Article(id=1322926988113084764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.015, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1766505600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-24, revisedDate=1788192000000, revisedDateStr=2026-09-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339972760, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1788969600000, pubDateStr=2026-09-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339972760, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339972760, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339972760, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322924415817757501, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='17', pageStart='2961', pageEnd='3152', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1788969600000', pubDateStr='2026-09-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793339359478, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343089343, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940060072542250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940060072542251, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924415817757501, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=3063, endPage=3067, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322926990256374109, articleId=1322926988113084764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Construction of a dynamic adjustment theoretical framework of childbirth fear among nulliparous women based on grounded theory, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To construct a dynamic adjustment theoretical framework of childbirth fear among nulliparous women by using grounded theory.

Methods

A total of 35 nulliparous women were recruited by using purposive and theoretical sampling and participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews,with data analyzed by using grounded theory.

Results

A total of 10 first-order categories were identified,including psychological factors,physiological factors,social factors,antecedent stimuli,risk perception,need fulfillment,cognitive restructuring,belief enhancement,coping behaviors,and control.These were further integrated into four second-order categories:causes of childbirth fear,adjustment motivation,adjustment strategies,and adjustment outcomes.The core category,termed the dynamic adjustment process of childbirth fear,was identified,based on which a theoretical framework describing nulliparous women's dynamic adjustment to childbirth fear was developed.

Conclusions

The theoretical framework of dynamic adjustment of childbirth fear among nulliparous women could assist obstetric healthcare professionals in the early identification of childbirth fear and provide theoretical basis for developing targeted nursing interventions and optimizing maternity care processes.

, authors=Chen SHU1, Hui MIN2, Liping SUN2, Ying ZHAO1, authorsList=Chen SHU, Hui MIN, Liping SUN, Ying ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Ying ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322926993095917924, articleId=1322926988113084764, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=基于扎根理论构建初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适理论框架, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

基于扎根理论构建初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适的理论框架。

方法

采用目的抽样与理论抽样相结合的方法,选取35名初产妇进行半结构式深度访谈,运用扎根理论方法对访谈资料进行整理与分析。

结果

共提炼出10个一级范畴,分别为心理因素、生理因素、社会因素、前因刺激、风险感知、满足需求、认知重构、提升信念、调适行为和控制;进一步整合形成4个二级范畴,即分娩恐惧原因、调适动机、调适策略和调适结果;确定分娩恐惧的动态调适过程为核心范畴,并据此构建初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适理论框架。

结论

构建的初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适理论框架有助于产科医护人员早期识别初产妇分娩恐惧,为制定针对性护理干预、优化生育照护过程提供理论依据。

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疏琛,护师,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵缨,E-mail:
ZHAO Ying, E-mail:
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基于扎根理论构建初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适理论框架
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疏琛 1 , 闵辉 2 , 孙丽萍 2 , 赵缨 1, *, *
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(17): 3063-3067
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (17) : 3063 -3067
基于扎根理论构建初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适理论框架
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疏琛1, 闵辉2, 孙丽萍2, 赵缨1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1复旦大学护理学院,上海 200032
  • 2复旦大学附属妇产科医院
通讯作者:
赵缨,E-mail:
ZHAO Ying, E-mail:
作者简介:

疏琛,护师,硕士研究生

Construction of a dynamic adjustment theoretical framework of childbirth fear among nulliparous women based on grounded theory
Chen SHU1, Hui MIN2, Liping SUN2, Ying ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing Fudan University, Shanghai 200032 China
  • 2Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University
出版时间: 2026-09-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.015
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目的

基于扎根理论构建初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适的理论框架。

方法

采用目的抽样与理论抽样相结合的方法,选取35名初产妇进行半结构式深度访谈,运用扎根理论方法对访谈资料进行整理与分析。

结果

共提炼出10个一级范畴,分别为心理因素、生理因素、社会因素、前因刺激、风险感知、满足需求、认知重构、提升信念、调适行为和控制;进一步整合形成4个二级范畴,即分娩恐惧原因、调适动机、调适策略和调适结果;确定分娩恐惧的动态调适过程为核心范畴,并据此构建初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适理论框架。

结论

构建的初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适理论框架有助于产科医护人员早期识别初产妇分娩恐惧,为制定针对性护理干预、优化生育照护过程提供理论依据。

初产妇  /  分娩恐惧  /  心理调适  /  扎根理论
Objective

To construct a dynamic adjustment theoretical framework of childbirth fear among nulliparous women by using grounded theory.

Methods

A total of 35 nulliparous women were recruited by using purposive and theoretical sampling and participated in semi-structured in-depth interviews,with data analyzed by using grounded theory.

Results

A total of 10 first-order categories were identified,including psychological factors,physiological factors,social factors,antecedent stimuli,risk perception,need fulfillment,cognitive restructuring,belief enhancement,coping behaviors,and control.These were further integrated into four second-order categories:causes of childbirth fear,adjustment motivation,adjustment strategies,and adjustment outcomes.The core category,termed the dynamic adjustment process of childbirth fear,was identified,based on which a theoretical framework describing nulliparous women's dynamic adjustment to childbirth fear was developed.

Conclusions

The theoretical framework of dynamic adjustment of childbirth fear among nulliparous women could assist obstetric healthcare professionals in the early identification of childbirth fear and provide theoretical basis for developing targeted nursing interventions and optimizing maternity care processes.

nulliparous women  /  childbirth fear  /  psychological adjustment  /  grounded theory
疏琛, 闵辉, 孙丽萍, 赵缨. 基于扎根理论构建初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适理论框架. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (17) : 3063 -3067 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.015
Chen SHU, Hui MIN, Liping SUN, Ying ZHAO. Construction of a dynamic adjustment theoretical framework of childbirth fear among nulliparous women based on grounded theory[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (17) : 3063 -3067 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.015
分娩恐惧是孕产妇在面对分娩过程中的不确定性及潜在风险时产生的一种负性情绪体验[1],在初产妇中尤为常见,其发生率可高达74.7%[2]。研究显示,分娩恐惧水平较高的初产妇,其分娩自我效能显著降低,易对孕期身心状态、分娩信心及分娩结局产生不良影响[3]。严重的分娩恐惧不仅可导致孕产妇焦虑、抑郁等心理问题,还可能增高胎儿宫内窘迫、产程延长、产后出血及紧急剖宫产等不良妊娠结局的发生风险[4-6]。近年来,随着以孕产妇为中心护理模式的不断发展,分娩恐惧问题逐渐受到国内外学者的重视。然而,现有研究多集中于分娩恐惧的影响因素及干预效果,较少从初产妇自身体验出发,系统探讨其在孕期面对分娩恐惧的认知、情绪变化及调适过程,尤其缺乏对分娩恐惧动态演变机制的理论阐释。基于此,本研究采用扎根理论研究方法,从初产妇孕期全程体验出发,深入探讨其分娩恐惧的动态调适过程,构建分娩恐惧动态调适的理论框架,以期为产科医护人员早期识别初产妇分娩恐惧、制定针对性护理干预措施提供理论依据。
2022年11月—2023年10月采用目的抽样和理论抽样,选取复旦大学附属妇产科医院产科门诊就诊的孕晚期初产妇作为研究对象。纳入标准:1)孕周≥37周;2)单胎妊娠;3)初产妇;4)分娩态度问卷(Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire,CAQ)总分≥28分[7]。排除标准:1)既往有精神分裂症等严重精神障碍史者;2)智力发育障碍者;3)合并严重躯体疾病、妊娠并发症或合并症且不适宜经阴道分娩者。样本量以资料分析过程中不再出现新的概念和范畴,即达到理论饱和为标准。最终共纳入初产妇35人(编号:P1~P35),年龄22~43(30.7±3.9)岁;孕周37~41(38.7±1.2)周;文化程度:高中2人,专科8人,本科17人,研究生及以上8人;工作状态:在职16人,产假在家19人;妊娠计划性:计划妊娠25人,意外妊娠10人。本研究经复旦大学附属妇产科医院伦理委员会审批(审批号:妇产科伦审2022-101),所有研究对象均知情同意自愿参加研究,并均签署知情同意书。
根据研究目的进行系统文献回顾[8-9],在此基础上拟定初始访谈提纲。选取5名初产妇开展预访谈,结合预访谈结果并咨询围生期心理领域专家意见,对访谈提纲进行修订和完善,最终形成正式访谈提纲。访谈内容主要包括:1)对即将到来的分娩的整体感受;2)是否存在分娩恐惧及其程度;3)分娩恐惧出现的时间及发展过程;4)引起或加重分娩恐惧的相关因素;5)孕期不同阶段对分娩感受的变化及具体体验;6)应对或缓解分娩恐惧所采取的方式;7)期望孕期从家庭成员处获得的支持;8)期望孕期从医护人员获得的支持。在取得受访者知情同意后,由研究者在产科门诊安静、私密的诊室内采用半结构式深度访谈进行资料收集。访谈过程中,研究者通过追问、澄清等方式引导受访者充分表达其真实体验,全程进行录音,并同步记录必要的现场信息,包括受访者的表情、语气及非言语行为等,每次访谈时间为60~90 min。
采用NVivo 12.0 Plus软件对访谈资料进行整理与分析。由2名接受过扎根理论系统培训的研究者分别反复阅读访谈文本,采用背对背方式独立编码,形成初始概念后进行对比。当出现分歧时,通过逐条讨论原始资料语境,必要时返回访谈文本反复核对,直至达成共识。若仍存在争议,则邀请第3名研究者参与讨论,最终确定编码结果,并同步撰写理论备忘录。资料分析严格遵循扎根理论的开放性编码、主轴编码和选择性编码程序[10],运用持续比较分析法逐步提炼核心范畴并构建理论框架。资料收集与分析同步交替进行,研究者根据初步形成的范畴采用理论抽样指导后续样本选取。例如在调适动机范畴构建中,补充纳入意外妊娠的初产妇,以验证风险感知的适用性;为进一步丰富调适策略范畴的内涵,研究团队有针对性地纳入了具有不同分娩准备方式和应对倾向的初产妇。通过分析与抽样的迭代循环逐步丰富和验证各范畴的理论内涵。其中,30份访谈资料用于初始编码分析和理论构建,另5份访谈资料用于理论饱和度检验。结果显示,新增资料未产生新的概念或范畴,表明所构建的理论框架达到理论饱和。
对访谈资料进行逐句分析,采用贴标签的方式提取原始语句中的关键信息,形成初始概念,再通过不断比较同类现象,将相近概念归纳整合形成范畴[10]。最终共归纳出10个一级范畴,分别为心理因素、生理因素、社会因素、前因刺激、风险感知、满足需求、认知重构、提升信念、调适行为和控制。
在开放性编码的基础上,进一步分析各一级范畴之间的内在联系,对相关范畴进行整合与归类,形成4个二级范畴,分别为分娩恐惧原因、调适动机、调适策略和调适结果。
通过对二级范畴的系统整合与反复比较,确定核心范畴为分娩恐惧的动态调适过程,并围绕该核心范畴构建初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适理论框架。该理论框架以分娩恐惧的动态调适过程为主线,揭示了初产妇在面对分娩不确定性和不可预测性情境下,分娩恐惧从产生,经由激发调适动机、实施调适策略,最终获得控制感的动态演变过程。详见图1。
早期识别分娩恐惧原因是初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适的重要前提。本研究结果显示,分娩恐惧主要来源于心理因素、生理因素和社会因素。心理因素主要表现为初产妇对分娩过程不确定性及对分娩结局的担忧,尤其对疼痛、风险及自身应对能力缺乏信心,P2表示:“每次想到分娩是未知的,我就感到非常害怕”。生理因素主要指孕期各种不适症状带来的身体负担,这些不适体验在一定程度上放大了其对分娩的负性预期,P8提到:“怀孕期间身体的一些不适加剧了我对分娩的担忧”。社会因素则主要与分娩相关知识和经验缺乏以及家庭支持不足有关,部分初产妇在孕期缺乏有效的信息支持和情感支持,从而加重其分娩恐惧体验,P9表示:“这是我第1次怀孕,我自己又缺乏分娩知识和经验,如果家人对我的支持不够,这让我更害怕分娩”。
调适动机的形成是分娩恐惧动态调适过程的重要驱动力。本研究结果显示,初产妇在逐渐明确自身分娩恐惧来源后,开始由被动体验恐惧转向主动寻求调适,逐步形成调适动机。该动机主要包括外部动机和内部动机2个方面,其中前因刺激属于外部动机,风险感知和满足需求属于内部动机。外部动机主要来源于外界信息刺激,如他人分娩经历的影响,促使初产妇反思自身处境并尝试采取应对措施,P13表示:“看到其他孕妇的分娩经历后,我开始思考自己该如何应对分娩恐惧”。内部动机则与初产妇对分娩风险的认知及自身安全与支持需求的觉察有关,在意识到潜在风险后,初产妇更倾向于提前进行心理和行为准备,P19提到:“了解到分娩可能带来的各种风险后,我觉得需要提前做好准备”。此外,来自医护人员的专业支持有助于满足其安全感需求,进一步强化调适动机,P23表示:“每次助产士的耐心讲解让我感到安全感增强”。
在调适动机的驱动下,初产妇逐步采取多种调适策略以应对分娩恐惧。本研究结果显示,调适策略主要包括认知重构、提升信念和调适行为。认知重构主要表现为通过主动获取分娩相关知识,重新理解分娩过程及其可控性,从而调整原有的负性认知,P25表示:“通过学习分娩知识,医生和助产士的讲解帮助我重新认识了分娩过程,使我对分娩的看法有了很大的改变”。提升信念则体现为初产妇逐渐增强对自身顺利分娩的信心,将注意力由分娩风险转向自我应对能力,P30提到:“相信自己能够顺利分娩,这对我来说非常重要”。调适行为主要包括放松训练、情境模拟等具体行为方式,通过实践性行为缓解紧张情绪并提升应对体验,P16表示:“利用放松技巧和情境模拟,我觉得在面对分娩时感到更加自如”。
调适结果主要体现为初产妇控制感的提升,包括内部控制和外部控制2个方面。内部控制主要表现为初产妇对自身分娩能力的信任增强,在逐步应对分娩恐惧的过程中,其对分娩过程的主观掌控感明显提高,P4表示:“我开始相信自己有能力顺利完成分娩,我觉得自己对分娩过程有了更多的掌控,心里踏实了很多”。外部控制则体现为初产妇对医疗环境及支持系统的安全感提升,在充分了解医疗资源和应急保障措施后,其对分娩风险的担忧明显减轻,P8提到:“在了解了医院的应急措施后,我觉得即使遇到突发情况也能得到及时和专业的处理,这让我放松了很多”。此外,良好的医疗环境与专业设备进一步增强了其外部控制体验,P5表示:“医院的专业设备和良好的环境让我觉得很安心,相信能够应对各种情况”。
本研究结果显示,心理因素、生理因素和社会因素是初产妇分娩恐惧的主要来源,其中以心理弹性不足、对胎儿健康的担忧及社会支持不足表现尤为突出,提示分娩恐惧的形成具有多因素交互作用的特点。既往研究指出,心理弹性与孕妇心理困扰密切相关,在围生期心理健康维护中发挥重要作用[11]。提示产科医护人员可在孕期通过常规评估手段,早期识别心理弹性水平较低、负性体验较多的初产妇,进行风险预警并实施针对性的护理干预。本研究中,初产妇对胎儿安全的担忧主要集中在早产、胎儿宫内窘迫及宫内发育迟缓等方面,与既往研究结果[12]一致。在临床护理实践中,通过规范产前检查、强化健康宣教及风险沟通,有助于减少初产妇因分娩不确定性带来的恐惧体验,增强其对分娩过程的理解与信任。此外,社会支持在分娩恐惧形成过程中具有重要影响。既往研究表明,社会支持不足不仅可加重初产妇的分娩恐惧,还可能影响其应对方式和调适路径[13]。因此,在分娩恐惧评估过程中,产科医护人员有必要关注初产妇所感知的社会支持状况,尤其是经济压力较大或处于非工作状态的孕妇,通过整合家庭与医疗支持资源为其提供多维度支持,可能有助于回应其分娩恐惧体验。
本研究结果显示,替代体验是促使初产妇感知分娩风险的重要外部刺激,其中不良妊娠结局是最易被感知的风险类型之一[14-15]。目前,信息高度传播,负性分娩经历的分享以及媒体对分娩过程的戏剧化呈现,容易放大分娩风险的感知强度,使初产妇倾向于将分娩视为潜在威胁事件,从而激发其对分娩结局的担忧。随着孕周的增加,初产妇对胎儿的关注与期待逐渐增强,但分娩恐惧水平较高的初产妇更易出现负性的身体形象认知,并存在形成不安全型母胎依恋的风险[16]。心理学研究表明,个体的需求只有在被识别并内化为动机后,才能有效推动行为的发生与维持[17]。本研究进一步发现,初产妇在面对分娩恐惧时,会在“需要得到帮助”的主观体验中逐渐形成调适动机,其中支持需求、信息需求和情感需求是其内在驱动力的主要来源。具体而言,专业支持可回应其对安全与能力建立的支持需求,通过规范指导与风险沟通提升分娩自我效能,进而改善其对分娩过程和结局的预期[18];权威、及时的信息支持可满足其对不确定性的解释需求,减少因信息缺失引发的风险放大[19];尊重、理解与陪伴等情感支持则有助于缓解焦虑情绪,增强安全感并稳定其调适意愿[20]。因此,产科医护人员可借助数字化信息手段提供科学、规范的分娩相关知识,结合线上线下的持续沟通与情感关怀,协同满足初产妇的信息与情感需求,从而增强其安全感并激发调适动机[21]。
本研究从初产妇的主观体验出发,发现认知重构、提升信念和调适行为构成分娩恐惧动态调适的核心实施策略。上述策略通过认知、情感与行为3个层面共同作用,推动调适动机向实际应对行为转化,从而在分娩恐惧调适过程中发挥关键作用。在认知层面,正确认识分娩过程、理解产程进展及相关风险,有助于初产妇修正对分娩的负性预期,降低因认知偏差引发的恐惧体验。既往研究指出,错误或片面的分娩认知是诱发分娩恐惧的重要因素,而对分娩过程的理性认知有助于缓解恐惧情绪[22]。在临床护理实践中,产科医护人员通过系统化的产前宣教,使初产妇掌握分娩相关知识,可提高其心理准备度并增强分娩自我效能。在情感与信念层面,积极的分娩信念和态度是促进行为改变的重要心理基础。通过积极的心理解释、赋能及正念等方式,有助于增强初产妇的心理灵活性,提升情绪调节能力,从而提升其应对分娩恐惧的信心[23]。在行为层面,调适行为为恐惧应对提供了可操作的实践路径。研究表明,情境暴露可逐步降低个体对特定恐惧刺激的敏感性[24]。本研究提示,将数字化情境模拟与放松训练相结合的干预方式,可能有助于初产妇在产前提前适应分娩环境,降低情绪唤醒水平并提高应对能力[25]。
控制感是理解个体健康行为和应对方式的重要心理学概念,通常可分为内部控制和外部控制2个方面[26-27]。本研究发现,在分娩恐惧的动态调适过程中,初产妇更为关注内部控制感的建立,即逐步形成对自身分娩能力的信任以及对分娩过程的主观掌控感[28]。这种内部控制感的增强,使初产妇在面对分娩不确定性时,由单纯关注风险转向关注自身应对能力,从而缓解分娩恐惧体验。结合前述研究结果,初产妇通过认知重构、提升信念和调适行为等策略,在持续调适过程中逐渐获得对分娩过程的掌控体验,同时在医疗支持与环境保障下形成稳定的外部安全感。内部控制与外部控制的协同提升,构成分娩恐惧动态调适的重要结果,并推动其由分娩过程中的被动应对向主动参与转变。本研究结果提示,以初产妇为中心的动态调适护理策略有助于增强其控制感,提升分娩自我效能,并改善分娩体验。
本研究构建的初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适理论框架在以下方面有所拓展。在恐惧应对机制方面,本研究发现与恐惧控制理论强调个体通过认知与行为策略降低威胁感知的观点具有一致性[29]。扩展平行过程模型进一步指出自我效能和反应效能是决定个体应对方向的关键因素[30]。本框架中从调适动机、调适策略再到控制感的路径与该模型的危险控制路径相呼应,但更强调初产妇在孕期持续调适中的主动性和阶段性特征,揭示了孕期不同阶段情绪与行为策略的动态变化规律。此外,本研究识别出的满足需求范畴为理解调适动机的形成提供了更具体的内涵,拓展了效能感知的来源维度。在认知与行为层面,本框架中的认知重构、提升信念和调适行为与认知行为理论的核心假设[31]一致,但进一步解释了分娩情境下的特异性策略,如情境模拟、识别临产先兆等。相较于认知行为模型侧重个体内部调节,本研究强调家庭支持与医疗环境等外部因素的共同作用,拓展了分娩恐惧干预的情境视角。在调适结果方面,本研究将控制感作为核心结果,与控制点理论相呼应[26],并强调内部控制与外部控制的协同作用,更符合分娩情境中初产妇对专业支持的现实依赖。综上所述,本框架整合了多元理论视角,从质性研究角度丰富了分娩恐惧调适理论解释,为围生期心理护理干预提供了理论依据。
本研究基于扎根理论方法,构建了初产妇分娩恐惧动态调适的理论框架,系统阐释了分娩恐惧由产生、调适动机形成、调适策略实施直至结局转归的动态过程机制。该理论框架揭示了初产妇分娩恐惧调适过程中阶段性与连续性并存的特征,丰富了围生期分娩恐惧研究的理论视角。研究结果为产科医护人员在孕早期识别初产妇分娩恐惧、理解其调适需求及制定针对性护理策略提供了理论依据,在一定程度上有助于增强初产妇的分娩自我效能,改善其生育全程照护体验。本研究样本来源于单一地区三级医院,以城市低风险初产妇为主,未纳入高危妊娠或经产妇群体,推广性有待验证,且采用单时点回顾性访谈,可能存在回忆偏倚,未能追踪同一对象从孕期到产后的完整调适轨迹。未来可开展多中心纵向研究验证理论框架的普适性,探索不同风险等级孕产妇的调适特征差异,并基于本框架开发干预方案,验证其临床效果。

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2026年第40卷第17期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.17.015
  • 接收时间:2025-12-24
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-09-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-24
  • 修回日期:2026-09-01
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    1复旦大学护理学院,上海 200032
    2复旦大学附属妇产科医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Percentage of
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属
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species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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