Article(id=1322929495862288759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.024, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1765209600000, receivedDateStr=2025-12-09, revisedDate=1783008000000, revisedDateStr=2026-07-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340570654, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340570654, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340570654, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340570654, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322929431592972373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='15', pageStart='2577', pageEnd='2768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793340555332, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343107287, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2747, endPage=2752, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322929496189444473, articleId=1322929495862288759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Application progress on microbiomics in nursing research, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This article reviewed the research progress on microbiomics in nursing research,focusing on its potential and application examples in maternal and infant care,digestive system disease care,respiratory system care,skin and wound care,and cancer and immune-related disease care.It also pointed out the existing limitations and provided prospects,with the aim of providing reference for nursing researchers in future scientific research on the use of microbiomics.

, authors=Yinhu TAN, Yixuan LIU, Yuhe XUE, Ting JIN, Ruyue ZHOU, Weixia YU, Xiuling ZHOU, authorsList=Yinhu TAN, Yixuan LIU, Yuhe XUE, Ting JIN, Ruyue ZHOU, Weixia YU, Xiuling ZHOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiuling ZHOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322929498206904699, articleId=1322929495862288759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=微生物组学在护理研究中的应用进展, columnId=1220689485482873504, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

通过综述微生物组学在护理研究中的研究进展,重点探讨其在母婴护理、消化系统疾病护理、呼吸系统护理、皮肤与创面护理、肿瘤及免疫相关疾病护理中的潜力及应用实例,分析现有局限并进行展望,以期为护理研究人员在未来科学研究中使用微生物组学提供参考。

, authors=谭寅虎, 刘祎璇, 薛玉荷, 靳婷, 周如月, 余伟霞, 周秀玲*, *, *, authorsList=谭寅虎, 刘祎璇, 薛玉荷, 靳婷, 周如月, 余伟霞, 周秀玲, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=周秀玲, authorNote=

谭寅虎,护师,博士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
周秀玲,E-mail:
ZHOU Xiuling, E-mail:
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谭寅虎,护师,博士研究生在读

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微生物组学在护理研究中的应用进展
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谭寅虎 , 刘祎璇 , 薛玉荷 , 靳婷 , 周如月 , 余伟霞 , 周秀玲 *, *, *
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(15): 2747-2752
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (15) : 2747 -2752
微生物组学在护理研究中的应用进展
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谭寅虎, 刘祎璇, 薛玉荷, 靳婷, 周如月, 余伟霞, 周秀玲*, *, *
作者信息
  • 1长春中医药大学护理学院,吉林 130117
通讯作者:
周秀玲,E-mail:
ZHOU Xiuling, E-mail:
作者简介:

谭寅虎,护师,博士研究生在读

Application progress on microbiomics in nursing research
Yinhu TAN, Yixuan LIU, Yuhe XUE, Ting JIN, Ruyue ZHOU, Weixia YU, Xiuling ZHOU
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Jilin 130117 China
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.024
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通过综述微生物组学在护理研究中的研究进展,重点探讨其在母婴护理、消化系统疾病护理、呼吸系统护理、皮肤与创面护理、肿瘤及免疫相关疾病护理中的潜力及应用实例,分析现有局限并进行展望,以期为护理研究人员在未来科学研究中使用微生物组学提供参考。

微生物组学  /  宏基因组  /  护理研究  /  综述

This article reviewed the research progress on microbiomics in nursing research,focusing on its potential and application examples in maternal and infant care,digestive system disease care,respiratory system care,skin and wound care,and cancer and immune-related disease care.It also pointed out the existing limitations and provided prospects,with the aim of providing reference for nursing researchers in future scientific research on the use of microbiomics.

microbiomics  /  metagenomics  /  nursing research  /  review
谭寅虎, 刘祎璇, 薛玉荷, 靳婷, 周如月, 余伟霞, 周秀玲. 微生物组学在护理研究中的应用进展. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2747 -2752 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.024
Yinhu TAN, Yixuan LIU, Yuhe XUE, Ting JIN, Ruyue ZHOU, Weixia YU, Xiuling ZHOU. Application progress on microbiomics in nursing research[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2747 -2752 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.024
人体微生物组是定植于肠道、皮肤、口腔和生殖道等部位的大量微生物及其基因总和,与机体营养代谢、黏膜屏障及免疫稳态密切相关,其组成和功能的失衡已被证实与胃癌、肥胖等多种慢性病的发展有关[1-2]。随着高通量测序和生物信息学技术的迅速发展,肠道微生态等微生物组研究技术不断完善,研究逐渐从菌群结构的描述转向功能通路与宿主表型的综合解析,为从微生态层面认识疾病机制和干预靶点提供了新的工具[3]。近年来,国内陆续有研究将微生物组学指标引入护理或护理相关研究情境。例如,家庭参与式综合管理可提高新生儿重症监护室(neonatal intensive care unit,NICU)早产儿肠道菌群的丰富度和多样性,使其分布更接近母乳喂养足月儿[4];“1M3S”护理管理模式联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术有助于降低原发性肝癌病人血清内毒素水平,并减轻肠道菌群失衡[5];基于马斯洛需求理论的综合护理干预则被证实可以改善糖尿病肾病病人的肠道微生态、代谢指标及心理状态[6]。国外学者从研究设计、标本采集和数据分析等方面对护理主导的微生物组研究提出了系统建议,为规范开展相关研究提供了方法学参考[7]。但目前微生物组学在不同照护情景下的护理研究仍相对分散,尚缺乏从护理视角对相关证据进行归纳与述评。基于此,本研究通过综述微生物组学在护理研究中的应用进展,分析现存不足,为今后开展以微生态为切入点的护理研究及临床实践提供参考。
早期的人体微生态研究主要依赖厌氧培养、选择性培养基和显微镜等传统微生物学方法,只能获得少数可培养菌株,难以全面反映复杂微生物群落的多样性和真实结构[8]。随着二代高通量测序技术的发展,16S rRNA基因扩增测序逐渐成为研究肠道等部位微生物群落的基础工具,在无需培养的前提下即可分析样本中细菌的分类组成和α/β多样性[9-10]。2007年起,美国国立卫生研究院启动人类微生物组计划(human microbiome project,HMP),在数百名健康志愿者多个体位系统开展16S rRNA和宏基因组测序,首次描绘了健康人多部位微生物组的结构特征与功能,被广泛认为是微生物组学发展进程中的里程碑[11-12]。在此基础上,受人类微生物组计划等大型项目推动,宏基因组鸟枪测序(shotgun metagenomics)迅速发展,相比仅针对细菌16S rRNA的扩增测序,宏基因组测序对样本中全部微生物脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)进行非靶向测序,能够在物种乃至菌株水平获得更高的分类分辨率,并同时解析抗性基因、代谢通路等功能信息,因此在探索微生物组与宿主代谢、药物反应及疾病机制关系方面具有明显优势[13-14]。随着测序成本进一步下降和生物信息学方法的完善,研究者在宏基因组的基础上逐步引入宏转录组学、蛋白质组学和代谢组学等多种技术,通过多组学联合分析微生物的遗传潜力、转录活性、蛋白表达和代谢产物谱[15-16]。近年还出现了基于长读长测序、单细胞测序和空间组学等新技术[17],用于提高菌株分辨率、解析菌群内部异质性及其微环境信息,配合规范化的数据分析流程和最佳实践指南,使微生物组学技术体系日趋成熟和标准化。
从研究设计角度看,护理相关的微生物组学研究目前仍以探索性观察研究为主,干预性研究尚处于起步阶段。主要体现在以下几类应用形式。其一,将微生物组指标作为暴露或结局变量,用于描述不同照护情景下微生态特征及其与症状、功能状态或护理结局的关联,多采用横断面或前瞻性队列设计,结合16S rRNA基因扩增测序或宏基因组测序分析微生物多样性和优势菌群丰度[18-19]。其二,将微生物组视为护理干预或照护模式的生物学结局和潜在中介变量,在护理管理模式、家庭参与式照护、心理与生活方式干预等研究中,同时观察肠道或皮肤微生态变化及临床结局,评估护理措施是否可能通过调节微生态,改善症状或功能,此类研究多为小样本类试验研究或随机对照试验[4,20]。其三,在老年与长期照护、压力性损伤预防及医院感染管理等领域,微生物组被用作风险分层和预后评估的候选生物标志物,例如有研究通过随访皮肤微生物组成与局部生理指标,探索压力性损伤复发的危险因素,或描绘养老机构老年人肠道菌群与虚弱、耐药菌定植的关系,为制订个体化护理策略提供依据[21-22]。其四,一些护理学者还围绕护理人群和照护环境的微生物组开展研究,如比较医务人员与普通人群肠道菌群及耐药基因谱,或描绘重症监护病房环境表面微生物多样性,以评估职业暴露和环境管理对健康及院感控制的影响[23-24]。
此外,也有多位学者对护理科学中的微生物组学展开思考。Maki等[7]从护理视角总结了微生物组研究设计中需要重点考虑的要素,包括明确研究问题和微生物组在其中所处的角色、合理选择样本类型和采样时间点、在设计阶段充分控制饮食、药物、护理措施等混杂因素,并在统计分析中综合α/β多样性、特定菌群和功能通路等指标。Joseph等[25]研究则指出,微生物组学可以嵌入传统的症状评估、护理干预试验和队列随访之中,用于丰富生物学层面的信息,而无须完全改变护理研究的整体框架。国内学者也强调,在多组学视角下,微生物组学因检测技术相对成熟,与饮食、喂养、皮肤护理等照护行为联系紧密,是当前临床护理研究中拥有潜力的一类组学指标,可作为评估护理干预机制和优化护理方案的重要工具[26]。
在母婴护理领域,微生物组学研究逐渐将关注点从单纯描述母婴菌群差异,转向探索由护理人员实施或主导的护理措施如何直接影响母体与婴儿的微生态。最具代表性的干预之一是持续皮肤接触(skin-to-skin contact,SSC)。在荷兰开展的一项随机对照试验中,Eckermann等[27]将116名孕妇随机分为持续皮肤接触组及常规护理组。研究者在婴儿出生后2、5、52周采集粪便并进行16S rRNA测序,结果显示,持续皮肤接触组婴儿肠道微生物群的整体组成和功能预测通路显著不同,尤其表现为早期菌群波动性较低、发育更为稳定。在新生儿重症监护室,袋鼠式护理(kangaroo mother care,KMC)同样展示了对婴儿微生态的重要影响。印度的一项前瞻性试点研究纳入极早产儿,在袋鼠式护理实施前后采集婴儿皮肤拭子并进行16S rRNA测序,结果显示,袋鼠式护理后婴儿皮肤微生物群结构发生显著变化,致病细菌菌数减少[28]。因此,袋鼠式护理可能通过调节皮肤微生态降低皮肤相关感染风险。此外,Yu等[29]开展的随机对照试验在我国早产儿母亲中实施每日放松冥想音频的减压干预,1周和8周随访时分别采集母亲粪便、乳汁和婴儿粪便进行16S rRNA测序,结果显示,干预组母亲肠道微生物群整体结构与对照组不同,乳汁中双歧杆菌相对丰度升高,而婴儿肠道菌群α多样性显著增加。总体来看,母婴护理措施本身不仅改善传统临床指标,还能影响母体与婴儿的微生态。因此,在未来的护理实践中,有必要探索将菌群检测作为评估高危母婴及护理效果的补充工具,以实现基于微生物组学的精准母婴护理。
在消化系统疾病护理领域,微生物组学相关的护理研究进展主要体现在炎症性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease,IBD)、肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)以及重症病人肠内营养管理3个方向。
Bamola等[30]开展随机双盲安慰剂对照试验,在常规药物治疗的基础上加用益生菌(Bacillus clausii UBBC-07)4周,通过16S rRNA测序和血清细胞因子分析发现,该益生菌可以显著调节炎症性肠病病人的肠道菌群组成,并改变多种炎症相关细胞因子水平且病人心理指标得到改善。
Wu等[31]将护士主导的个体化自我管理干预试验中嵌套多组学研究,通过前后对照收集粪便和血液样本,联合16S rRNA微生物组和宿主转录组,利用网络分析发现,腹痛等症状缓解与干预措施影响了微生物适应模块有关。
Ni等[32]对重症监护室(intensive care unit,ICU)接受肠内营养的病人按是否发生肠内营养相关性腹泻分组,采集粪便进行16S rRNA测序,发现腹泻组肠道菌群丰度及多样性显著下降,且与多条免疫和代谢相关通路异常有关,提示重症监护室护理中应将肠道微生态失衡视为肠内营养相关腹泻和感染风险评估的一部分,并为今后基于微生物组的个体化营养护理与益生菌干预设计提供了生物学依据。
综上所述,在消化系统疾病护理研究中,微生物组学既被作为护理干预的作用机制与疗效评价工具,也逐渐嵌入重症营养、腹泻风险评估等护理决策过程中,为构建个体化护理策略提供了可验证的证据基础。
在呼吸系统疾病护理领域,Zhou等[33]在一项前瞻性队列研究中,对62例接受机械通气的重症监护室病人分别在插管48 h内和第7天采集支气管肺泡灌洗液和粪便,采用16S rRNA测序分析肺和肠道微生物组,发现与幸存者相比,28 d死亡者的肺部微生物多样性明显下降,且肺部菌群中来自肠道的比例更高,提示微生物多样性和肠源菌丰度可作为评估呼吸衰竭病人病情的重要生物标志物。
Alagna等[34]基于一项多中心前瞻性研究,对因非肺部原因插管的机械通气病人,在插管时和第3天采集气管分泌物,进行16S rRNA测序比较1周内发生呼吸机相关性肺炎(ventilator associated pneumonia,VAP)与未发生病人的上呼吸道微生物组变化,结果显示,呼吸机相关性肺炎组在早期即表现出α多样性降低和致病菌属优势定植,为护理中早期识别高危病人和加强口腔与气道护理提供了微生物学依据。
Karimi等[35]在伊朗3所医院神经科重症监护室开展的多中心、双盲随机对照试验中,将200例机械通气病人随机分配为监督下的口腔护理方案组与常规护理组,两组7 d内呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率分别为5%和64%,监督下的口腔护理干预将呼吸机相关性肺炎风险降低了97%,证明由护士执行并被持续督导的口腔护理方案在预防呼吸机相关性肺炎方面极为关键,虽未做微生物测序,但研究设计明确是建立在口腔细菌与呼吸机相关性肺炎相关这一基础之上。
综上所述,微生物组学为重症呼吸系统疾病的风险评估、护理干预设计和监测提供了客观依据,并强化了护士在呼吸机相关性肺炎预防和抗菌药物管理中的核心角色。
在皮肤与创面护理领域,微生物组学研究正将传统的单一致病菌感染观念转向创面微生态失衡的整体视角。
Wolcott等[36]对2 963例慢性创面(包括糖尿病足溃疡、静脉性溃疡等)进行16S rRNA高通量测序,发现绝大多数创面存在由多种需氧和厌氧菌共同组成的多菌种群落,不同愈合结局之间的菌群多样性和优势菌比例存在显著差异,为护理人员基于“微生态状态”评估感染风险和调整清创、敷料方案提供了客观依据。
Dunyach-Remy等[37]在脊髓损伤病人中对压力性损伤进行了前瞻性随访,应用16S rRNA测序比较基线与28 d创面组织的菌群变化,结果显示,厌氧球菌属、芬戈尔德菌属等厌氧菌在愈合停滞或恶化的压力性损伤中丰度显著升高,而变形杆菌属、摩根菌属仅在预后不良组28 d样本中检出,提示持续富集特定厌氧菌群可作为护理评估压力性损伤预后及早期干预的潜在生物标志。
Chen等[38]在大鼠压力性损伤模型中使用湿润暴露烧伤膏,联合16S rRNA测序分析创面愈合过程中微生物环境的变化,发现随着创面修复推进,局部菌群结构发生明显重塑,证明局部外用制剂可以通过调节创面微环境与微生态而发挥促进愈合的作用,为在护理干预效果评价中引入菌群结局指标提供了实验依据。
这些研究证明,在临床护理实践中,将创面采样与微生物组检测纳入常规评估,有助于更早识别高危创面,个体化选择抗菌敷料、调整清创频次,并为开发以微生态调节为靶点的新型皮肤与创面护理策略提供了循证基础。
在肿瘤化疗相关腹泻管理方面,Mohebian等[39]在66例结直肠癌病人中开展三臂随机对照试验,将病人分为常规治疗+酸奶+益生菌组、常规治疗+酸奶组和常规治疗对照组,结果显示,干预后7 d内酸奶+益生菌组的排便次数、腹泻严重度以及大便性状均明显优于对照组,提示通过补充多菌株乳酸杆菌和双歧杆菌改善肠道微生态,可在标准止泻药基础上进一步减轻化疗相关腹泻严重程度并改善生活质量,为肿瘤科护士在饮食指导、益生菌辅助用药及居家自我管理教育中提供了循证依据。
在接受免疫检查点抑制剂治疗的晚期肿瘤病人中,Chang等[40]在治疗前采集74例病人粪便,采用16S rRNA测序分析肠道菌群,发现基线肠道菌群α多样性处于健康范围内的病人,中位总生存期为18.9个月,显著长于多样性异常组的8.2个月,且普氏菌和普氏栖粪杆菌丰度增加与预后较好相关,提示肠道微生态状态可作为免疫治疗预后评估的重要生物标志物,为护理人员在免疫治疗前进行营养评估、肠道功能评估以及健康教育提供了具体目标。
综上所述,对肿瘤病人进行规范的症状监测、饮食与益生菌干预、用药史与抗生素使用的系统评估,并在条件允许时配合肠道微生物组检测,有望帮助护士更早识别高危人群,个体化制定支持治疗和健康教育方案。
近年来,对心理健康与认知功能的关注逐渐转向“肠-脑-微生物组”轴(gut-brain-microbiota Axis,GBA)。一项基于约268名老年人的队列研究通过粪便16S rRNA测序结合机器学习模型分析发现,老年人的肠道菌群结构与认知功能和抑郁症状存在关联,菌群多样性、双歧杆菌相对丰度较低与当前认知能力较低有关,γ-氨基丁酸降解较大与当前抑郁严重程度相关[41]。Kim等[42]对社区居住老年人进行了一项多中心随机对照试验表明,补充益生菌后其肠道微生物群发生变化,同时在认知功能和情绪状态量表上也有改善。虽然目前尚无标准化护理干预的大规模随机对照试验,但这些初步证据为护理中将肠道微生态作为评估与干预目标提供了可能性。从护理学角度来看,护士可以在护理评估中考虑纳入肠道健康与饮食指导,对认知、抑郁、睡眠、便秘等常见问题进行综合管理,并在可能条件下配合简单的肠道菌群监测,尤其是在养老院、社区护理、慢性病管理中,这种包含客观指标的综合护理路径或将成为未来趋势。
尽管微生物组学为护理研究带来了新的生物学视角和客观指标,但目前的证据体系仍存在多方面不足。首先,不同研究人群在疾病严重程度、合并症、饮食结构、药物使用以及生活方式上的高度异质性,使得肠道、口腔或皮肤微生态变化易受到多重混杂因素影响,降低了研究结果的普适性。第二,微生物组测序技术与分析流程缺乏统一标准也是当前的重要局限。不同研究使用的测序平台、扩增区域、分析数据库、质量控制流程及统计方法差异明显,导致同一疾病或护理干预相关的“特征菌”结果常常缺乏一致性,不利于在护理领域形成稳定、可靠的证据。第三,现有研究对微生物组功能层面的探讨相对不足,多停留在菌群组成描述上,缺乏宏基因组、代谢组等功能组学的深入整合,使护理人员难以从机制层面理解护理措施为何会影响微生物组及临床结局。第四,真正以护理措施为核心干预并以微生物组作为评估指标的研究仍然稀缺。目前多数证据源于医学、营养学或生物医学主导的研究,护理研究者开展的干预,如营养护理、口腔护理、皮肤护理、心理支持、睡眠管理、健康教育、自我管理等,很少与微生物组检测相结合,仍需加以关注。同时,护理领域所关注的症状,例如疼痛、睡眠、情绪、疲乏等本身受到心理、行为和社会因素多重影响,但现有研究对这些因素与微生态之间的互动机制缺乏系统性探索。最后,在护理实践转化方面,也存在成本、可及性、伦理等现实问题。微生物组检测费用高、周期长,尚不适用于常规护理评估。此外,护士在微生物组学知识、数据解释与跨学科合作方面的知识和培训仍相对不足,限制了新技术在临床护理中的深度应用。
微生物组学虽为护理研究与实践带来了巨大潜力,但现在仍处于初级阶段。未来护理学应开展更多由护士主导的、多中心、长期随访的干预研究,系统评估不同护理措施对微生物组及临床结局的影响。同时,有必要建立标准化的微生物组采样、检测与解读流程,并探索利用人工智能整合微生物组、生理指标和行为数据,发展个体化护理模型。尤为重要的是,需要通过加强跨学科合作与提升护士的组学素养,微生物组学才有望真正融入精准护理,为疾病预防、症状管理和健康促进提供新的证据基础。
微生物组学在护理学科中为个性化护理和精准健康管理提供了新的视角,但现阶段仍面临研究设计不规范、技术标准化不足、跨学科合作薄弱等挑战。未来的研究应聚焦建立更加统一的研究框架、规范化的微生物组数据分析流程,并推动护理学者与其他学科的深度合作,以促进微生物组学在护理实践中的广泛应用。同时,护理人员的微生物组学知识普及和技能提升,将是推动这一领域发展的关键因素。

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2026年第40卷第15期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.024
  • 接收时间:2025-12-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-12-09
  • 修回日期:2026-07-03
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    1长春中医药大学护理学院,吉林 130117

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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