Article(id=1322924474076635623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.019, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1772121600000, receivedDateStr=2026-02-27, revisedDate=1784044800000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339373367, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1788969600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339373367, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339373367, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339373367, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322924415817757501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='17', pageStart='2961', pageEnd='3152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788969600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793339359478, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343089343, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940060072542250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940060072542251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3086, endPage=3091, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322924474298933736, articleId=1322924474076635623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Psychometric comparison of two behavioral pain scales for hospitalized older adults with cognitive impairment, columnId=1220689492655129450, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Scale Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective To compare the psychometric properties,feasibility,and clinical utility of the Pain Intensity Measure for Persons with Dementia(PIMD) and the Mobilization-Observation-Behaviour-Intensity-Dementia Pain Scale(MOBID-2) for pain assessment in hospitalized older adults with cognitive impairment.
Methods A total of 134 hospitalized older adults with cognitive impairment from a tertiary grade A hospital in Guangdong province were enrolled.Using the Chinese version of the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale(PAINAD) as the criterion,patient's self-reported Numeric Rating Scale pain scores were obtained,followed by pain assessments at rest and during activity using the three scales(PAINAD,PIMD,and MOBID-2) in random order.The internal consistency,inter-rater reliability,criterion validity,construct validity,and pain screening ability were compared between PIMD and MOBID-2.Additionally,22 clinical nurses from six hospitals in Guangdong Province evaluated the feasibility and clinical utility of the two scales.
Results At rest and during activity,the Cronbach's alpha coefficients of PIMD were 0.821 and 0.889,and the inter-rater reliability coefficients were 0.847 and 0.839,respectively.Exploratory factor analysis extracted two common factors for the PIMD in both states,with cumulative variance contribution rates of 71.047% and 77.402%,respectively.Regarding criterion validity,the correlation coefficients between the PIMD and the PAINAD were 0.996 at rest and 0.954 during activity.During activity,the Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the MOBID-2 was 0.781,and the inter-rater reliability coefficient was 0.775;exploratory factor analysis extracted four common factors with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 67.229%;the correlation coefficient between the MOBID-2 and the PAINAD was 0.883.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC) for the PIMD and the MOBID-2 were 0.984 and 0.930,with sensitivities of 91.9% and 71.2%,and specificities of 95.7% and 100.0%,respectively.The Kappa values for agreement among the three scales were all>0.4,and the pain detection rates ranged from 59.0% to 82.8%.The mean feasibility and utility scores for the PIMD and the MOBID-2 were 4.2 and 4.2,3.7 and 4.2,respectively.
Conclusions The PIMD demonstrates good reliability and validity,while MOBID-2 shows good reliability but moderate validity.Both scales can be used for pain assessment in hospitalized older adults with cognitive impairment.However,considering the psychometric properties,feasibility,and clinical utility of each scale,PIMD is recommended as the priority choice.
, authors=Anqi ZOU
1, 2, Li LI
1, Fang LIU
1, Ying TANG
1, Qilan DENG
1, Huiling XIE
1, Yang LI
1, authorsList=Anqi ZOU, Li LI, Fang LIU, Ying TANG, Qilan DENG, Huiling XIE, Yang LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Li LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322924474856776171, articleId=1322924474076635623, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=两种疼痛行为量表在住院老年认知障碍病人中的心理测量学特性比较, columnId=1220689492902593405, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=量表研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的 比较痴呆患者疼痛强度测量表(PIMD)与活动-观察-行为-强度-痴呆疼痛量表-2(MOBID-2)在老年认知障碍病人疼痛评估中的心理测量学特性、可行性与实用性。
方法 选取广东省某三级综合医院134例住院老年认知障碍病人为研究对象。以中文版晚期老年痴呆疼痛评估量表(PAINAD)为效标,在获取病人自评疼痛数字评分后,使用随机排序的PAINAD、PIMD、MOBID-2评估病人静息和活动状态下的疼痛,比较PIMD和MOBID-2的内部一致性、评估者间信度、效标效度、结构效度及疼痛筛查能力。邀请广东省6所医院的22名临床护士对2种量表的可行性与实用性进行评价。
结果 静息与活动状态下,PIMD的Cronbach′s α系数分别为0.821和0.889,评估者间信度系数分别为0.847和0.839;探索性因子分析显示,PIMD在两种状态下各提取2个公因子,累积方差贡献率分别为71.047%、77.402%;效标效度方面,PIMD与PAINAD在静息与活动状态下的相关系数分别为0.996和0.954。活动状态下,MOBID-2的Cronbach′s α系数为0.781,评估者间信度系数为0.775;探索性因子分析提取4个公因子,累积方差贡献率为67.229%;MOBID-2与PAINAD的相关系数为0.883。PIMD和MOBID-2的受试者工作特征曲线下面积分别为0.984,0.930,灵敏度分别为91.9%、71.2%,特异度分别为95.7%、100.0%。3种量表评估结果的一致性Kappa值均>0.4,疼痛检出率为59.0%~82.8%。PIMD和MOBID-2的可行性、实用性均分分别为4.2、4.2分,3.7、4.2分。
结论 PIMD信效度良好,MOBID-2信度良好、效度中等。两种量表均可用于住院老年认知障碍病人的疼痛评估,但综合考虑各量表的测量学特性、可行性与实用性,推荐优先选用PIMD。
, authors=邹安琪
1, 2, 李漓
1, *, *, 刘芳
1, 唐鹰
1, 邓绮兰
1, 谢惠玲
1, 李扬
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Reliability of the PIMD and the MOBID-2
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| 工具 | 状态 | Cronbach′s α系数(n=134) | ICC(n=30) |
|---|
| PIMD | 静息 | 0.821 | 0.847 |
| 活动 | 0.889 | 0.839 |
| MOBID-2 | 活动 | 0.781 | 0.775 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322924479428567591, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924474076635623, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
PIMD和MOBID-2的信度
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| 工具 | 状态 | Cronbach′s α系数(n=134) | ICC(n=30) |
|---|
| PIMD | 静息 | 0.821 | 0.847 |
| 活动 | 0.889 | 0.839 |
| MOBID-2 | 活动 | 0.781 | 0.775 |
), ArticleFig(id=1322924479508259368, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924474076635623, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Exploratory factor analysis results of the PIMD(factor loading)
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| 条目 | | 静息状态 | | | 活动状态 | |
|---|
| 因子1 | 因子2 | 因子1 | 因子2 |
|---|
| 支撑 | | 0.844 | | 0.917 |
| 僵硬或强直 | | 0.868 | | 0.929 |
| 叹气 | | -0.349 | 0.434 | 0.490 |
| 抱怨 | 0.635 | | 0.782 | |
| 面部扭曲 | 0.964 | | 0.848 | |
| 皱眉 | 0.963 | | 0.861 | |
| 眼部异常表情 | 0.927 | | 0.873 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322924479571173929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924474076635623, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
PIMD探索性因子分析结果(因子载荷)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 条目 | | 静息状态 | | | 活动状态 | |
|---|
| 因子1 | 因子2 | 因子1 | 因子2 |
|---|
| 支撑 | | 0.844 | | 0.917 |
| 僵硬或强直 | | 0.868 | | 0.929 |
| 叹气 | | -0.349 | 0.434 | 0.490 |
| 抱怨 | 0.635 | | 0.782 | |
| 面部扭曲 | 0.964 | | 0.848 | |
| 皱眉 | 0.963 | | 0.861 | |
| 眼部异常表情 | 0.927 | | 0.873 | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322924479638282794, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924474076635623, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=
Exploratory factor analysis results of the MOBID-2(factor loading)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 条目 | 因子1 | 因子2 | 因子3 | 因子4 |
|---|
| 张开手掌 | | 0.727 | | |
| 上举双臂 | | 0.729 | | |
| 屈伸膝髋 | 0.846 | | | |
| 左右翻身 | 0.876 | | | |
| 坐于床边 | 0.901 | | | |
| 头部、口腔、颈部 | | | 0.802 | |
| 心脏、肺、胸壁 | | 0.358 | | |
| 腹部 | | | | 0.860 |
| 骨盆、生殖器官 | | | | 0.442 |
| 皮肤 | | | 0.684 | |
| 总体疼痛强度 | 0.796 | | | |
), ArticleFig(id=1322924479705391659, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322924474076635623, language=CN, label=表3, caption=
MOBID-2探索性因子分析结果(因子载荷)
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 条目 | 因子1 | 因子2 | 因子3 | 因子4 |
|---|
| 张开手掌 | | 0.727 | | |
| 上举双臂 | | 0.729 | | |
| 屈伸膝髋 | 0.846 | | | |
| 左右翻身 | 0.876 | | | |
| 坐于床边 | 0.901 | | | |
| 头部、口腔、颈部 | | | 0.802 | |
| 心脏、肺、胸壁 | | 0.358 | | |
| 腹部 | | | | 0.860 |
| 骨盆、生殖器官 | | | | 0.442 |
| 皮肤 | | | 0.684 | |
| 总体疼痛强度 | 0.796 | | | |
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