测量学指标、生化指标、营养摄入情况。

结果

干预组干预6周后受孕人数多于对照组。干预组干预6周后体重、体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、内脏脂肪面积(VFA)、体脂量(BFM)、空腹血糖(GLU)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血清尿素(UREA)、血清肌酐(CREA)、血清尿酸(UA)优于干预前,体重、BMI、VFA、BFM、FINS、HOMA-IR、LDL-C、TG、CRP、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、SOD、Hcy变化程度优于对照组,干预组干预后3个月体重低于干预6周后且下降程度大于对照组,干预组饮食总能量、蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、膳食纤维摄入量优于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论

家庭护士食疗方案有利于改善超重和肥胖不孕症女性糖脂代谢紊乱及受孕情况,减轻慢性炎症反应,调节氧化应激平衡,同时优化肝肾功能,为病人受孕构建了良好的生理基础。

, authors=马辰婧1, 韩世范2, 3, 4, 5, *, *, 赵奕雯6, 程俊香2, 凌璇1, 刘洽1, 李馨煜1, 张珺1, 张欢7, authorsList=马辰婧, 韩世范, 赵奕雯, 程俊香, 凌璇, 刘洽, 李馨煜, 张珺, 张欢, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=韩世范, authorNote=

马辰婧,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
韩世范,E-mail:
HAN Shifan, E-mail:
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unstructuredReference=Hall K D,Sacks G,Chandramohan D,et al.Quantification of the effect of energy imbalance on bodyweight[J].The Lancet,2011,378(9793):826-837., articleTitle=Quantification of the effect of energy imbalance on bodyweight, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322630797937455958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322630797945844567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, companyId=1322630797937455958, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322630797958427480, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, companyId=1322630797937455958, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, 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journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of general information between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类干预组(n=35)对照组(n=35)统计值P
年龄(岁)29.80±3.4828.31±3.16t=1.8700.066
疾病病程[例(%)]1~2年19(54.3)19(54.3)χ2=0.125
>2~3年9(25.7)8(22.9)0.939
>3年7(20.0)8(22.9)
受教育程度[例(%)]小学及以下7(20.0)7(20.0)χ2=1.5470.672
初中9(25.7)5(14.3)
高中或中专12(34.3)14(40.0)
专科及以上7(20.0)9(25.7)
饮食情况[例(%)]荤素搭配21(60.0)23(65.7)
荤食为主6(17.1)7(20.0)χ2=0.8600.650
素食为主8(22.9)5(14.3)
日常活动量[例(%)]轻度25(71.4)26(74.3)χ2=0.0720.788
中度10(28.6)9(25.7)
饮酒情况[例(%)]有5(14.3)6(17.1)χ2=0.1080.743
无30(85.7)29(82.9)
用药情况[例(%)]有7(20.0)11(31.4)χ2=1.1970.274
无28(80.0)24(68.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1322630803490714538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组一般资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类干预组(n=35)对照组(n=35)统计值P
年龄(岁)29.80±3.4828.31±3.16t=1.8700.066
疾病病程[例(%)]1~2年19(54.3)19(54.3)χ2=0.125
>2~3年9(25.7)8(22.9)0.939
>3年7(20.0)8(22.9)
受教育程度[例(%)]小学及以下7(20.0)7(20.0)χ2=1.5470.672
初中9(25.7)5(14.3)
高中或中专12(34.3)14(40.0)
专科及以上7(20.0)9(25.7)
饮食情况[例(%)]荤素搭配21(60.0)23(65.7)
荤食为主6(17.1)7(20.0)χ2=0.8600.650
素食为主8(22.9)5(14.3)
日常活动量[例(%)]轻度25(71.4)26(74.3)χ2=0.0720.788
中度10(28.6)9(25.7)
饮酒情况[例(%)]有5(14.3)6(17.1)χ2=0.1080.743
无30(85.7)29(82.9)
用药情况[例(%)]有7(20.0)11(31.4)χ2=1.1970.274
无28(80.0)24(68.6)
), ArticleFig(id=1322630803570406315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of pregnancy between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数受孕
对照组350(0.0)
干预组355(14.3)
), ArticleFig(id=1322630803633320876, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组受孕情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数受孕
对照组350(0.0)
干预组355(14.3)
), ArticleFig(id=1322630803704624045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of anthropometric indicators between the two groups before and after intervention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后差值统计值P
体重(kg)对照组3574.97±4.5774.17±4.60-1.10(-1.80,-0.40)Z=-2.9420.003
干预组3576.47±6.2770.66±6.28-5.60(-6.40,-4.80)Z=-5.161<0.001
统计值t=-1.146t=2.671Z=-7.196
P0.2560.010<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)对照组3529.03±2.3128.72±2.29-0.44(-0.67,-0.15)Z=-2.9730.003
干预组3528.20(26.80,29.20)26.22±2.08-2.18±0.55t=23.168<0.001
统计值Z=-1.839t=4.500Z=-7.201
P0.066<0.001<0.001
WHR对照组350.94±0.040.96±0.040.02(0.00,0.03)Z=-3.365<0.001
干预组350.93±0.060.91±0.07-0.02(-0.03,-0.01)Z=-4.505<0.001
统计值t=0.697t=3.773Z=-0.893
P0.488<0.0010.372
VFA(cm2)对照组3594.03±6.0093.10(84.90,97.90)-1.10(-1.80,-0.60)Z=-4.589<0.001
干预组3595.11±5.8688.40(81.00,96.30)-3.40(-4.90,-2.30)Z=-5.127<0.001
统计值t=-0.846Z=-2.896Z=-5.847
P0.3980.004<0.001
BFM(kg)对照组3529.48±1.2328.72±1.59-0.76±1.00t=4.495<0.001
干预组3528.80±4.2126.67±4.01-2.14±1.20t=10.577<0.001
t值0.9132.8125.208
P0.3650.007<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630803780121518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组干预前后人体测量学指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后差值统计值P
体重(kg)对照组3574.97±4.5774.17±4.60-1.10(-1.80,-0.40)Z=-2.9420.003
干预组3576.47±6.2770.66±6.28-5.60(-6.40,-4.80)Z=-5.161<0.001
统计值t=-1.146t=2.671Z=-7.196
P0.2560.010<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)对照组3529.03±2.3128.72±2.29-0.44(-0.67,-0.15)Z=-2.9730.003
干预组3528.20(26.80,29.20)26.22±2.08-2.18±0.55t=23.168<0.001
统计值Z=-1.839t=4.500Z=-7.201
P0.066<0.001<0.001
WHR对照组350.94±0.040.96±0.040.02(0.00,0.03)Z=-3.365<0.001
干预组350.93±0.060.91±0.07-0.02(-0.03,-0.01)Z=-4.505<0.001
统计值t=0.697t=3.773Z=-0.893
P0.488<0.0010.372
VFA(cm2)对照组3594.03±6.0093.10(84.90,97.90)-1.10(-1.80,-0.60)Z=-4.589<0.001
干预组3595.11±5.8688.40(81.00,96.30)-3.40(-4.90,-2.30)Z=-5.127<0.001
统计值t=-0.846Z=-2.896Z=-5.847
P0.3980.004<0.001
BFM(kg)对照组3529.48±1.2328.72±1.59-0.76±1.00t=4.495<0.001
干预组3528.80±4.2126.67±4.01-2.14±1.20t=10.577<0.001
t值0.9132.8125.208
P0.3650.007<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630803901756335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of glucose metabolism indicators between the two groups before and after intervention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后差值统计值P
GLU(mmol/L)对照组355.32(4.51,6.67)5.95(5.03,7.29)-0.51±0.33t=-9.027<0.001
干预组355.16(4.52,5.54)4.67(4.02,5.01)-0.54±0.14t=22.185<0.001
统计值Z=-1.439Z=-5.016t=0.478
P0.150<0.0010.635
FINS(mIU/L)对照组3516.26±7.5414.37(9.73,18.91)-0.76±2.06t=2.1690.037
干预组3513.10(9.15,20.13)9.45(6.34,18.03)-2.10(-3.98,-1.52)Z=-5.045<0.001
Z值-0.623-1.733-3.820
P0.5340.081<0.001
HOMA-IR对照组353.82(2.31,6.42)3.47(2.26,5.01)-0.19±0.85t=1.3360.190
干预组353.22(2.06,4.61)2.28(1.16,3.66)-0.87±0.39t=13.343<0.001
统计值Z=-1.204Z=-2.484t=4.278
P0.2290.013<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630804002419632, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

两组干预前后糖代谢指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后差值统计值P
GLU(mmol/L)对照组355.32(4.51,6.67)5.95(5.03,7.29)-0.51±0.33t=-9.027<0.001
干预组355.16(4.52,5.54)4.67(4.02,5.01)-0.54±0.14t=22.185<0.001
统计值Z=-1.439Z=-5.016t=0.478
P0.150<0.0010.635
FINS(mIU/L)对照组3516.26±7.5414.37(9.73,18.91)-0.76±2.06t=2.1690.037
干预组3513.10(9.15,20.13)9.45(6.34,18.03)-2.10(-3.98,-1.52)Z=-5.045<0.001
Z值-0.623-1.733-3.820
P0.5340.081<0.001
HOMA-IR对照组353.82(2.31,6.42)3.47(2.26,5.01)-0.19±0.85t=1.3360.190
干预组353.22(2.06,4.61)2.28(1.16,3.66)-0.87±0.39t=13.343<0.001
统计值Z=-1.204Z=-2.484t=4.278
P0.2290.013<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630804086305713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of lipid metabolism indicators between the two groups before and after intervention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后差值统计值P
HDL-C对照组351.34±0.181.41±0.190.09(0.04,0.17)Z=-2.8030.048
干预组351.43±0.231.52±0.240.09±0.04t=-12.229<0.001
统计值t=-1.792t=-2.110Z=-0.412
P0.0780.0390.681
LDL-C对照组352.65±0.672.60±0.79-0.04±0.34t=0.7220.475
干预组352.96±0.812.64±0.76-0.37(-0.52,-0.21)Z=-4.194<0.001
统计值t=-1.769t=-0.181Z=-4.529
P0.0810.857<0.001
TG对照组351.95±0.631.83±0.78-0.12±0.34t=2.308<0.001
干预组351.83±0.771.40±0.72-0.30(-0.55,-0.13)Z=-5.144<0.001
统计值t=0.715t=2.417Z=-2.849
P0.4770.0180.004
TC对照组354.05±0.943.64±0.96-0.41±0.66t=3.657<0.001
干预组353.67±1.093.02±0.84-0.62(-1.12,-0.26)Z=-4.849<0.001
统计值t=1.540t=2.318Z=-1.639
P0.1280.0230.101
), ArticleFig(id=1322630804329575346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

两组干预前后脂代谢指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后差值统计值P
HDL-C对照组351.34±0.181.41±0.190.09(0.04,0.17)Z=-2.8030.048
干预组351.43±0.231.52±0.240.09±0.04t=-12.229<0.001
统计值t=-1.792t=-2.110Z=-0.412
P0.0780.0390.681
LDL-C对照组352.65±0.672.60±0.79-0.04±0.34t=0.7220.475
干预组352.96±0.812.64±0.76-0.37(-0.52,-0.21)Z=-4.194<0.001
统计值t=-1.769t=-0.181Z=-4.529
P0.0810.857<0.001
TG对照组351.95±0.631.83±0.78-0.12±0.34t=2.308<0.001
干预组351.83±0.771.40±0.72-0.30(-0.55,-0.13)Z=-5.144<0.001
统计值t=0.715t=2.417Z=-2.849
P0.4770.0180.004
TC对照组354.05±0.943.64±0.96-0.41±0.66t=3.657<0.001
干预组353.67±1.093.02±0.84-0.62(-1.12,-0.26)Z=-4.849<0.001
统计值t=1.540t=2.318Z=-1.639
P0.1280.0230.101
), ArticleFig(id=1322630804434432947, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of inflammation indexes between the two groups before and after intervention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后差值统计值P
CRP(mg/L)对照组357.51±2.547.24±2.450.51(-0.21,0.70)Z=-2.4160.016
干预组357.44±2.066.01±2.251.44±0.64t=13.247<0.001
统计值t=0.125t=2.201Z=-5.885
P0.9010.031<0.001
hs-CRP(mg/L)对照组352.35±1.082.18±1.130.25(0.08,0.38)Z=-2.7600.006
干预组352.28±0.821.69±0.820.48(0.32,0.78)Z=-4.743<0.001
统计值t=0.311t=2.110Z=-4.241
P0.7570.039<0.001
IL-6(pg/mL)对照组353.93±1.173.58±1.230.34(0.22,0.59)Z=-4.218<0.001
干预组353.63±1.162.94±1.140.69±0.32t=12.725<0.001
统计值t=1.072t=2.251Z=-3.894
P0.2870.028<0.001
TNF-α(pg/mL)对照组353.91±0.523.79±0.76-0.12±0.73t=0.9460.351
干预组353.64±1.072.37±0.65-1.27±0.86t=8.740<0.001
t值1.3298.3887.261
P0.190<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630806116348852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

两组干预前后炎症指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后差值统计值P
CRP(mg/L)对照组357.51±2.547.24±2.450.51(-0.21,0.70)Z=-2.4160.016
干预组357.44±2.066.01±2.251.44±0.64t=13.247<0.001
统计值t=0.125t=2.201Z=-5.885
P0.9010.031<0.001
hs-CRP(mg/L)对照组352.35±1.082.18±1.130.25(0.08,0.38)Z=-2.7600.006
干预组352.28±0.821.69±0.820.48(0.32,0.78)Z=-4.743<0.001
统计值t=0.311t=2.110Z=-4.241
P0.7570.039<0.001
IL-6(pg/mL)对照组353.93±1.173.58±1.230.34(0.22,0.59)Z=-4.218<0.001
干预组353.63±1.162.94±1.140.69±0.32t=12.725<0.001
统计值t=1.072t=2.251Z=-3.894
P0.2870.028<0.001
TNF-α(pg/mL)对照组353.91±0.523.79±0.76-0.12±0.73t=0.9460.351
干预组353.64±1.072.37±0.65-1.27±0.86t=8.740<0.001
t值1.3298.3887.261
P0.190<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630806196040629, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of oxidative stress indexes between the two groups before and after intervention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后差值统计值P
SOD(U/mL)对照组35178.66±17.77181.78±17.543.12±6.90t=-2.6750.011
干预组35177.53±16.99192.44±17.0314.91±6.07t=-14.526<0.001
t值0.272-2.579-11.605
P0.7870.012<0.001
MDA(nmol/mL)对照组352.72±0.612.22±0.72-0.39(-0.26,-0.69)Z=-5.143<0.001
干预组352.99±0.662.71±0.74-0.34(-0.12,-0.59)Z=-3.1370.002
统计值t=-1.824t=-2.821Z=-1.780
P0.0730.0060.075
), ArticleFig(id=1322630806284121014, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

两组干预前后氧化应激指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预6周后差值统计值P
SOD(U/mL)对照组35178.66±17.77181.78±17.543.12±6.90t=-2.6750.011
干预组35177.53±16.99192.44±17.0314.91±6.07t=-14.526<0.001
t值0.272-2.579-11.605
P0.7870.012<0.001
MDA(nmol/mL)对照组352.72±0.612.22±0.72-0.39(-0.26,-0.69)Z=-5.143<0.001
干预组352.99±0.662.71±0.74-0.34(-0.12,-0.59)Z=-3.1370.002
统计值t=-1.824t=-2.821Z=-1.780
P0.0730.0060.075
), ArticleFig(id=1322630806368007095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Comparison of Hcy between the two groups before and after intervention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数干预前干预6周后差值统计值P
对照组3516.91±7.2916.89±7.85-1.40(-3.90,5.90)Z=-0.0490.961
干预组3516.10±3.8010.11±4.065.99±2.48t=14.269<0.001
统计值t=0.582t=4.541Z=-4.523
P0.563<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630806477059000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

两组干预前后Hcy比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数干预前干预6周后差值统计值P
对照组3516.91±7.2916.89±7.85-1.40(-3.90,5.90)Z=-0.0490.961
干预组3516.10±3.8010.11±4.065.99±2.48t=14.269<0.001
统计值t=0.582t=4.541Z=-4.523
P0.563<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630806569333689, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Comparison of liver and kidney function indexes in intervention group before and after intervention(n=35)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目干预前干预6周后差值Z值P
ALT(U/L)20.00(14.00,35.00)16.00(10.00,25.00)-4.00(-8.00,-3.00)-5.172<0.001
AST(U/L)20.00(16.00,25.00)16.70(13.00,22.00)-3.00(-3.80.-2.00)-5.180<0.001
UREA(mmol/L)4.10(3.60,4.60)3.40(3.10,4.00)-0.50(-0.80,-0.20)-5.094<0.001
CREA(μmol/L)56.00(50.00,63.00)51.00(46.00,59.00)-6.00(-8.00,-4.00)-5.166<0.001
UA(μmol/L)337.18(295.18,425.53)298.81(247.69,377.07)-44.31(-51.02,-34.65)-5.143<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630806644831162, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

干预组干预前后肝肾功能指标比较(n=35)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目干预前干预6周后差值Z值P
ALT(U/L)20.00(14.00,35.00)16.00(10.00,25.00)-4.00(-8.00,-3.00)-5.172<0.001
AST(U/L)20.00(16.00,25.00)16.70(13.00,22.00)-3.00(-3.80.-2.00)-5.180<0.001
UREA(mmol/L)4.10(3.60,4.60)3.40(3.10,4.00)-0.50(-0.80,-0.20)-5.094<0.001
CREA(μmol/L)56.00(50.00,63.00)51.00(46.00,59.00)-6.00(-8.00,-4.00)-5.166<0.001
UA(μmol/L)337.18(295.18,425.53)298.81(247.69,377.07)-44.31(-51.02,-34.65)-5.143<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630806737105851, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Comparison of body weight between the two groups at 6 weeks and 3 months after intervention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数干预6周后干预3个月后差值统计值P
对照组3574.17±4.6073.86±4.72-0.60(-0.90,0.40)Z=-2.1090.035
干预组3570.66±6.2869.51±6.46-1.15±0.86t=7.956<0.001
统计值t=2.671t=3.221Z=-3.892
P0.0100.002<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630806816797628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

两组干预6周后及干预3个月后体重比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数干预6周后干预3个月后差值统计值P
对照组3574.17±4.6073.86±4.72-0.60(-0.90,0.40)Z=-2.1090.035
干预组3570.66±6.2869.51±6.46-1.15±0.86t=7.956<0.001
统计值t=2.671t=3.221Z=-3.892
P0.0100.002<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630806909072317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Comparison of nutrient intake between the two groups before intervention and at 3 months after intervention

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预3个月后差值t值P
饮食总能量(kcal/d)干预组351 842.94±129.541 011.69±98.51-831.26±121.8740.355<0.001
对照组351 757.40±124.321 542.14±181.61-215.26±162.707.827<0.001
蛋白质(g/d)干预组3550.03±11.8182.09±8.6132.06±18.19-10.430<0.001
对照组3547.83±10.3354.11±7.706.29±13.23-2.8100.008
脂肪(g/d)干预组3554.83±12.4034.43±8.70-20.40±13.399.013<0.001
对照组3555.14±12.6848.49±7.41-6.66±14.002.8140.008
糖类(g/d)干预组35257.03±23.07150.03±17.67-107.00±29.6221.372<0.001
对照组35265.26±17.62197.20±19.37-68.06±13.5429.740<0.001
膳食纤维(g/d)干预组357.54±1.3414.63±2.687.09±2.90-14.435<0.001
对照组357.05±1.428.61±1.681.57±2.64-3.506<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322630806992958398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322630795437650769, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

两组干预前及干预3个月后营养摄入情况比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目组别例数干预前干预3个月后差值t值P
饮食总能量(kcal/d)干预组351 842.94±129.541 011.69±98.51-831.26±121.8740.355<0.001
对照组351 757.40±124.321 542.14±181.61-215.26±162.707.827<0.001
蛋白质(g/d)干预组3550.03±11.8182.09±8.6132.06±18.19-10.430<0.001
对照组3547.83±10.3354.11±7.706.29±13.23-2.8100.008
脂肪(g/d)干预组3554.83±12.4034.43±8.70-20.40±13.399.013<0.001
对照组3555.14±12.6848.49±7.41-6.66±14.002.8140.008
糖类(g/d)干预组35257.03±23.07150.03±17.67-107.00±29.6221.372<0.001
对照组35265.26±17.62197.20±19.37-68.06±13.5429.740<0.001
膳食纤维(g/d)干预组357.54±1.3414.63±2.687.09±2.90-14.435<0.001
对照组357.05±1.428.61±1.681.57±2.64-3.506<0.001
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家庭护士食疗理论在超重和肥胖不孕症女性中的实证研究
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马辰婧 1 , 韩世范 2, 3, 4, 5, *, * , 赵奕雯 6 , 程俊香 2 , 凌璇 1 , 刘洽 1 , 李馨煜 1 , 张珺 1 , 张欢 7
护理研究 | 慢病食疗专题 2026,40(18): 3153-3161
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护理研究 |慢病食疗专题 2026 , 40 (18) : 3153 -3161
家庭护士食疗理论在超重和肥胖不孕症女性中的实证研究
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马辰婧1, 韩世范2, 3, 4, 5, *, * , 赵奕雯6, 程俊香2, 凌璇1, 刘洽1, 李馨煜1, 张珺1, 张欢7
作者信息
  • 1山西医科大学,山西 030001
  • 2山西医科大学第一医院
  • 3山西医科大学食疗科技研究中心
  • 4山西省食疗和农产品处方产业技术创新战略联盟
  • 5山西省大健康产教融合重大平台载体与实训基地
  • 6山西医学期刊社有限责任公司
  • 7山西全能家庭护士医药科技有限公司
通讯作者:
韩世范,E-mail:
HAN Shifan, E-mail:
作者简介:

马辰婧,硕士研究生

Empirical study of the family nurses dietary therapy theory in overweight and obese infertile women
Chenjing MA1, Shifan HAN2, 3, 4, 5 , Yiwen ZHAO6, Junxiang CHENG2, Xuan LING1, Qia LIU1, Xinyu LI1, Jun ZHANG1, Huan ZHANG7
Affiliations
  • 1Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi 030001 China
  • 2First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University
  • 3Food Therapy Science and Technology Research Center, Shanxi Medical University
  • 4Shanxi Province Food Therapy and Agricultural Product Prescription Industry Technology Innovation Strategic Alliance
  • 5Shanxi Province Platform Carrier and Training Base for Industry-Education Integration in Public Health
  • 6Shanxi Medical Periodical Press Co.,Ltd
  • 7Shanxi Full-Care Family Nurse Pharmaceutical Technology Co.,Ltd
出版时间: 2026-09-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.001
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目的

探讨基于家庭护士食疗理论的食疗方案在超重和肥胖不孕症女性中的应用效果。

方法

于2025年6月—7月,选取在山西省太原市某三级甲等医院生殖门诊及某居民社区就诊的70例超重和肥胖不孕症女性为研究对象。根据随机化和分配隐藏原则将不孕症女性分为干预组(35例)和对照组(35例)。对照组采用健康宣教联合常规饮食护理模式,干预组采用健康宣教联合家庭护士食疗方案,调查不孕症女性的受孕情况、人体测量学指标、生化指标、营养摄入情况。

结果

干预组干预6周后受孕人数多于对照组。干预组干预6周后体重、体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比(WHR)、内脏脂肪面积(VFA)、体脂量(BFM)、空腹血糖(GLU)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血清尿素(UREA)、血清肌酐(CREA)、血清尿酸(UA)优于干预前,体重、BMI、VFA、BFM、FINS、HOMA-IR、LDL-C、TG、CRP、hs-CRP、IL-6、TNF-α、SOD、Hcy变化程度优于对照组,干预组干预后3个月体重低于干预6周后且下降程度大于对照组,干预组饮食总能量、蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、膳食纤维摄入量优于干预前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

结论

家庭护士食疗方案有利于改善超重和肥胖不孕症女性糖脂代谢紊乱及受孕情况,减轻慢性炎症反应,调节氧化应激平衡,同时优化肝肾功能,为病人受孕构建了良好的生理基础。

家庭护士食疗理论  /  不孕症  /  超重  /  肥胖  /  代谢  /  炎症  /  氧化应激
Objective

To investigate the application effectiveness of a food therapy regimen based on the family nurses dietary therapy theory in overweight and obese infertile women.

Methods

A total of 70 overweight and obese infertile women were selected as study subjects from the reproductive medicine clinic of a tertiary grade A hospital and a resident community in Taiyuan city,Shanxi province from June to July 2025.Following randomization and allocation concealment principles,the infertile women were divided into an intervention group(35 cases) and a control group(35 cases).The control group received health education combined with conventional dietary care,while the intervention group received health education combined with the family nurse food therapy regimen.Anthropometric indicators,dietary behaviors,and nutrient intake of the infertile women were investigated.

Results

After 6 weeks of intervention,the pregnancy rate in the intervention group was higher than that in the control group.Body weight,body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),visceral fat area(VFA),body fat mass(BFM),fasting blood glucose(GLU),fasting insulin(FINS),homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),C-reactive protein(CRP),high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),homocysteine(Hcy),alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),serum urea(UREA),serum creatinine(CREA),and serum uric acid(UA) in the intervention group were superior to those before the intervention.The degree of change in body weight,BMI,VFA,BFM,FINS,HOMA-IR,LDL-C,TG,CRP,hs-CRP,IL-6,TNF-α,SOD,and Hcy were greater in the intervention group than in the control group.Body weight in the intervention group at 3 months after intervention was lower than that at 6 weeks after intervention.The degree of reduction was greater than that in the control group.Total dietary energy,protein,fat,carbohydrate,and dietary fiber intakes in the intervention group were superior than those before the intervention.All these differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).

Conclusions

The family nurses dietary therapy regimen was beneficial for improving glycolipid metabolism disorders and pregnancy outcomes,alleviating chronic inflammatory responses,modulating the oxidative stress balance,and simultaneously optimizing liver and kidney function in overweight and obese infertile women,thereby establishing a favorable physiological foundation for conception.

family nurses dietary therapy theory  /  infertility  /  overweight  /  obesity  /  metabolism  /  inflammation  /  oxidative stress
马辰婧, 韩世范, 赵奕雯, 程俊香, 凌璇, 刘洽, 李馨煜, 张珺, 张欢. 家庭护士食疗理论在超重和肥胖不孕症女性中的实证研究. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (18) : 3153 -3161 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.001
Chenjing MA, Shifan HAN, Yiwen ZHAO, Junxiang CHENG, Xuan LING, Qia LIU, Xinyu LI, Jun ZHANG, Huan ZHANG. Empirical study of the family nurses dietary therapy theory in overweight and obese infertile women[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (18) : 3153 -3161 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.001
育龄期女性有正常的性生活持续1年,且其配偶的生殖功能正常,未采用任何避孕措施仍未妊娠,称为不孕症[1]。Zhou等[2-3]的研究结果显示,有妊娠风险的妇女不孕总患病率为15.5%,而试图受孕的妇女不孕总患病率为25.0%。肥胖作为21世纪严峻的公共卫生挑战之一,不只是心血管疾病、糖尿病等慢性病的重要危险因素,其也与不孕风险升高密切关联[4]。超重和肥胖可通过影响子宫内膜状态、干扰排卵及导致月经紊乱等机制[5-6],严重损害女性的自然受孕能力。在不孕症女性群体中,超重与肥胖者的比例约占1/7,且体重异常会进一步加剧其生殖功能障碍[7-8]。本研究以超重和肥胖不孕症女性为研究对象,依据家庭护士食疗理论,构建富含非营养素的家庭护士食疗方案,探讨其对病人机体氧化应激、炎症及代谢状态等的改善作用,并评价该方案对病人生育结局的临床改善效果。
于2025年6月—7月,选取在山西省太原市某三级甲等医院生殖门诊及某居民社区就诊的70例超重和肥胖不孕症已婚女性为研究对象。纳入标准:1)年龄20~40岁;2)已婚;3)超重或肥胖[体质指数(BMI)≥24 kg/m2];4)符合不孕症诊断标准;5)生殖系统无器质性病变(先天性生理缺陷或畸形、双侧输卵管不通、垂体肿瘤等);6)3个月内未进行相关治疗,未使用过激素类药物;7)男方生殖功能正常;8)自愿参加本研究并签署知情同意书。排除标准:1)确诊为子宫内膜异位症、子宫腺肌病、子宫肌瘤;2)因卵巢功能早衰导致卵泡不发育;3)合并其他系统严重的原发性疾病或患有精神疾病;4)近3个月内服用过可影响本次试验结果的药物(如避孕药、糖皮质激素等);5)不能定期复诊;6)对试验产品成分(荞麦、大豆等)过敏。根据随机化和分配隐藏原则将不孕症女性分为干预组和对照组,每组35例。两组不孕症女性年龄、疾病病程、受教育程度、饮食情况、日常活动量、饮酒情况、用药情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,见表1。本研究已经通过山西医科大学第一医院伦理委员会科研伦理审查(批件号:KYLL-2025-365)。
对照组采用健康宣教联合常规饮食护理模式。1)健康宣教:向不孕症女性普及饮食营养相关知识,包括超重和肥胖不孕症的饮食诱因、合理膳食的核心原则等,通过口头讲解、一对一答疑等方式,提升不孕症女性对健康饮食的重视度。2)常规饮食护理:严格依据《中国居民膳食指南(2022年版)》及《成人肥胖食养指南(2024年版)》制订护理方案,指导不孕症女性遵循均衡膳食及规律进餐原则,同时控制总热量,合理搭配主食、蔬菜、水果、肉蛋奶、豆制品等各类食物,避免高油、高盐、高糖及高热量食物摄入,引导不孕症女性养成健康的饮食习惯,不额外增加非营养素强化干预措施。
干预组采用健康宣教联合家庭护士食疗方案,其中健康宣教内容、方式与对照组完全一致。家庭护士食疗方案为基于家庭护士食疗理论的富含非营养素膳食干预方案,包括个性化饮食餐单、非营养素强化干预。1)个性化饮食餐单:在团队前期构建的富含非营养素的饮食方案及饮食库基础上,结合不孕症女性个体饮食营养评估结果,制定专属的富含非营养素的个性化饮食餐单。餐单设计以强化非营养素摄入为核心,选用非营养素含量丰富的食材,确保饮食中非营养素的足量摄入。基于餐单对不孕症女性进行饮食指导并提醒其进行饮食打卡。2)非营养素强化干预:以家庭护士®代用茶作为餐间饮品用于补充非营养素,以家庭护士®植物蛋白复配粉用于优化饮食中非营养素搭配比例。其中,家庭护士®代用茶由苦荞麦颗粒、枸杞等原料制成(由山西全能家庭护士医药科技有限公司提供,产品生产许可证号:SC11461012208320),饮用标准为每日2包,每包使用300~500 mL、80 ℃以上热水冲泡,冲泡后茶色呈黄绿色,茶味清淡。家庭护士®代用茶包可重复冲泡,待茶色变淡、茶味消失(约冲泡3杯)后,拆包食用茶米,确保非营养素充分摄入。家庭护士®植物蛋白复配粉主要成分为大豆分离蛋白(蛋白质含量≥90%)、低聚异麦芽糖、β-胡萝卜素等(由山西全能家庭护士医药科技有限公司提供,生产许可证号:SC20145090203995),饮用标准为早、中、晚餐各1袋,每袋20 g,用300 mL温开水冲饮,随餐服用。
1)受孕情况:于干预6周后调查两组不孕症女性受孕情况。2)人体测量学指标:于干预前及干预6周后由研究人员采用校准合格仪器,在现场采用标准化方法统一检测两组不孕症女性的BMI、体脂量(BFM)、腰臀比(WHR)、内脏脂肪面积(VFA);于干预前、干预6周后及干预3个月后收集两组不孕症女性体重信息。3)生化指标:于干预前及干预6周后由专业医护人员统一采集两组不孕症女性空腹外周静脉血,检测同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)、空腹血糖(GLU)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA);于干预前及干预6周后收集干预组不孕症女性丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、血清尿素(UREA)、血清肌酐(CREA)、血清尿酸(UA)数据。4)营养摄入情况:于干预前及干预3个月后采用为期3 d的24 h膳食回顾法调查两组不孕症女性摄入食物的种类、分量与烹调方式,计算其饮食总能量、蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、膳食纤维摄入情况。
采用SPSS 27.0软件进行数据分析。定量资料若服从正态分布,以均数±标准差(x±s)表示;若不服从正态分布,以中位数(四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]表示,当两组数据均满足正态分布且方差齐时,组间比较采用独立样本t检验,组内比较采用配对样本t检验;若任意一组数据不符合正态分布或虽符合正态分布但方差不齐时,组间比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验,组内比较采用Wilcoxon符号秩检验。定性资料以频数、百分比(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验。以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
本研究结果显示,干预组不孕症女性干预6周后有5例成功受孕,受孕率为14.3%,而对照组均未受孕,提示基于家庭护士食疗理论的食疗方案可能对超重和肥胖不孕症女性的妊娠结局产生积极影响。Broughton等[9]研究后发现,肥胖会导致排卵障碍、卵母细胞质量及子宫内膜容受性降低等问题,从而损害女性生殖功能,提示超重或肥胖是影响自然受孕及辅助生殖治疗结局的重要危险因素。Hunter等[10]针对超重和肥胖不孕人群进行系统综述,结果显示,饮食联合运动的综合干预可提高妊娠率。Caldwell等[11]进行系统评价后指出,孕前进行减重干预可提高妊娠率,这一效应在干预时长较短(≤12周)或BMI较高(≥35 kg/m2)的病人中更为显著。尽管本研究每组样本量仅35例,观察时间相对较短,但基于家庭护士食疗理论的饮食干预仍体现出较为可观的临床获益。
超重和肥胖是导致女性生育困难的重要危险因素。本研究结果显示,两组不孕症女性干预6周后体重、BMI均下降,干预组下降幅度大于对照组(P<0.05)。已有研究表明,在多囊卵巢综合征或超重和肥胖女性中,BMI增高与自然妊娠率降低相关,而当体重下降5%~10%时,能够显著提高自然妊娠概率,改善病人排卵功能[12]。Zain等[13]研究发现,在有计划受孕或接受体外受精治疗的女性中,超重和肥胖会降低自然妊娠率和治疗效果,导致病人治疗周期延长,与本研究结果相似。针对超重和肥胖不孕人群开展饮食干预,可有效改善体重和体成分指标,从而改善女性妊娠结局。Sim等[14]开展的一项随机对照试验中,一组肥胖女性在接受为期12周的极低能量饮食和低热量饮食干预后体重和腰围下降,病人减重约6.6 kg,腰围减少约8.7 cm,妊娠率达48%,高于未接受极低能量饮食和低热量饮食干预的女性,说明短期饮食干预能够有效降低体重和改善脂肪分布相关指标。此外,本研究中干预组和对照组干预6周后的WHR比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),但其变化程度在干预组和对照组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.372)。已有研究结果表明,WHR的变化与内脏脂肪绝对减少量相关性不明显[15]。且研究结果显示,在不同肥胖类型中,WHR与内脏脂肪分布的相关性存在差异,提示其可能无法准确反映脂肪的重分布情况[16],在短期干预中,WHR可能并不适合作为内脏脂肪改变的敏感指标。
本研究结果显示,干预组糖脂代谢的多项指标(FINS、HOMA-IR、LDL-C、TG)改善程度优于对照组(P<0.05),提示家庭护士食疗理论指导下的非营养素饮食方案有利于改善超重和肥胖不孕症女性的代谢状态。肥胖与生育结局不良间存在双向影响。肥胖可引发胰岛素抵抗,进而导致血糖调节异常和高胰岛素血症,同时伴随动脉粥样硬化性血脂异常,表现为TG升高等,而这些代谢改变均与不孕风险升高密切相关[17]。已有研究表明,类黄酮等膳食多酚非营养素可作用于胰岛素信号通路与脂质代谢过程[18],在调节糖脂代谢的同时,降低胰岛素及促黄体生成素水平,进而改善胰岛素抵抗,减少相关心血管代谢风险,为膳食干预改善其代谢异常提供重要依据。家庭护士®植物蛋白复配粉中含有丰富的优质植物蛋白以及大豆异黄酮、植物甾醇等非营养素。Jamilian等[19]研究结果显示,大豆异黄酮可以降低FINS、游离雄激素指数及总睾酮水平,升高性激素结合球蛋白水平,表明其对高雄激素状态也具有一定调节作用。从糖代谢角度来看,Dağ等[20]研究发现,胰岛素抵抗是导致超重和肥胖女性不孕的重要危险因素之一。从脂代谢角度来看,脂代谢异常是肥胖相关代谢损害的重要组成部分。陈丽等[21]研究发现,肥胖女性常表现为TG升高等异常血脂谱,这与胰岛素抵抗密切相关,且脂代谢紊乱也会影响卵巢微环境和生殖激素水平,进一步导致不孕症发生。此外,糖代谢与脂代谢间也并非孤立存在,这种整体代谢紊乱不仅会降低机体基础代谢水平,还可通过影响性激素分泌、炎症状态及卵巢功能,最终降低病人受孕成功率[20]。因此,本研究中干预组糖脂代谢的同步改善具有重要临床意义,糖脂代谢异常在超重和肥胖不孕症女性中共同影响生殖功能,基于家庭护士食疗理论指导的饮食方案可同时针对两类代谢异常进行干预,从而改善不孕症女性的内分泌和生殖结局。
肥胖会在全身和卵巢局部诱导炎症及氧化应激反应,进而损害卵巢功能和卵母细胞质量,这是肥胖相关不孕的重要病理机制之一[22]。Robker等[23]在肥胖相关不孕的研究中指出,肥胖引发的脂质异常沉积可激活卵巢细胞内核因子κB等炎症信号通路,并通过氧化应激损伤线粒体功能与细胞稳态,最终降低卵母细胞的成熟度与质量。本研究结果显示,干预组干预6周后IL-6、TNF-α等炎症指标及SOD等抗氧化能力指标均改善(均P<0.05),提示家庭护士食疗理论指导下的健康饮食方案在改善慢性炎症状态与氧化应激失衡方面具有一定效果。家庭护士食疗理论指导下的食疗方案可有效减轻脂肪组织炎症浸润,改善机体系统性炎症状态,增强抗氧化能力,通过多种代谢调控机制,同时对炎症与氧化应激2条通路发挥作用,二者协同可减轻氧化损伤,阻断炎症与氧化应激的恶性循环,从而为改善卵巢内环境、帮助不孕症女性改善不孕状态提供有利条件。在日常饮食中增加鱼类、瘦肉及坚果等富含异黄酮、胆碱和白藜芦醇及其他非营养素食物,可改善体内炎症与氧化状态,从而降低机体炎症与活性氧水平。此外,已有研究发现,抗炎和抗氧化膳食模式不仅与炎症指标水平相关,也与不孕风险密切相关,且肥胖指标在其中起中介作用,进一步提示代谢干预改善炎症与氧化应激有利于改善生育功能[24]。
本研究结果显示,干预组干预6周后Hcy水平下降,且其降低程度大于对照组(P<0.001)。提示家庭护士食疗理论指导下的非营养素饮食方案可降低不孕症女性的Hcy水平。临床观察显示,不孕女性的Hcy水平普遍偏高。对比正常育龄女性与不明原因不孕女性的研究结果显示,不孕女性的Hcy水平呈升高趋势[25],提示Hcy水平可在一定程度上反映生殖相关的代谢异常。Hcy升高可促进氧化应激反应,诱导活性氧生成并损伤血管内皮功能,这类氧化损伤会直接影响卵巢血供、子宫内膜结构及激素信号传导,进而对排卵功能与胚胎着床产生不利影响。本研究采用的饮食指导方案以优化超重和肥胖不孕症女性整体营养结构为核心,通过多条途径降低Hcy水平,在改善心血管代谢风险的同时,有利于优化生殖相关代谢内环境,从而改善女性的不孕状态。
本研究结果显示,干预组干预6周后的ALT、AST、UA等指标均较干预前降低(P<0.001)。表明通过体重控制与健康饮食模式调整,可有效减轻不孕症女性肝肾代谢负担。对超重和肥胖不孕女性而言,肝肾功能的改善不仅可优化机体整体代谢环境,还可间接改善生殖内分泌状态。Vilar-Gomez等[26]研究表明,体重下降5%~10%即可降低ALT和AST水平并改善肝脏炎症状态与脂肪沉积,与Promrat等[27]研究结果相似。推测在超重和肥胖不孕女性群体中,饮食干预可通过改善体脂分布与代谢状态,减轻肥胖相关炎症反应及肾小球高滤过负荷,进而改善肝肾功能指标。但本研究仅检测了干预组不孕症女性的肝肾功能指标,未对对照组不孕症女性进行同步监测,后续仍需开展严格设计的随机对照研究,以进一步验证家庭护士食疗理论指导下的饮食方案对肝肾功能的改善作用。
本研究结果显示,干预组干预后3个月体重由干预6周时的(70.66±6.28)kg进一步降至(69.51±6.46)kg,且下降程度大于对照组(P<0.001)。表明家庭护士饮食模式在干预结束后依旧能发挥持续的体重控制作用。不孕症女性经过6周的健康饮食干预已建立科学的饮食管理理念,在干预结束后仍能较好地保持健康饮食习惯;同时,体重维持阶段的持续性行为支持是预防减重后反弹的关键[28],持续随访的生活方式干预相较于单纯的短期干预,对体重的长期控制、维持更有利[29]。在饮食结构方面干预组随访3个月后总能量摄入下降(P<0.001),说明家庭护士食疗方案的指导有利于持续维持能量负平衡状态,体重变化与能量摄入间存在明确的定量关系,能量差的长期维持决定了体重稳态改变[30]。
本研究在家庭护士食疗理论指导下构建了超重和肥胖不孕症女性个性化食疗方案,研究结果表明,家庭护士食疗理论应用于超重和肥胖不孕症女性饮食干预具有科学性、有效性,有利于帮助超重和肥胖不孕症女性实现受孕、减重以及改善糖脂代谢、炎症、氧化应激及肝肾功能等效果。家庭护士食疗理论不仅适用于慢性病病人,对慢性相关性疾病同样具有良好的干预效果。但本研究随访周期较短,后续研究可增设干预后6个月、12个月等长期随访节点,更全面、客观地评价方案的长期有效性与稳定性,为其在超重和肥胖不孕症女性中的应用提供更可靠的循证依据。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.18.001
  • 接收时间:2026-04-29
  • 首发时间:2026-10-29
  • 出版时间:2026-09-25
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  • 收稿日期:2026-04-29
  • 修回日期:2026-08-18
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    1山西医科大学,山西 030001
    2山西医科大学第一医院
    3山西医科大学食疗科技研究中心
    4山西省食疗和农产品处方产业技术创新战略联盟
    5山西省大健康产教融合重大平台载体与实训基地
    6山西医学期刊社有限责任公司
    7山西全能家庭护士医药科技有限公司

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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