Article(id=1322929567501001400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754496000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-07, revisedDate=1778169600000, revisedDateStr=2026-05-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340587734, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1786291200000, pubDateStr=2026-08-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340587734, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340587734, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340587734, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322929431592972373, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='15', pageStart='2577', pageEnd='2768', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1786291200000', pubDateStr='2026-08-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793340555332, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343107287, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940135335145744, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929431592972373, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2623, endPage=2628, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322929569476518586, articleId=1322929567501001400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Relationship between interoceptive sensitivity and impaired fasting glucose in early pregnancy, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the relationship between interoceptive sensitivity and impaired fasting glucose(IFG) in early pregnancy.

Methods

A cross-sectional study method was conducted.A total of 233 pregnant women who established their prenatal records in the first trimester in Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were selected as the research subjects.Their demographic,clinical,obstetric,and nutritional data were collected.Interoceptive sensitivity was assessed by using the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness,version 2(MAIA-2).Participants were divided into an impaired fasting glucose group and a normal blood glucose group based on their fasting blood glucose levels.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between interoceptive sensitivity in early pregnancy and impaired fasting glucose.

Results

The incidence of impaired fasting glucose in 233 pregnant women was 18.0%(42 cases).After adjusting for relevant confounding factors,the multivariable Logistic regression analysis results showed that interoceptive sensitivity was an independent protective factor against impaired fasting glucose in early pregnancy(OR=0.520,95%CI 0.275-0.984,P=0.044).

Conclusions

Higher interoceptive sensitivity in early pregnancy has a protective effect against impaired fasting glucose.This finding suggests that enhancing interoceptive sensitivity in pregnant women may be a potential new target for the prevention and management of abnormal fasting glucose in early pregnancy.

, authors=Bin LIU1, Qianqian TIAN1, Xiaohan TAN1, Jun LIU2, Minhua DING2, Xiaohua WANG1, Wei ZHANG2, authorsList=Bin LIU, Qianqian TIAN, Xiaohan TAN, Jun LIU, Minhua DING, Xiaohua WANG, Wei ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Wei ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322929569812062908, articleId=1322929567501001400, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=孕妇孕早期内感受敏感性与空腹血糖受损的关系, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨孕妇孕早期内感受敏感性与空腹血糖受损(IFG)的关系。

方法

采用横断面研究方法,选取于无锡市妇幼保健院孕早期建档的233名孕妇为研究对象,收集其人口学资料、临床及产科相关资料及营养学资料等,应用多维度内感受意识问卷-2收集内感受敏感性资料。根据空腹血糖水平将孕妇分为空腹血糖受损组与血糖正常组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨孕早期孕妇内感受敏感性与空腹血糖受损的关系。

结果

233名孕妇空腹血糖受损发生率为18.0%(42人)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,校正相关混杂因素后,内感受敏感性是孕妇孕早期空腹血糖受损的独立保护因素[OR=0.520,95%CI(0.275,0.984),P=0.044]。

结论

孕妇孕早期较高的内感受敏感性对空腹血糖受损具有保护作用,提示提升孕妇的内感受敏感性可能为预防和管理孕妇妊娠早期空腹血糖异常提供一个潜在的新靶点。

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刘彬,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
张薇,E-mail:
ZHANG Wei, E-mail:
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adults:a systematic literature review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929587654632219, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=44, issue=6, pageStart=544, pageEnd=548, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=31, rfOrder=30, authorNames=钟无限, 毛帅, 蓝航莲, journalName=营养学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=钟无限,毛帅,蓝航莲,等.应用中国孕期膳食平衡指数评价10城市孕妇膳食质量[J].营养学报,2022,44(6):544-548., articleTitle=应用中国孕期膳食平衡指数评价10城市孕妇膳食质量, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929587985982236, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=40, issue=12, pageStart=5710, pageEnd=5717, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=32, rfOrder=31, authorNames=Liu M Y, Liu C Z, Zhang Z X, journalName=Clinical Nutrition, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Liu M Y,Liu C Z,Zhang Z X,et al.Quantity and variety of food groups consumption and the risk of diabetes in adults:a prospective cohort study[J].Clinical Nutrition,2021,40(12):5710-5717., articleTitle=Quantity and variety of food groups consumption and the risk of diabetes in adults:a prospective cohort study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929588082451229, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=14, issue=null, pageStart=25145, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=Mokhtari Z, Abdollahzad H, Rezaeian S, journalName=Scientific Reports, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Mokhtari Z,Abdollahzad H,Rezaeian S,et al.International dietary quality index and its association with diabetes in RaNCD cohort study[J].Scientific Reports,2024,14:25145., articleTitle=International dietary quality index and its association with diabetes in RaNCD cohort study, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929588153754398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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unstructuredReference=杨旭博,滕越,姜珊,等.妊娠期糖尿病高危孕妇孕前体质指数与孕早期糖脂代谢的关系[J].卫生研究,2023,52(2):193-197;212., articleTitle=妊娠期糖尿病高危孕妇孕前体质指数与孕早期糖脂代谢的关系, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929588451549984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=404, issue=10448, pageStart=158, pageEnd=174, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=Hivert M F, Backman H, Benhalima K, journalName=The Lancet, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Hivert M F,Backman H,Benhalima K,et al.Pathophysiology from preconception,during pregnancy,and beyond[J].The Lancet,2024,404(10448):158-174., articleTitle=Pathophysiology from preconception,during pregnancy,and beyond, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322929588535436065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=349, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=Zhang C, Tobias D K, Chavarro J E, journalName=BMJ, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Zhang C,Tobias D K,Chavarro J E,et al.Adherence to healthy lifestyle and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus:prospective cohort study[J].BMJ,2014,349:g5450., articleTitle=Adherence to healthy lifestyle and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus:prospective cohort study, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322929570088886975, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322929570348933824, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, companyId=1322929570088886975, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215600 China), 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postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2无锡市妇幼保健院)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322929580163605234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of interoceptive sensitivity in early pregnancy between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总体(n=233)正常组(n=191)空腹血糖受损组(n=42)统计值(正常组与空腹血糖受损组比较)P
MAIA-2总均分2.7±0.82.7±0.82.4±0.9t=2.3970.017
不分心分量表均分3.4±1.33.7(2.5,4.3)3.3(2.5,4.5)Z=-0.5990.549
不担心分量表均分2.5±0.92.5±0.92.5±0.8t=0.1000.920
注意调节分量表均分2.3±1.42.4±1.42.1±1.4t=1.0440.297
情绪觉察分量表均分2.7±1.52.8±1.42.3±1.6t=2.0500.042
自我调节分量表均分2.5±1.42.8(1.5,3.8)1.8(1.0,2.8)Z=2.6120.009
躯体聆听分量表均分2.1±1.42.2±1.41.8±1.5t=1.7220.086
信任分量表均分2.8±1.62.9±1.52.2±1.6t=2.3590.019
), ArticleFig(id=1322929580251685619, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组孕妇孕早期内感受敏感性比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目总体(n=233)正常组(n=191)空腹血糖受损组(n=42)统计值(正常组与空腹血糖受损组比较)P
MAIA-2总均分2.7±0.82.7±0.82.4±0.9t=2.3970.017
不分心分量表均分3.4±1.33.7(2.5,4.3)3.3(2.5,4.5)Z=-0.5990.549
不担心分量表均分2.5±0.92.5±0.92.5±0.8t=0.1000.920
注意调节分量表均分2.3±1.42.4±1.42.1±1.4t=1.0440.297
情绪觉察分量表均分2.7±1.52.8±1.42.3±1.6t=2.0500.042
自我调节分量表均分2.5±1.42.8(1.5,3.8)1.8(1.0,2.8)Z=2.6120.009
躯体聆听分量表均分2.1±1.42.2±1.41.8±1.5t=1.7220.086
信任分量表均分2.8±1.62.9±1.52.2±1.6t=2.3590.019
), ArticleFig(id=1322929580507538164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of general information and related indicators between the two groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类总体(n=233)正常组(n=191)空腹血糖受损组(n=42)统计值(两组比较)P
年龄(岁)30.6±4.330.6±4.230.6±4.5t=-0.0450.964
文化程度[人(%)]高中及以下85(36.5)62(32.5)23(54.8)χ2=7.3890.007
高中以上148(63.5)129(67.5)19(45.2)
现居地[人(%)]城镇225(96.6)184(96.3)41(97.4)χ2=0.1710.679
农村8(3.4)7(3.7)1(2.6)
个人月收入[人(%)]>10 000元45(19.3)36(18.8)9(21.4)χ2=5.2590.072
5 000~10 000元113(48.5)99(51.8)14(33.3)
<5 000元75(32.2)56(29.3)19(45.2)
吸烟[人(%)]是5(2.1)5(2.6)0(0.0)χ2=0.2230.637
否228(97.9)186(97.4)42(100.0)
饮酒[人(%)]是6(2.6)5(2.6)1(2.4)χ2=0.0080.930
否227(97.4)186(97.4)41(97.6)
睡眠(h)8.0(8.0,9.0)8.0(8.0,9.0)8.0(8.0,9.5)Z=-0.8230.411
运动(MET-minutes/w)553.7±873.7599.7±932.8299.9±326.7t=1.5210.130
孕前体质指数(kg/m2)23.9±4.023.6±3.925.1±4.1t=-2.2140.028
既往史[人(%)]有50(21.5)43(22.5)7(16.7)χ2=0.6980.403
无183(78.5)148(77.5)35(83.3)
家族史[人(%)]有60(25.8)53(27.7)7(16.7)χ2=2.2110.137
无173(74.2)138(72.3)35(83.3)
用药史[人(%)]有37(15.8)31(16.2)36(85.7)χ2=0.0970.755
无196(84.1)160(83.8)6(14.3)
丙氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L)16.0(11.9,23.0)16.0(11.7,22.9)18.5(12.0,25.0)Z=-0.6770.498
胎次(次)2.0(1.0,2.5)2.0(1.0,2.0)2.0(1.0,3.5)Z=-1.3900.165
产次(次)0.0(0.0,1.0)0.0(0.0,1.0)0.0(0.0,1.0)Z=-1.2110.226
受孕方式[人(%)]自然214(91.8)173(90.6)41(97.6)χ2=2.6380.282
促排卵7(3.0)6(3.1)1(2.4)
人工12(5.2)12(6.3)0(0.0)
早孕反应[人(%)]有111(47.6)89(46.6)22(52.4)χ2=0.4620.497
无122(52.4)102(53.4)20(47.6)
PHQ-9均分(分)1.0(0.0,3.0)1.0(0.0,3.0)0.0(0.0,5.0)Z=-0.0130.989
GAD-7均分(分)1.0(0.0,3.0)1.0(0.0,3.0)1.0(0.0,5.0)Z=-0.0880.930
膳食质量距(分)26.0±7.425.2±7.329.9±6.5t=-2.9840.003
负端分(分)22.2±7.421.6±7.225.4±7.3t=-2.3840.018
正端分(分)4.0(1.0,6.0)3.0(0.0,6.0)4.0(1.0,7.0)Z=-0.9640.335
食物类别(分)谷类0.0(-2.0,1.0)0.0(-2.0,1.0)0.0(-2.0,2.0)Z=-0.2280.820
蔬菜水果类-2.5(-6.0,-1.0)-2.0(-6.0,-1.0)-3.0(-5.3,-1.0)Z=-0.7490.454
奶和大豆及坚果类-7.0(-12.0,-6.0)-7.0(-10.0,-6.0)-8.5(-12.0,-6.0)Z=-1.6010.109
动物性食物-4.0(-6.0,0.0)-4.0(-6.3,0.0)-4.0(-5.3,0.0)Z=-0.0420.967
食物多样性-5.0(-6.0,-4.0)-5.0(-6.0,-4.0)-5.5(-7.0,-5.0)Z=-3.0610.002
), ArticleFig(id=1322929580599812853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组一般资料及相关指标比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类总体(n=233)正常组(n=191)空腹血糖受损组(n=42)统计值(两组比较)P
年龄(岁)30.6±4.330.6±4.230.6±4.5t=-0.0450.964
文化程度[人(%)]高中及以下85(36.5)62(32.5)23(54.8)χ2=7.3890.007
高中以上148(63.5)129(67.5)19(45.2)
现居地[人(%)]城镇225(96.6)184(96.3)41(97.4)χ2=0.1710.679
农村8(3.4)7(3.7)1(2.6)
个人月收入[人(%)]>10 000元45(19.3)36(18.8)9(21.4)χ2=5.2590.072
5 000~10 000元113(48.5)99(51.8)14(33.3)
<5 000元75(32.2)56(29.3)19(45.2)
吸烟[人(%)]是5(2.1)5(2.6)0(0.0)χ2=0.2230.637
否228(97.9)186(97.4)42(100.0)
饮酒[人(%)]是6(2.6)5(2.6)1(2.4)χ2=0.0080.930
否227(97.4)186(97.4)41(97.6)
睡眠(h)8.0(8.0,9.0)8.0(8.0,9.0)8.0(8.0,9.5)Z=-0.8230.411
运动(MET-minutes/w)553.7±873.7599.7±932.8299.9±326.7t=1.5210.130
孕前体质指数(kg/m2)23.9±4.023.6±3.925.1±4.1t=-2.2140.028
既往史[人(%)]有50(21.5)43(22.5)7(16.7)χ2=0.6980.403
无183(78.5)148(77.5)35(83.3)
家族史[人(%)]有60(25.8)53(27.7)7(16.7)χ2=2.2110.137
无173(74.2)138(72.3)35(83.3)
用药史[人(%)]有37(15.8)31(16.2)36(85.7)χ2=0.0970.755
无196(84.1)160(83.8)6(14.3)
丙氨酸氨基转移酶(U/L)16.0(11.9,23.0)16.0(11.7,22.9)18.5(12.0,25.0)Z=-0.6770.498
胎次(次)2.0(1.0,2.5)2.0(1.0,2.0)2.0(1.0,3.5)Z=-1.3900.165
产次(次)0.0(0.0,1.0)0.0(0.0,1.0)0.0(0.0,1.0)Z=-1.2110.226
受孕方式[人(%)]自然214(91.8)173(90.6)41(97.6)χ2=2.6380.282
促排卵7(3.0)6(3.1)1(2.4)
人工12(5.2)12(6.3)0(0.0)
早孕反应[人(%)]有111(47.6)89(46.6)22(52.4)χ2=0.4620.497
无122(52.4)102(53.4)20(47.6)
PHQ-9均分(分)1.0(0.0,3.0)1.0(0.0,3.0)0.0(0.0,5.0)Z=-0.0130.989
GAD-7均分(分)1.0(0.0,3.0)1.0(0.0,3.0)1.0(0.0,5.0)Z=-0.0880.930
膳食质量距(分)26.0±7.425.2±7.329.9±6.5t=-2.9840.003
负端分(分)22.2±7.421.6±7.225.4±7.3t=-2.3840.018
正端分(分)4.0(1.0,6.0)3.0(0.0,6.0)4.0(1.0,7.0)Z=-0.9640.335
食物类别(分)谷类0.0(-2.0,1.0)0.0(-2.0,1.0)0.0(-2.0,2.0)Z=-0.2280.820
蔬菜水果类-2.5(-6.0,-1.0)-2.0(-6.0,-1.0)-3.0(-5.3,-1.0)Z=-0.7490.454
奶和大豆及坚果类-7.0(-12.0,-6.0)-7.0(-10.0,-6.0)-8.5(-12.0,-6.0)Z=-1.6010.109
动物性食物-4.0(-6.0,0.0)-4.0(-6.3,0.0)-4.0(-5.3,0.0)Z=-0.0420.967
食物多样性-5.0(-6.0,-4.0)-5.0(-6.0,-4.0)-5.5(-7.0,-5.0)Z=-3.0610.002
), ArticleFig(id=1322929580679504630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variable assignment status

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变量赋值方式
内感受敏感性原值输入
文化程度高中及以下=1,高中以上=0
孕前体质指数原值输入
膳食质量距原值输入
血糖空腹血糖受损组=1,正常组=0
), ArticleFig(id=1322929580838888183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

变量赋值情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值方式
内感受敏感性原值输入
文化程度高中及以下=1,高中以上=0
孕前体质指数原值输入
膳食质量距原值输入
血糖空腹血糖受损组=1,正常组=0
), ArticleFig(id=1322929580914385656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929567501001400, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis results of the influencing factors of interoceptive sensitivity on fasting blood glucose in early pregnancy

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模型变量回归系数标准误Wald χ²值OR值95%CIP
模型1内感受敏感性-0.4960.2165.2700.609[0.399,0.930]0.022
模型2内感受敏感性-0.4930.2464.0250.611[0.378,0.989]0.045
文化程度0.8690.3904.9592.384[1.110,5.119]0.026
孕前体质指数0.0890.0473.6681.094[0.998,1.198]0.055
模型3内感受敏感性-0.6540.3254.0420.520[0.275,0.984]0.044
文化程度0.7270.5122.0122.068[0.758,5.643]0.156
孕前体质指数0.0940.0662.0601.151[0.966,1.249]0.151
膳食质量距0.0670.0343.9361.070[1.001,1.143]0.047
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内感受敏感性对孕早期空腹血糖影响的单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析结果

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模型变量回归系数标准误Wald χ²值OR值95%CIP
模型1内感受敏感性-0.4960.2165.2700.609[0.399,0.930]0.022
模型2内感受敏感性-0.4930.2464.0250.611[0.378,0.989]0.045
文化程度0.8690.3904.9592.384[1.110,5.119]0.026
孕前体质指数0.0890.0473.6681.094[0.998,1.198]0.055
模型3内感受敏感性-0.6540.3254.0420.520[0.275,0.984]0.044
文化程度0.7270.5122.0122.068[0.758,5.643]0.156
孕前体质指数0.0940.0662.0601.151[0.966,1.249]0.151
膳食质量距0.0670.0343.9361.070[1.001,1.143]0.047
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孕妇孕早期内感受敏感性与空腹血糖受损的关系
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刘彬 1 , 田倩倩 1 , 谭晓涵 1 , 刘君 2 , 丁敏华 2 , 汪小华 1 , 张薇 2, *, *, *
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(15): 2623-2628
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (15) : 2623 -2628
孕妇孕早期内感受敏感性与空腹血糖受损的关系
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刘彬1, 田倩倩1, 谭晓涵1, 刘君2, 丁敏华2, 汪小华1, 张薇2, *, *, *
作者信息
  • 1苏州大学苏州医学院护理学院,江苏 215600
  • 2无锡市妇幼保健院
通讯作者:
张薇,E-mail:
ZHANG Wei, E-mail:
作者简介:

刘彬,硕士研究生在读

Relationship between interoceptive sensitivity and impaired fasting glucose in early pregnancy
Bin LIU1, Qianqian TIAN1, Xiaohan TAN1, Jun LIU2, Minhua DING2, Xiaohua WANG1, Wei ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Medical College, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215600 China
  • 2Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital
出版时间: 2026-08-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.006
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目的

探讨孕妇孕早期内感受敏感性与空腹血糖受损(IFG)的关系。

方法

采用横断面研究方法,选取于无锡市妇幼保健院孕早期建档的233名孕妇为研究对象,收集其人口学资料、临床及产科相关资料及营养学资料等,应用多维度内感受意识问卷-2收集内感受敏感性资料。根据空腹血糖水平将孕妇分为空腹血糖受损组与血糖正常组。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨孕早期孕妇内感受敏感性与空腹血糖受损的关系。

结果

233名孕妇空腹血糖受损发生率为18.0%(42人)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,校正相关混杂因素后,内感受敏感性是孕妇孕早期空腹血糖受损的独立保护因素[OR=0.520,95%CI(0.275,0.984),P=0.044]。

结论

孕妇孕早期较高的内感受敏感性对空腹血糖受损具有保护作用,提示提升孕妇的内感受敏感性可能为预防和管理孕妇妊娠早期空腹血糖异常提供一个潜在的新靶点。

内感受敏感性  /  孕妇  /  空腹血糖受损  /  影响因素
Objective

To explore the relationship between interoceptive sensitivity and impaired fasting glucose(IFG) in early pregnancy.

Methods

A cross-sectional study method was conducted.A total of 233 pregnant women who established their prenatal records in the first trimester in Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital were selected as the research subjects.Their demographic,clinical,obstetric,and nutritional data were collected.Interoceptive sensitivity was assessed by using the Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness,version 2(MAIA-2).Participants were divided into an impaired fasting glucose group and a normal blood glucose group based on their fasting blood glucose levels.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the association between interoceptive sensitivity in early pregnancy and impaired fasting glucose.

Results

The incidence of impaired fasting glucose in 233 pregnant women was 18.0%(42 cases).After adjusting for relevant confounding factors,the multivariable Logistic regression analysis results showed that interoceptive sensitivity was an independent protective factor against impaired fasting glucose in early pregnancy(OR=0.520,95%CI 0.275-0.984,P=0.044).

Conclusions

Higher interoceptive sensitivity in early pregnancy has a protective effect against impaired fasting glucose.This finding suggests that enhancing interoceptive sensitivity in pregnant women may be a potential new target for the prevention and management of abnormal fasting glucose in early pregnancy.

interoceptive sensitivity  /  pregnant women  /  impaired fasting glucose  /  influencing factors
刘彬, 田倩倩, 谭晓涵, 刘君, 丁敏华, 汪小华, 张薇. 孕妇孕早期内感受敏感性与空腹血糖受损的关系. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2623 -2628 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.006
Bin LIU, Qianqian TIAN, Xiaohan TAN, Jun LIU, Minhua DING, Xiaohua WANG, Wei ZHANG. Relationship between interoceptive sensitivity and impaired fasting glucose in early pregnancy[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (15) : 2623 -2628 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.006
内感受是指神经系统感知和整合身体内部状态信息的过程[1-2],其始于机体内部的内感受性信号[3-4]。内感受敏感性是指机体关注内在感觉的倾向和检测能力[3]。人体肝脏门静脉存在迷走传入神经纤维,后者作为内感受组织,不仅能感知机体的血糖水平[5],还能通过与大脑中枢神经系统密切联系,参与机体食欲的调节[2,6-7],进而影响机体的糖代谢。因此,机体的内感受敏感性程度可能与血糖调节存在潜在关联。妊娠期糖尿病是指妊娠期间首次发生或发现不同程度的糖耐量异常,全球发病率高达14.0%[8-9]。妊娠期糖尿病病人血糖水平升高,其机体内感受敏感性可能出现一定的变化。目前尚未检索到孕妇内感受敏感性现状以及该人群内感受敏感性与孕早期空腹血糖水平的关系的相关研究,故本研究对其进行探讨。
采用便利抽样法,选取2024年12月—2025年6月于无锡市妇幼保健院建档并规律产检的孕妇为研究对象。纳入标准:1)年龄≥18岁;2)单胎妊娠;3)知情同意,并愿意配合本次调查。排除标准:1)多胎妊娠;2)流产;3)死胎;4)有传染病史;5)妊娠前患有高血压、糖尿病、精神障碍或癌症等重大疾病者;6)有机体过敏,如食物过敏史。本研究获得无锡市妇幼保健院医学伦理委员会审批(批件编号:2023-01-0628-21)。
该调查表由研究者自行设计,主要包括孕妇的人口学资料、临床及产科资料。人口学资料主要包括年龄、文化程度、现居地、个人月收入、是否吸烟、饮酒与睡眠情况;临床资料主要包括孕前体质指数(BMI)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶、既往史、家族史、用药史;产科资料主要包括胎次、产次、受孕方式与早孕反应。
采用多维度内感受意识问卷-2(MAIA-2)进行测量,该量表由Mehling等[10]于2018年研制,2022年由Teng等[11]翻译修订。中文版MAIA-2共31个条目,包括不分心、不担心、注意调节、情绪觉察、自我调节、躯体聆听、信任7个分量表,各条目采用Likert 6级评分法测评,分别计0~5分,总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.822,各分量表的Cronbach's α 系数为0.656~0.838[11],量表信效度较高,是一个较好的评价内感受敏感性的工具。本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.898。
隔夜空腹(8~10 h未进食)后,早餐前静脉采血并检测。根据《妊娠期高血糖诊治指南(2022)[第一部分]》推荐[12],将孕妇首次产前空腹血糖(FPG)筛查≥5.6 mmol/L定义为妊娠合并空腹血糖受损(IFG)。
记录孕妇3 d所有的食物摄入情况[13]。向孕妇提供《中国居民膳食指南(2022)》中食物标准分量表参考图,由孕妇提供过去1周(必须包括2个工作日和1个周末)内的饮食情况,包括摄入食物的名称和量。
采用李梦媛等[14]更新的孕期膳食平衡指数(DBI-P)进行计算。DBI-P包含谷类、蔬菜水果类(蔬菜、水果)、奶和大豆及坚果类(奶类、大豆及坚果类)、动物性食物(禽肉类、水产品、蛋)、食物多样性(食物种类)5个组分9个单项。DBI-P评价指标包括负端分(LBS)、正端分(HBS)、膳食质量距(DQD)。负端分指所有指标中负分增加的绝对值,反映膳食摄入不足的程度。正端分指所有指标中正分相加的绝对值,反映膳食摄入过量的程度。膳食质量距指每个指标正负分值的绝对值相加,综合反映膳食不均衡问题。0分为摄入适宜,低于总分的20%为较为适宜,总分的20%~40%表示低度膳食不平衡,总分的>40%~60%表示中度膳食不平衡,高于总分的60%表示高度膳食不平衡。
采用版国际活动体力问卷中文(IPAQ)测量,该量表由曲宁宁等[15]于2004年汉化,重测信度为0.674~0.934,效标关联效度为0.74,具有较好的信效度。孕妇在1周内的活动能量消耗计算公式:某种活动能量消耗(MET-minutes/week)=该活动代谢当量值(metabolic equivalent of task,MET)×活动分钟数×每周天数。IPAQ中重体力活动、中体力活动、步行、静坐的MET值分别为8.0,4.0,3.3,1.1[16]。
采用广泛性焦虑量表(GAD-7)测量焦虑水平,该量表共7个条目,每个条目选项分为4个等级:“完全没有”计0分,“有几天”计1分,“超过1周”计2分,“几乎每天”计3分,总分0~21分。中文版GAD-7的Cronbach's α系数为0.867,重测信度为0.823[17]。采用病人健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)测量抑郁水平,该量表共9个条目,每个条目的选项分为4个等级:“完全没有”计0分,“有几天”计1分,“超过1周”计2分,“几乎每天”计3分,总分0~27分。中文版PHQ-9的Cronbach's α系数为0.857,重测信度系数为0.947[18]。
采用问卷调查法收集相关资料,由3名经过统一培训的研究人员进行资料收集,调查前向孕妇解释本研究的目的和注意事项,获得知情同意后,向孕妇发放问卷。由孕妇自行填写社会人口学资料、MAIA-2、GAD-7、PHQ-9和3 d饮食日记,临床资料和产科相关资料由研究者查验病例系统后填写,孕妇补充相关资料。
采用SPSS 29.0软件录入数据并进行统计学分析。符合正态分布的定量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间比较采用t检验;不符合正态分布的定量资料采用中位数(四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]表示,组间比较采用非参数秩和检验;定性资料采用频数、百分比(%)表示,组间比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率法检验。将P<0.05的变量及查阅文献发现与血糖控制有关的重要变量设为自变量,采用Logistic逐步分层回归分析进一步探讨内感受敏感性对孕妇孕早期血糖的影响,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
共招募240名孕妇,其中7名不符合纳入与排除标准,最终233名孕妇的资料用于统计分析。其中,孕早期正常组191人,空腹血糖受损组42人。
233名孕妇MAIA-2总均分为(2.7±0.8)分。组间比较结果显示,孕早期血糖正常组MAIA-2总均分、情绪觉察分量表均分、自我调节分量表均分、信任分量表均分均高于空腹血糖受损组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),详见表1。
233名孕妇孕早期空腹血糖为3.79~6.44(4.9±0.4)mmol/L。组间比较结果显示,空腹血糖受损组孕前体质指数高于正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);正常组文化程度、负端分、膳食食物距和食物多样性方面优于空腹血糖受损组差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);详见表2。
将内感受敏感性作为自变量,以孕早期空腹血糖分组作为因变量,进行单因素Logistic回归分析。结果显示,内感受敏感性是孕早期空腹血糖的保护因素[OR=0.609,95%CI(0.399,0.930),P=0.022]。
将一般资料与营养学资料中P<0.05的因素(内感受敏感性、文化程度、孕前体质指数、膳食质量距、食物多样性、负端分)作为协变量,将内感受敏感性作为自变量,以孕早期空腹血糖分组作为因变量,进行多因素Logistic回归分析。变量赋值方式见表3。营养学资料中,由于膳食食物距、负端分、食物多样性具有共线性,而膳食食物距可综合反映膳食不均衡问题,因此,本研究选取膳食食物距作为反映孕妇早期膳食情况的指标进入后续分析。多因素Logistic回归结果显示,内感受敏感性是孕妇孕早期空腹血糖的保护性因素[OR=0.520,95%CI(0.275,0.984),P=0.044]。详见表4。
233名孕妇MAIA-2总均分为(2.7±0.8)分,与Singh Solorzano等[19]研究结果一致。Crossland等[20]研究调查了英国涵盖早期、中期和晚期孕妇的内感受敏感性,结果显示,MAIA-2中不分心和情绪觉察分量表得分高于本研究,可能与本研究中孕妇的焦虑和抑郁水平较低,因此情绪问题不显著有关[21];还可能与孕早期内感受水平较低,随着孕期的延长,内感受敏感性显著增加有关[19]。
本研究中233名孕妇空腹血糖受损发生率为18.0%,这与Wei等[22]调查的我国14个生殖医学中心结果基本一致(17.6%)。
研究发现,肝脏门静脉葡萄糖感知与中枢神经系统之间有着密切联系,门静脉中的葡萄糖传感器连接迷走传入神经纤维,后者与大脑连接,通过调节食欲[3],进而调节血糖[23]。机体内感受敏感性水平越高,越能感知外周血糖变化。当外周血糖升高时,经门静脉血流刺激迷走神经,如果机体内感受器敏感性正常,就能感知到血糖的变化,通过迷走神经传至大脑,引起饱食中枢兴奋,降低食欲,减少摄食,从而降低血糖,使机体糖代谢处于稳态[7,24-26]。如果内感受器敏感性下降,机体对血糖的变化敏感性下降,则经迷走神经传至大脑的刺激减少,食欲和进食并未改变。一项经皮耳迷走神经刺激对糖耐量受损病人的干预性研究,通过刺激迷走神经12周,结果显示,干预组空腹血糖、2 h血糖和糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)[27]。本研究结果显示,内感受敏感性是孕早期空腹血糖的保护因素[OR=0.609,95%CI(0.399,0.930),P=0.022],在调整协变量之后,内感受敏感性仍能影响孕妇孕早期空腹血糖[OR=0.520,95%CI(0.275,0.984),P=0.044],表明孕妇孕早期内感受敏感性水平越高,其妊娠合并空腹血糖受损的可能越低。
饮食模式是影响空腹血糖的重要因素[28-30]。本研究结果显示,与正常孕妇相比,妊娠合并空腹血糖受损组的膳食质量显著较差,具体表现为负端分更高、膳食质量距更大,以及食物多样性更低。负端分和膳食质量距通常反映了与健康膳食模式的偏离程度,分值越高可能代表不健康食物(如高脂、高糖食物)摄入越多或膳食结构越不均衡[14,31]。同时,较低的食物多样性也与关键营养素摄入不足相关。这些结果提示,妊娠合并空腹血糖受损组的整体膳食模式存在问题,这种不健康的膳食模式是导致或加剧空腹血糖调节能力下降的关键因素[28,32-33],也是未来临床可以干预的因素。
孕前超重或肥胖是妊娠合并空腹血糖受损的影响因素[34]。本研究中,妊娠合并空腹血糖受损组的孕前体质指数显著高于正常组。这与杨旭博等[35-36]研究结论一致,即孕前较高的体质指数是妊娠期糖代谢异常的独立危险因素。
值得注意的是,本研究中妊娠合并空腹血糖受损组拥有高中以上文化程度的比例(45.2%)显著低于正常组(67.5%),这与以往研究结果中较低教育水平与不良健康结局相关结果一致[37],可能原因是教育水平较低者健康素养与孕期保健可及性相对不足,饮食与体重管理依从性较差,从而增加妊娠期空腹血糖受损风险。
本研究发现,孕早期内感受敏感性是妊娠合并空腹血糖受损的独立保护因素。这提示除了进行传统的孕前体重管理和孕期膳食结构优化外,通过提升孕妇的内感受敏感性可能为预防和管理妊娠期血糖异常提供一个具有一定潜力的新视角和靶点。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.15.006
  • 接收时间:2025-08-07
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-08-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-08-07
  • 修回日期:2026-05-08
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    1苏州大学苏州医学院护理学院,江苏 215600
    2无锡市妇幼保健院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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