Article(id=1322925013812261729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924976893993108, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1759852800000, receivedDateStr=2025-10-08, revisedDate=1784995200000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793339502050, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1787587200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793339502050, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793339502050, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793339502050, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322924976893993108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='16', pageStart='2769', pageEnd='2960', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1787587200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793339493249, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343103544, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940119640047671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924976893993108, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940119640047672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322924976893993108, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2858, endPage=2863, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322925014055531362, articleId=1322925013812261729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Study on the preference of central vascular access device for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the preference for central vascular access device among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy,and to provide a basis for selecting central vascular access devices for breast cancer patients.

Methods

Using the convenient sampling method,a total of 267 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the breast surgery department of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the research subjects.A questionnaire was designed using the discrete choice experiment.A mixed Logit regression model was constructed for preference analysis.

Results

The preference attributes for central vascular access devices in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy included cost,concealment,catheterization time,and the incidence rate of complications.Different ages,educational levels,monthly income,social frequency,and surgical history of patients had different preferences for central vascular access device(all P<0.05).

Conclusions

Cost is the most concerned attribute for breast cancer patients when choosing central vascular access device.Medical staff should pay attention to the different preferences of breast cancer patients when choosing central vascular access device,and provide professional guidance to help them make decisions on central venous vascular access devices that meet their own needs,thereby improving the medical experience and quality of life.

, authors=Min XU, Dandan XU, Li WANG, Li LIU, Li ZHOU, authorsList=Min XU, Dandan XU, Li WANG, Li LIU, Li ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Dandan XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322925015129273187, articleId=1322925013812261729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=乳腺癌化疗病人中心静脉血管通路装置选择研究, columnId=1220689488938980091, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

调查乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人中心静脉血管通路装置的选择偏好,为乳腺癌病人选择中心静脉血管通路装置提供依据。

方法

采用方便抽样法,选取2023年1月—2024年3月南京鼓楼医院乳腺外科新辅助化疗病人267例为研究对象,应用离散选择实验方法设计问卷,构建混合Logit回归模型进行偏好分析。

结果

乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人中心静脉血管通路装置选择偏好属性包括费用、隐蔽性、置管时间、并发症发生率。不同年龄、文化程度、月收入、社交频率及手术史的病人对中心静脉血管通路装置选择偏好有差异(均P<0.05)。

结论

费用是乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人选择中心静脉血管通路装置最关注的属性。医护人员应关注乳腺癌病人选择中心静脉血管通路装置时的不同偏好,通过提供专业指导帮助其做出符合自身需求的中心静脉血管通路装置决策,提升就医体验及生活质量。

, authors=许敏, 许丹丹*, *, 王丽, 刘莉, 周利, authorsList=许敏, 许丹丹, 王丽, 刘莉, 周利, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=许丹丹, authorNote=

许敏,主管护师,本科

, correspAuthorsNote=
许丹丹,E-mail:
XU Dandan, E-mail:
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authorNames=中国临床肿瘤学会乳腺癌专家委员会, 中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会, 中华医学会外科学分会乳腺外科学组, journalName=中华医学杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=中国临床肿瘤学会乳腺癌专家委员会,中国抗癌协会乳腺癌专业委员会,中华医学会外科学分会乳腺外科学组.中国年轻乳腺癌诊疗专家共识(2022)[J].中华医学杂志,2023,103(6):387-403., articleTitle=中国年轻乳腺癌诊疗专家共识(2022), refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322925037350695859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=30, issue=6, pageStart=164, pageEnd=167, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=辛迎迎, 刘美凤, 于成娥, journalName=中国美容医学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=辛迎迎,刘美凤,于成娥,等.乳腺癌根治术后形体改变患者心理社会因素与生活质量的相关性分析[J].中国美容医学,2021,30(6):164-167., articleTitle=乳腺癌根治术后形体改变患者心理社会因素与生活质量的相关性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322925037753349044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2000, volume=4, issue=4, pageStart=207, pageEnd=218, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=Oakley C, Wright E, Ream E, journalName=Eur J Oncol Nurs, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Oakley C,Wright E,Ream E.The experiences of patients and nurses with a nurse-led peripherally inserted central venous catheter line service[J].Eur J Oncol Nurs,2000,4(4):207-218., articleTitle=The experiences of patients and nurses with a nurse-led peripherally inserted central venous catheter line service, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322925039405904821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=536, pageEnd=543, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=Alexandrou E, Spencer T R, Frost S A, journalName=Critical Care Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Alexandrou E,Spencer T R,Frost S A,et al.Central venous catheter placement by advanced practice nurses demonstrates low procedural complication and infection rates--a report from 13 years of service[J].Critical Care Medicine,2014,42(3):536-543., articleTitle=Central venous catheter placement by advanced practice nurses demonstrates low procedural complication and infection rates--a report from 13 years of service, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322925016760857444, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322925016777634661, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, companyId=1322925016760857444, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu 210000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322925016790217574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, companyId=1322925016760857444, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院,江苏 210000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322925026877518737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Selection of central vascular access device attributes and corresponding level

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性属性含义水平
费用单次置管费用,指植入CAVD病人需要实际支付的费用250元、1 500元、3 000元
隐蔽性日常服饰穿搭过程中CAVD植入部位的隐蔽程度,即可见性不隐蔽、相对隐蔽、非常隐蔽
维护周期CAVD植入部位定期更换输液接头、冲封管及更换敷料所需的频率全程仅维护1次或2次、每周1次、每个月1次
置管时间置管者准备物品、皮肤消毒及在彩超引导下CAVD完整地植入体内所需的时间15 min、30 min、60 min
舒适性CAVD植入体内,病人在生理和心理上的一种自我感受程度差、一般、好
并发症发生率CAVD在静脉穿刺和留置过程中可能发生的并发症发生率高(18.6%~43.0%)、中(6.4%~18.5%)、低(1.3%~6.3%)[9]
), ArticleFig(id=1322925026948821906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

选择CVAD属性及相应水平

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性属性含义水平
费用单次置管费用,指植入CAVD病人需要实际支付的费用250元、1 500元、3 000元
隐蔽性日常服饰穿搭过程中CAVD植入部位的隐蔽程度,即可见性不隐蔽、相对隐蔽、非常隐蔽
维护周期CAVD植入部位定期更换输液接头、冲封管及更换敷料所需的频率全程仅维护1次或2次、每周1次、每个月1次
置管时间置管者准备物品、皮肤消毒及在彩超引导下CAVD完整地植入体内所需的时间15 min、30 min、60 min
舒适性CAVD植入体内,病人在生理和心理上的一种自我感受程度差、一般、好
并发症发生率CAVD在静脉穿刺和留置过程中可能发生的并发症发生率高(18.6%~43.0%)、中(6.4%~18.5%)、低(1.3%~6.3%)[9]
), ArticleFig(id=1322925027028513683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Example of option set for discrete choice experiment

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属性装置A装置B
费用3 000元3 000元
隐蔽性非常隐蔽非常隐蔽
维护周期全程仅维护1次或2次每个月1次
置管时间15 min60 min
舒适性一般好
并发症发生率高(30%)低(5%)
您会选择的装置是装置A装置B
), ArticleFig(id=1322925027305337749, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

DCE选项集示例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性装置A装置B
费用3 000元3 000元
隐蔽性非常隐蔽非常隐蔽
维护周期全程仅维护1次或2次每个月1次
置管时间15 min60 min
舒适性一般好
并发症发生率高(30%)低(5%)
您会选择的装置是装置A装置B
), ArticleFig(id=1322925027380835222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Clinical information of breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy(n=267)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数构成比(%)
年龄<40岁4818.0
40~60岁18167.8
>60岁3814.2
文化程度小学及以下5922.1
初中8230.7
高中/中专6022.5
专科及以上6624.7
职业状况在职18067.4
失业无业197.1
退休6825.5
社交频率经常8531.8
偶尔14152.8
一点也不4115.4
新辅助化疗总费用1万~3万元5621.0
>3万~5万元8030.0
>5万~8万元8030.0
>8万5119.0
主要照顾者非配偶8431.5
配偶18368.5
月收入≤5 000元8531.8
5 001~<10 000元9033.7
≥10 000元9234.5
医保类型城镇职工医保10539.3
城乡居民医保7628.5
农村合作医保8431.5
全自费20.7
就医距离<15 min14554.3
15~20 min6825.5
>20~30 min2710.1
>30 min2710.1
手术史是16160.3
否10639.7
疾病分期Ⅱ期19874.2
Ⅲ期6122.8
Ⅳ期83.0
化疗周期≤4个疗程51.9
6个疗程24692.1
≥8个疗程166.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322925027666047895, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人临床资料(n=267)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类例数构成比(%)
年龄<40岁4818.0
40~60岁18167.8
>60岁3814.2
文化程度小学及以下5922.1
初中8230.7
高中/中专6022.5
专科及以上6624.7
职业状况在职18067.4
失业无业197.1
退休6825.5
社交频率经常8531.8
偶尔14152.8
一点也不4115.4
新辅助化疗总费用1万~3万元5621.0
>3万~5万元8030.0
>5万~8万元8030.0
>8万5119.0
主要照顾者非配偶8431.5
配偶18368.5
月收入≤5 000元8531.8
5 001~<10 000元9033.7
≥10 000元9234.5
医保类型城镇职工医保10539.3
城乡居民医保7628.5
农村合作医保8431.5
全自费20.7
就医距离<15 min14554.3
15~20 min6825.5
>20~30 min2710.1
>30 min2710.1
手术史是16160.3
否10639.7
疾病分期Ⅱ期19874.2
Ⅲ期6122.8
Ⅳ期83.0
化疗周期≤4个疗程51.9
6个疗程24692.1
≥8个疗程166.0
), ArticleFig(id=1322925027800265624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Mixed Logit regression analysis of CVAD selection for breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数标准误P95%CI
费用-2.5910.9840.008[-4.520,-0.662]
并发症发生率1.5830.234<0.001[1.126,2.041]
维护周期0.3100.2240.167[-0.130,0.749]
置管时间-2.4110.195<0.001[-2.972,-2.029]
隐蔽性2.4240.327<0.001[1.784,3.064]
舒适性0.0310.2280.893[-0.416,0.478]
), ArticleFig(id=1322925027871568793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人CVAD选择情况的混合Logit回归分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量回归系数标准误P95%CI
费用-2.5910.9840.008[-4.520,-0.662]
并发症发生率1.5830.234<0.001[1.126,2.041]
维护周期0.3100.2240.167[-0.130,0.749]
置管时间-2.4110.195<0.001[-2.972,-2.029]
隐蔽性2.4240.327<0.001[1.784,3.064]
舒适性0.0310.2280.893[-0.416,0.478]
), ArticleFig(id=1322925028198724506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Payment willingness for CVAD in breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性系数P支付意愿(元)95%CI
并发症发生率0.611<0.05840[0.133,1.089]
维护周期0.119>0.05163[-0.080,0.319]
置管时间-0.930<0.05-1 278[-1.615,-0.246]
隐蔽性0.936<0.051 287[0.155,1.716]
舒适性0.012>0.0516[-0.158,0.182]
), ArticleFig(id=1322925028475548571, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人CVAD的支付意愿

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
属性系数P支付意愿(元)95%CI
并发症发生率0.611<0.05840[0.133,1.089]
维护周期0.119>0.05163[-0.080,0.319]
置管时间-0.930<0.05-1 278[-1.615,-0.246]
隐蔽性0.936<0.051 287[0.155,1.716]
舒适性0.012>0.0516[-0.158,0.182]
), ArticleFig(id=1322925028551046044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Analysis of heterogeneity in CVAD selection preferences for patients with different characteristics of breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy[β(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类费用并发症发生率置管时间隐蔽性
年龄<40岁-0.930[-4.347,2.488]0.731[-0.473,1.936]-2.878[-4.729,-1.027]①2.244[1.519,2.969]①
≥40岁-4.039[-7.082,-0.996]①1.739[1.244,2.234]①-2.525[-2.937,2.112]1.997[-1.238,5.231]
文化程度高中以下-2.249[-4.244,-0.254]①1.478[0.960,1.996]①-2.390[-2.817,-1.962]①2.437[1.719,3.155]①
高中及以上-3.437[-5.729,-1.145]①1.803[1.172,2.435]①-2.514[-3.074,-1.953]①2.525[1.660,3.391]①
月收入<1万元-3.518[-6.183,-0.852]①0.972[0.173,1.772]①-2.570[-3.075,-2.066]①2.240[1.424,3.057]①
≥1万元-1.365[-5.173,2.443]1.865[1.287,2.444]①-2.220[-2.834,-1.605]①2.784[1.687,3.881]①
社交频率偶尔/一点也不-2.648[-4.557,-0.739]①1.691[1.173,2.210]①-2.435[-2.884,-1.985]①0.364[-0.365,1.093]
经常-2.550[-4.461,-0.640]①1.618[1.111,2.125]①-2.402[-2.815,-1.989]①3.548[2.867,4.230]①
手术史否-0.428[-3.874,3.018]1.402[0.716,2.087]①-0.457[-1.066,0.152]2.698[1.688,3.707]①
是-3.515[-6.233,-0.796]①1.764[1.149,2.378]①-3.498[-4.000,-2.996]①2.267[1.426,3.108]①
① P<0.05。
), ArticleFig(id=1322925028643320733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322925013812261729, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同特征乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人CVAD选择偏好异质性分析[β(95%CI)]

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类费用并发症发生率置管时间隐蔽性
年龄<40岁-0.930[-4.347,2.488]0.731[-0.473,1.936]-2.878[-4.729,-1.027]①2.244[1.519,2.969]①
≥40岁-4.039[-7.082,-0.996]①1.739[1.244,2.234]①-2.525[-2.937,2.112]1.997[-1.238,5.231]
文化程度高中以下-2.249[-4.244,-0.254]①1.478[0.960,1.996]①-2.390[-2.817,-1.962]①2.437[1.719,3.155]①
高中及以上-3.437[-5.729,-1.145]①1.803[1.172,2.435]①-2.514[-3.074,-1.953]①2.525[1.660,3.391]①
月收入<1万元-3.518[-6.183,-0.852]①0.972[0.173,1.772]①-2.570[-3.075,-2.066]①2.240[1.424,3.057]①
≥1万元-1.365[-5.173,2.443]1.865[1.287,2.444]①-2.220[-2.834,-1.605]①2.784[1.687,3.881]①
社交频率偶尔/一点也不-2.648[-4.557,-0.739]①1.691[1.173,2.210]①-2.435[-2.884,-1.985]①0.364[-0.365,1.093]
经常-2.550[-4.461,-0.640]①1.618[1.111,2.125]①-2.402[-2.815,-1.989]①3.548[2.867,4.230]①
手术史否-0.428[-3.874,3.018]1.402[0.716,2.087]①-0.457[-1.066,0.152]2.698[1.688,3.707]①
是-3.515[-6.233,-0.796]①1.764[1.149,2.378]①-3.498[-4.000,-2.996]①2.267[1.426,3.108]①
① P<0.05。
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乳腺癌化疗病人中心静脉血管通路装置选择研究
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许敏 , 许丹丹 *, * , 王丽 , 刘莉 , 周利
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(16): 2858-2863
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护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (16) : 2858 -2863
乳腺癌化疗病人中心静脉血管通路装置选择研究
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许敏, 许丹丹*, * , 王丽, 刘莉, 周利
作者信息
  • 1南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院,江苏 210000
通讯作者:
许丹丹,E-mail:
XU Dandan, E-mail:
作者简介:

许敏,主管护师,本科

Study on the preference of central vascular access device for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Min XU, Dandan XU , Li WANG, Li LIU, Li ZHOU
Affiliations
  • 1Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Jiangsu 210000 China
出版时间: 2026-08-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.013
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目的

调查乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人中心静脉血管通路装置的选择偏好,为乳腺癌病人选择中心静脉血管通路装置提供依据。

方法

采用方便抽样法,选取2023年1月—2024年3月南京鼓楼医院乳腺外科新辅助化疗病人267例为研究对象,应用离散选择实验方法设计问卷,构建混合Logit回归模型进行偏好分析。

结果

乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人中心静脉血管通路装置选择偏好属性包括费用、隐蔽性、置管时间、并发症发生率。不同年龄、文化程度、月收入、社交频率及手术史的病人对中心静脉血管通路装置选择偏好有差异(均P<0.05)。

结论

费用是乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人选择中心静脉血管通路装置最关注的属性。医护人员应关注乳腺癌病人选择中心静脉血管通路装置时的不同偏好,通过提供专业指导帮助其做出符合自身需求的中心静脉血管通路装置决策,提升就医体验及生活质量。

乳腺癌  /  中心静脉血管通路装置  /  离散选择实验  /  生活质量  /  影响因素  /  护理
Objective

To investigate the preference for central vascular access device among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy,and to provide a basis for selecting central vascular access devices for breast cancer patients.

Methods

Using the convenient sampling method,a total of 267 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the breast surgery department of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from January 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the research subjects.A questionnaire was designed using the discrete choice experiment.A mixed Logit regression model was constructed for preference analysis.

Results

The preference attributes for central vascular access devices in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy included cost,concealment,catheterization time,and the incidence rate of complications.Different ages,educational levels,monthly income,social frequency,and surgical history of patients had different preferences for central vascular access device(all P<0.05).

Conclusions

Cost is the most concerned attribute for breast cancer patients when choosing central vascular access device.Medical staff should pay attention to the different preferences of breast cancer patients when choosing central vascular access device,and provide professional guidance to help them make decisions on central venous vascular access devices that meet their own needs,thereby improving the medical experience and quality of life.

breast cancer  /  central vascular access device  /  discrete choice experiment  /  quality of life  /  influencing factors  /  nursing
许敏, 许丹丹, 王丽, 刘莉, 周利. 乳腺癌化疗病人中心静脉血管通路装置选择研究. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (16) : 2858 -2863 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.013
Min XU, Dandan XU, Li WANG, Li LIU, Li ZHOU. Study on the preference of central vascular access device for breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (16) : 2858 -2863 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.013
乳腺癌是女性发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,化疗已成为目前乳腺癌系统性治疗的重要组成部分[1],可缩小肿瘤体积并增加病人接受保乳手术的机会[2]。然而,这种治疗方式往往需要建立长期稳定的静脉通路。实践证明,中心静脉血管通路装置(central vascular access device,CVAD)在恶性肿瘤病人的长期静脉化疗中具有较好的安全性和实用性[3]。目前,临床上CVAD种类繁多,根据置管的部位不同包括可经颈部及大腿内侧置入的中心静脉导管(CVC)、经手臂置入的经外周静脉穿刺置入中心静脉导管(PICC)及经胸壁或手臂埋入皮下的完全置入式静脉输液港(PORT)等。研究显示,化疗期间乳腺癌病人的生活质量显著降低[4]。并且,不同种类的CVAD由于置管部位、体外暴露程度、维护频率等差异,对病人生活质量也存在一定影响[5]。当前医疗发展着重强调“以病人为中心”,要求尊重病人的偏好和需求,让病人的价值观引导整体的医疗决策,实现医患共同决策的过程[6]。明确乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人对CVAD的需求和偏好,帮助病人做出符合自身需求的CVAD决策,从而提高病人治疗的依从性和生活质量。在这一背景下,如何科学、准确地量化病人的CVAD选择偏好,成为亟待解决的问题之一。离散选择实验(discrete choice experiment,DCE)是卫生经济学领域的一种成熟的陈述性偏好研究方法,常用于定量分析个体化选择意愿和偏好,目前在医药卫生领域获得了系统性的应用[7]。本研究采用DCE方法分析乳腺癌病人CVAD选择偏好,以期能够为病人及医务人员提供更为精准、个性化的CVAD选择建议,从而提升病人的治疗满意度及就医体验。
采用方便抽样法,选取2023年1月—2024年3月在南京鼓楼医院乳腺外科进行新辅助化疗的病人为研究对象。纳入标准:1)符合2022版乳腺癌诊治指南与规范,病理结果确诊为乳腺癌;2)1年内拟行静脉化疗;3)接受过CVAD正规健康教育;4)年龄≥18岁;5)有一定的阅读理解和判断能力。排除标准:1)化疗方案不需置入CVAD;2)病情危重;3)认知偏差、情绪不稳定或不愿签署知情同意书;4)有中心静脉装置置入史。剔除标准:1)未完整填写问卷;2)DCE结果无效者。本研究基于Orme方程[8]确定DCE问卷的最小样本规模,计算公式为:n≥500c/ta。其中,n为最小样本量,t表示选择集数量(本研究中t=10),a代表每个选择集方案数(本研究中a=2),c指最大属性水平数(本研究中c=3)。经计算获得理论样本量≥75。为增加检验效能,本研究设计最终采用3倍基础样本量,并考虑20%无效问卷率进行样本扩增,最终发放问卷281份。本研究已经医院伦理委员会批准(编号:2023-047-01)。
研究团队经文献回顾后自行设计,问卷内容包括年龄、文化程度、职业状况、社交频率、新辅助化疗总费用、主要照护者等。
本研究基于DCE,自行设计乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人CVAD偏好选择问卷。通过文献回顾,分别获取14个属性、37个水平。经专家咨询对各项属性进行重要性评分及可行性评价后,最终确定费用、隐蔽性、维护周期、置管时间、舒适性和并发症发生率6个属性。根据PORT、PICC及CVC血管通路装置实际特性及专家咨询调整并确定各属性水平间距范围。最终确立6个属性及其对应水平,见表1。采用SPSS 22.0软件中的部分析因设计,随机生成各个水平较均衡的18组选项。为确保被调查者具有依从性,设定每个选项集包含两组选项,同时加入一个重复选择项,以检验被调查者的回答是否一致,控制问卷质量。最终形成10个DCE选项集,1种问卷,DCE选项集示例见表2。
采用线下问卷调查的方式,调查员经专业培训后进行面对面问卷发放,并在问卷调查前获取知情同意书,统一使用通俗易懂的指导语向被调查者说明研究目的、内容及填写规范和方法,问卷当场发放并回收以确保数据完整性。本研究共发放及回收问卷281份,因被调查者DCE一致性检验未通过而剔除14份无效问卷,最终纳入有效问卷267份。
质量控制是DCE研究的关键步骤,首先,在问卷设计中设置了重复选项集,查看病人在面对同一选项集时能否保证同样的选择,如果出现前后选择不一致,则视为无效问卷。其次,正式问卷调查前开展了预试验,并根据预试验结果进一步优化DCE设计和问卷调查设计。最后,重视数据收集过程中的质量控制,严格执行数据的纳入及排除标准,经系统培训的高质量调查员进行面对面沟通以确保问卷收集质量。
采用SPSS 20.0软件建立研究数据库,定性资料用频数、百分比(%)表示。采用Stata 16.0软件进行统计计算,通过对比条件Logit模型和混合Logit模型的赤池信息准则(AIC)和贝叶斯信息准则(BIC)选择最优回归模型,量化分析乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人对CVAD相关属性及水平的偏好特征,回归系数反映该因素影响乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人对CVAD各属性及水平偏好的方向和大小。以P<0.05表示属性变量有统计学意义。
调查对象均为女性;年龄28~77(50.22±10.44)岁,详细的人口学特征资料见表3。
条件Logit回归模型的AIC和BIC分别为667.609和918.717,混合Logit模型的AIC和BIC分别为583.066和633.287。混合Logit模型的拟合优度高于条件Logit模型,故最终模型选择混合Logit模型。以被调查者对CVAD的选择情况为因变量(选择=1,不选择=0),将6个属性作为自变量,构建混合Logit模型对乳腺癌病人CVAD选择偏好进行分析,自变量赋值情况为:费用,250元=0,1 500元=1,3 000元=2;隐蔽性,不隐蔽=0,相对隐蔽=1,非常隐蔽=2;维护周期,全程仅维护1次或2次=0,每周1次=1,每个月1次=2;置管时间,15 min=0,30 min=1,60 min=2;舒适性,差=0,一般=1,好=2;并发症发生率,高=0,中=1,低=2。结果显示,费用、置管时间、隐蔽性及并发症发生率4个属性水平影响被调查者的选择偏好,见表4。
各属性水平系数与费用属性系数的负数之比应用混合Logit模型计算得出,支付意愿运用Stata软件中的wtp命令得出。结果显示,在控制其他变量后,病人对置管时间、并发症发生率和隐蔽性不同水平均表现出不同的支付意愿。为增加装置的隐蔽性,病人更愿意支付1 287元;为减少输液装置的并发症发生率,病人更愿意支付840元,详见表5。
应用混合Logit回归分析,不同特征乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人对CVAD方案的选择偏好异质性结果见表6。
本研究发现,在乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人选择CVAD的过程中,费用在所有考量属性中占首要位置,说明乳腺癌病人倾向于选择成本效益更高的CVAD方案,这一发现与既往关于乳腺癌病人CVAD的偏好和支付意愿的研究结果[10-11]一致。随着新型治疗方式和药物的不断涌现,癌症治疗费用持续攀升,给病人及其家庭带来了沉重的经济压力[12]。相关研究指出,在治疗过程中,所选择的辅助治疗手段均在一定程度上加重了病人的经济负担[13]。同时,一项对乳腺癌病人应对经济毒性困境的研究表明,乳腺癌病人面临成本沟通困境[14]。因此,医务人员更应与病人积极进行成本沟通,为病人提供全面、准确的费用信息与医保等支持资源,从而帮助其在化疗过程中做出更适合自己的治疗方案决策。此外,医护人员应积极为病人提供自我管理支持,包括鼓励病人积极参与治疗决策、指导其合理使用药物、倡导积极的生活方式变化等,以帮助病人更好地控制疾病进程,同时减少不必要的治疗次数和费用[15]。这些措施将有助于病人在有限的医疗资源条件下,做出更为合理和经济的CVAD选择。
本研究结果显示,在控制其他变量的情况下,随着置管术时间增加,乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人对该方案的支付意愿会显著下降,同时置管时间是影响其偏好的重要属性之一。表明置管手术时间越长,病人对该CVAD置管方案的选择意愿越低。手术时间不仅是一个单纯的时长概念,还与病人的就医体验、治疗预期等多方面因素紧密相关。中心静脉穿刺置管术前,病人普遍对导管的未知存在恐惧心理[16],同时由于该手术采用局部麻醉,病人在意识清醒的状态下直视整个置管操作过程,而置管的穿刺针又超出病人对一般静脉输液针头的认知范畴,这些因素共同加重了病人对置管的恐惧。本研究结果显示,病人的年龄、文化程度、月收入、社交频率、手术史均对其置管选择偏好有影响。有研究显示,置管恐惧心理与文化程度密切相关[17]。因此,在置管操作前,护理人员应结合病人的年龄特征、文化程度、生活地域及社会文化背景等因素,针对病人对导管未知的恐惧,制定并实施个性化健康宣教方案。既往研究表明,术前信息支持能够给予病人足够的心理支持,有效降低因恐惧手术带来的焦虑情绪[18]。针对文化程度低的病人,护理人员可采取渐进式的健康宣教方式,进行分次沟通,必要时开展心理危机干预[19],加强心理沟通,提高其心理韧性和接受能力,帮助其更好地应对CVAD手术。
近年来,乳腺癌患病人群趋于年轻化,1999—2017年,40岁以下确诊乳腺癌的病人比例从11.4%增加到16.4%[20]。相较于年长病人,年轻乳腺癌病人对自我形象的维护具有更高诉求,这种特殊需求与病耻感形成密切的交互关系。研究显示,乳腺作为女性性别特征的重要载体,其病变带来的形体改变易引发“不完整女性”的负性认知[21],而外置医疗装置可能强化这种病耻体验。本研究发现,年龄<40岁、社交频率高的乳腺癌病人,对CAVD隐蔽性的偏好更为强烈。究其原因,可能是年轻病人正处于职业发展黄金期和社交活跃期,外露导管及置管瘢痕可能被视为“疾病标签”,影响其社会角色扮演[22]。如果在病人的身体上使用外部可见的设备,可能会降低病人的自我形象,日常生活受到影响[22]。因此,应充分关注乳腺癌病人的自我形象管理需求,重视高病耻感人群对完全植入式装置的偏好,切实满足病人心理需求,助力病人更好地融入社会。向病人提供器械选择和咨询服务,通过3D解剖模型演示等可视化手段,帮助病人理解不同装置的美学差异。临床实践中可以先通过标准化的病耻感量表对病人开展差异化的需求评估,然后结合社会支持系统,为病人制定个性化的“生理-心理”双轨治疗方案。
本研究结果还显示,乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人更倾向选择并发症发生率较低的CVAD,为减少输液装置的并发症发生率,病人更愿意支付840元。可能是因为在CVAD置管过程中病人对不良结局的担忧,包括对穿刺失败以及导管相关并发症的惧怕[16],病人对并发症发生的恐惧伴随整个置管流程,如何减少甚至避免导管相关并发症非常重要。Liu等[10]研究表明,乳腺癌病人在选择CVAD时主要关注导管相关血栓风险和导管相关感染风险。Alexandrou等[23]开展的一项为期13年的观察性研究证实,具备专业资质的人员进行CAVD置入,不仅能够提高穿刺成功率,有效降低并发症发生率,还能提升医护人员的工作效率。此外,《CAVD安全管理专家共识(2019版)》[3]也明确指出,设定医护人员使用和维护CAVD的核心能力评价指标,通过程序化模拟训练提高培训质量,这些举措均能有效减少导管相关并发症发生率。因此,提升乳腺外科医护人员的CVAD置管技术是降低并发症发生率、满足病人实际需求、提升病人就医体验的关键。通过提高医护人员的专业技术水平,能够一定程度上缓解病人对置管的恐惧心理,使病人更加积极地配合治疗,从而为乳腺癌新辅助化疗的顺利开展奠定坚实基础。
本研究结果提供了乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人CVAD治疗及护理方案的决策依据,采用DCE方法探讨乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人CVAD的选择偏好,费用是影响其CVAD选择偏好的首要因素。提示医务人员要重视乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人在CVAD上的内在需求,进行全面、细致的成本沟通,做好置管手术相关健康教育,提升病人认知;同时提升置管技术,降低并发症发生率。本研究局限性为单中心研究,样本量较少,结果仅能代表本地区的乳腺癌新辅助化疗病人的CVAD选择偏好,未来期待更多样本量更大、地区更广泛的多中心研究验证结果。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.16.013
  • 接收时间:2025-10-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-10-08
  • 修回日期:2026-07-26
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    1南京大学医学院附属鼓楼医院,江苏 210000

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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genus
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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