Article(id=1322929570176971725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1753804800000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-30, revisedDate=1775836800000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340588373, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784908800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340588373, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340588373, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340588373, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322929547464815391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='14', pageStart='2385', pageEnd='2576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784908800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793340582958, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343111003, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940150912790807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940150912790808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2544, endPage=2549, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322929570407658446, articleId=1322929570176971725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Joint awareness in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty:a scoping review, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To conduct a scoping review of studies on joint awareness in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty,aiming to provide references for clinical practice and future research.

Methods

Following the scoping review framework,literature on joint awareness in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,EMbase,CINAHL,and ClinicalKey databases.The retrieval time was from database establishment to June 18, 2025.Data extraction and analysis were conducted based on the search results.

Results

A total of 13 studies were included.The factors influencing joint awareness in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty included physiological factors,psychological factors,and sociodemographic factors.Intervention methods consisted of early rehabilitation training,cognitive interventions,and pharmacological interventions,which could promote comprehensive recovery of physiological function as well as reconstruction of mental health and social function.

Conclusions

Joint awareness has been identified as one of the important factors in promoting the recovery of hip function and improving patient treatment adherence and satisfaction.Nursing researchers may draw on the findings of relevant studies to mitigate the impact of interfering factors,dynamically optimize rehabilitation nursing plans,and accelerate the recovery of hip function in patients.

, authors=Lili CHEN1, 2, Jianlin JI3, Ouyao CHEN3, Endong XIE3, Liling YANG3, Liwen JIANG3, Qunfeng LU1, 2, 3, authorsList=Lili CHEN, Jianlin JI, Ouyao CHEN, Endong XIE, Liling YANG, Liwen JIANG, Qunfeng LU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qunfeng LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322929570919363537, articleId=1322929570176971725, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=关节遗忘在髋关节置换术病人中应用的范围综述, columnId=1220689485482873504, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

对关节遗忘在髋关节置换术病人中应用的相关研究进行范围综述,以期为临床实践和未来研究提供参考。

方法

按照范围综述框架检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EMbase、CINAHL、ClinicalKey数据库中的相关文献,检索时限为建库至2025年6月18日。基于检索结果进行数据提取与分析。

结果

共纳入13篇文献,髋关节置换术病人关节遗忘影响因素包括生理因素、心理因素、社会人口学因素,干预方法包括早期康复训练、认知干预、药物干预,其能够促进病人生理功能全面恢复以及心理健康与社会功能重建。

结论

关节遗忘是促进髋关节功能恢复、提升病人治疗依从性及满意度的重要因素之一。护理研究者可参考相关研究成果,降低干扰因素的影响,动态优化康复护理方案,加速病人髋关节功能恢复。

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陈丽丽,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
陆群峰,E-mail:
LU Qunfeng, E-mail:
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articleId=1322929570176971725, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1998, volume=80, issue=4, pageStart=600, pageEnd=606, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=Garellick G, Malchau H, Herberts P, journalName=J Bone Joint Surg, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Garellick G,Malchau H,Herberts P.Specific or general health outcome measures in the evaluation of total hip replacement.A comparison between the harris hip score and the nottingham health profile[J].J Bone Joint Surg,1998,80(4):600-606., articleTitle=Specific or general health outcome measures in the evaluation of total hip replacement.A comparison between the harris hip score and the nottingham health profile, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322929571162633170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929570176971725, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322929571171021779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, 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Basic characteristics of included studies

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入研究国家手术类型样本量(例)主要评估工具随访时间结局指标影响因素干预方法
Imagama等[7]2023日本THA263①②中枢敏化量表为术前,FJS为术后1年中枢敏化、术后满意度中枢敏化程度药物干预
Ozaki等[8]2018日本THA61①③④⑤⑥术后6、12个月病人生活质量手术入路
Matsumoto等[9]2017日本THA106①③⑤术后1、6、12个月对侧髋关节状态对侧髋关节状态
Shinonaga等[10]2023日本THA752①髋关节感觉和功能腰大肌质量
Kawakami等[11]2023日本THA164①⑤术后12个月髋关节功能、术后满意度对侧髋关节状态、女性
Konishi等[12]2025日本THA203①④⑦髋关节功能和意识、术后满意度术后腿长差异、术前高位大转子
Okazawa等[13]2025日本THA44①术后2年髋关节感觉和功能步行速度、步幅早期康复训练
张福康[14]2024中国THA76①④术后6、12个月髋关节功能、生活质量、术后满意度、髋关节假体意识手术入路、年龄、术后平时髋关节疼痛程度、使用公共交通工具因髋关节问题感到困难程度
张栋等[15]2022中国HA100①③④⑥术后1、3、6、12、24个月髋关节感觉和功能髋关节假体、年龄、体质指数(BMI)
曾会粮[16]2018中国THA48①③术后1、3个月髋关节感觉和功能假体重量差
Singh等[17]2020美国THA1 469①术后3、12、21个月髋关节假体意识、术后满意度手术入路、外科医生的手术量和经验
Stano等[18]2024意大利THA111①术后3个月髋关节假体意识运动和功能活动、长时间保持特定姿势认知干预
Longo等[19]2022瑞士THA61①③⑧⑨⑩术后6个月髋关节功能抑郁
), ArticleFig(id=1322929575793143819, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929570176971725, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纳入文献研究的基本特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
纳入研究国家手术类型样本量(例)主要评估工具随访时间结局指标影响因素干预方法
Imagama等[7]2023日本THA263①②中枢敏化量表为术前,FJS为术后1年中枢敏化、术后满意度中枢敏化程度药物干预
Ozaki等[8]2018日本THA61①③④⑤⑥术后6、12个月病人生活质量手术入路
Matsumoto等[9]2017日本THA106①③⑤术后1、6、12个月对侧髋关节状态对侧髋关节状态
Shinonaga等[10]2023日本THA752①髋关节感觉和功能腰大肌质量
Kawakami等[11]2023日本THA164①⑤术后12个月髋关节功能、术后满意度对侧髋关节状态、女性
Konishi等[12]2025日本THA203①④⑦髋关节功能和意识、术后满意度术后腿长差异、术前高位大转子
Okazawa等[13]2025日本THA44①术后2年髋关节感觉和功能步行速度、步幅早期康复训练
张福康[14]2024中国THA76①④术后6、12个月髋关节功能、生活质量、术后满意度、髋关节假体意识手术入路、年龄、术后平时髋关节疼痛程度、使用公共交通工具因髋关节问题感到困难程度
张栋等[15]2022中国HA100①③④⑥术后1、3、6、12、24个月髋关节感觉和功能髋关节假体、年龄、体质指数(BMI)
曾会粮[16]2018中国THA48①③术后1、3个月髋关节感觉和功能假体重量差
Singh等[17]2020美国THA1 469①术后3、12、21个月髋关节假体意识、术后满意度手术入路、外科医生的手术量和经验
Stano等[18]2024意大利THA111①术后3个月髋关节假体意识运动和功能活动、长时间保持特定姿势认知干预
Longo等[19]2022瑞士THA61①③⑧⑨⑩术后6个月髋关节功能抑郁
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关节遗忘在髋关节置换术病人中应用的范围综述
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陈丽丽 1, 2 , 季涧琳 3 , 陈瓯瑶 3 , 谢恩东 3 , 杨利灵 3 , 姜理文 3 , 陆群峰 1, 2, 3, *, *
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(14): 2544-2549
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (14) : 2544 -2549
关节遗忘在髋关节置换术病人中应用的范围综述
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2遵义医科大学护理学院
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陈丽丽1, 2, 季涧琳3, 陈瓯瑶3, 谢恩东3, 杨利灵3, 姜理文3, 陆群峰1, 2, 3, *, *
作者信息
  • 1上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院,上海 200233
  • 2遵义医科大学护理学院
  • 3上海交通大学医学院护理学院
通讯作者:
陆群峰,E-mail:
LU Qunfeng, E-mail:
作者简介:

陈丽丽,硕士研究生在读

Joint awareness in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty:a scoping review
Lili CHEN1, 2, Jianlin JI3, Ouyao CHEN3, Endong XIE3, Liling YANG3, Liwen JIANG3, Qunfeng LU1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200233 China
  • 2School of Nursing, Zunyi Medical University
  • 3School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
出版时间: 2026-07-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.022
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目的

对关节遗忘在髋关节置换术病人中应用的相关研究进行范围综述,以期为临床实践和未来研究提供参考。

方法

按照范围综述框架检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EMbase、CINAHL、ClinicalKey数据库中的相关文献,检索时限为建库至2025年6月18日。基于检索结果进行数据提取与分析。

结果

共纳入13篇文献,髋关节置换术病人关节遗忘影响因素包括生理因素、心理因素、社会人口学因素,干预方法包括早期康复训练、认知干预、药物干预,其能够促进病人生理功能全面恢复以及心理健康与社会功能重建。

结论

关节遗忘是促进髋关节功能恢复、提升病人治疗依从性及满意度的重要因素之一。护理研究者可参考相关研究成果,降低干扰因素的影响,动态优化康复护理方案,加速病人髋关节功能恢复。

关节遗忘  /  髋关节置换术  /  应用  /  范围综述
Objective

To conduct a scoping review of studies on joint awareness in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty,aiming to provide references for clinical practice and future research.

Methods

Following the scoping review framework,literature on joint awareness in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty was retrieved from CNKI,Wanfang Data,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,EMbase,CINAHL,and ClinicalKey databases.The retrieval time was from database establishment to June 18, 2025.Data extraction and analysis were conducted based on the search results.

Results

A total of 13 studies were included.The factors influencing joint awareness in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty included physiological factors,psychological factors,and sociodemographic factors.Intervention methods consisted of early rehabilitation training,cognitive interventions,and pharmacological interventions,which could promote comprehensive recovery of physiological function as well as reconstruction of mental health and social function.

Conclusions

Joint awareness has been identified as one of the important factors in promoting the recovery of hip function and improving patient treatment adherence and satisfaction.Nursing researchers may draw on the findings of relevant studies to mitigate the impact of interfering factors,dynamically optimize rehabilitation nursing plans,and accelerate the recovery of hip function in patients.

joint awareness  /  hip arthroplasty  /  application  /  scoping review
陈丽丽, 季涧琳, 陈瓯瑶, 谢恩东, 杨利灵, 姜理文, 陆群峰. 关节遗忘在髋关节置换术病人中应用的范围综述. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (14) : 2544 -2549 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.022
Lili CHEN, Jianlin JI, Ouyao CHEN, Endong XIE, Liling YANG, Liwen JIANG, Qunfeng LU. Joint awareness in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty:a scoping review[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (14) : 2544 -2549 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.022
《中国发展报告2020:中国人口老龄化的发展趋势和政策》[1]指出,2050年我国65岁及以上老年人口将达3.8亿人,占总人口的27.9%。老年人由于身体机能衰退、运动协调性减弱以及普遍存在骨质疏松等问题,加之外伤和药物滥用等因素影响,其髋部骨折和股骨头坏死发病率显著上升[2]。髋关节置换术(hip arthroplasty,HA)是治疗终末期髋关节疾病的一种有效手段,能提升关节功能,但术后并发症可能导致20%~35%的病人经历关节活动受限和生活质量下降[3]。近年来,随着以病人为中心的治疗理念发展,患者报告结局(patient-reported outcomes,PROs)在术后康复评估中的作用日益凸显。鉴于此,Behrend等[4]于2012年提出“关节遗忘”,并开发关节遗忘评分(Forgotten Joint Score,FJS)以测量病人术后的关节遗忘程度,关节假体遗忘代表患髋更高水平的功能,有能力在没有疼痛的情况下执行日常生活的必要任务。已有研究表明,日常生活中能够忘记关节植入物的存在通常被视为关节置换术成功的终极目标,这有利于最大程度地提升病人满意度及治疗依从性,并促进病人髋关节功能康复[5]。本研究遵循乔安娜布里格斯研究所(Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI)范围综述方法学框架[6],系统梳理关节遗忘在HA病人中的应用现状,以期为我国临床实践和未来研究提供参考。本研究已经在开放科学框架(Open Science Framework)进行注册(注册号:https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GT5WQ)。
通过查阅文献确定以下问题:1)HA术后病人关节遗忘的影响因素?2)促进HA术后病人关节遗忘的干预方法?3)关节遗忘对HA术后病人预后的影响?
纳入标准:研究对象为HA病人;研究主题为HA病人关节遗忘的影响因素、干预方法及对预后的影响;文献研究类型为原始研究;语种为中文或英文。排除标准:重复收录;无法获取全文;数据不完整或模糊;未经同行评议的会议论文、海报。
以“髋关节置换术/髋关节成形术/髋关节假体植入/髋关节置换假体/人工髋关节置换”“关节遗忘评分/关节感知评分/关节置换术后评分/被遗忘关节评分/关节置换术后忘记评分”等为中文检索词,以“hip replacement arthroplasty/hip prosthesis implantation/total hip arthroplasty”“Forgotten Joint Score/FJS/joint awareness score”等为英文检索词,采用主题词与自由词相结合的方式系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、EMbase、CINAHL、ClinicalKey数据库,检索时限为建库至2025年6月18日。同时手动检索相关文献的参考文献,以提高纳入文献的查全率。
由2名接受过循证培训并考核合格的研究者独立进行文献筛选,根据文献纳入及排除标准,采用Zotero 7.0文献管理软件进行文献筛选,如有分歧,与第3人讨论并确定是否纳入。从文献中提取相关内容,包括作者、国家、发表年份、手术类型、样本量、主要评估工具、随访时间、结局指标、影响因素和干预方法。
初步检索获得694篇文献,追溯参考文献获得2篇文献,最终纳入13篇[7-19]文献,文献筛选流程及结果见图1。
生理因素包括假体[15-16]、身体状况及感知觉[7,9-14,18]。1)假体:生物型假体相较于传统骨水泥型假体更能增强病人的自然关节感,从而降低术后病人的关节意识[14]。假体重量差异过大会直接降低病人术后关节遗忘效果[16]。2)身体状况及感知觉:中枢敏化程度[7]、腰大肌质量[10]、对侧髋关节状态[9,11]、步行速度[13]、疼痛[14]、运动和功能活动[18]、术后腿长差异及术前高位大转子[12]均会影响病人术后关节遗忘。
术前抑郁程度与术后关节遗忘程度呈负相关[19]。存在术前抑郁[19-22]、焦虑[20]的病人术后关节遗忘程度较低。抑郁导致的消极认知与低动机易降低病人康复训练依从性,减少主动关节活动,从而影响功能恢复并强化病人对关节功能的负面情绪,其可通过负性情绪反馈抑制功能恢复积极性,进而影响病人的关节遗忘程度[19]。
年龄是病人术后关节遗忘的关键预测因素[14-15,23]。高龄病人的关节遗忘程度通常高于年轻病人。BMI超过30 kg/m2的病人手术难度增加,医院感染风险随之升高[15]。BMI较大病人体重基数较大,会加速假体磨损;BMI较小病人术后功能锻炼更为遵从,日常活动量较大,有利于减轻髋部肿胀和疼痛,从而改善病人关节遗忘情况。女性病人较男性病人而言,骨密度、肌肉量较低且对侧髋关节代偿能力较弱,更易因日常活动障碍导致术后关节遗忘程度降低[11]。同时,手术入路方式也会影响病人术后关节遗忘状况,直接前入路(direct anterior approach,DAA)在改善HA病人关节遗忘效果方面优于后入路(posterior approach,PA)[8,17]。此外,已有研究表明,外科医生的手术量和经验与病人关节遗忘程度相关[17]。
Okazawa等[13]研究表明,早期康复训练可提升病人行走能力与身体活动水平,并增强病人骨骼质量,优化人工关节固定效果,降低假体松动风险,从而提升病人关节遗忘程度和日常生活满意度,与Fawley等[24]研究结果相似。Okazawa等[13]研究纳入接受后外侧入路的HA病人,所有病人术后均采用标准化早期康复方案,术后测量病人的早期步态参数,包括步行速度、步幅及其变异系数,并对其中44例病人进行术后2年的随访,通过FJS评估其关节不适程度及日常生活满意度,结果显示,步行速度与步幅参数与术后2年FJS呈正相关,表明早期步态能力越好,关节遗忘程度越高,日常生活满意度越高。
Stano等[18]在康复治疗期间评估了111例THA病人的关节遗忘程度,结果显示,病人在运动状态下(如由坐到站、长时间站立和行走)可能因提供了感觉反馈和本体感觉输入增强对假体的感知。相反,当病人需要长时间保持特定姿势(如睡觉、洗澡和淋浴)时,病人对假体的感知可能降低。而正念训练或注意力转移疗法可帮助病人减少对假体的过度关注,降低病人的跌倒恐惧心理[25]。对HA病人进行认知干预,可降低其在不同场景下对假体感知的显著性,以此提升HA病人关节遗忘程度及满意度。
Imagama等[7]研究发现,术前减轻因中枢敏化导致的疼痛可能改善HA术后病人预后,其机制与血清素和去甲肾上腺素激活大脑及脊髓的下行疼痛抑制系统密切相关。度洛西汀作为一种能同时抑制血清素和去甲肾上腺素再摄取的药物,可通过双重作用增强下行疼痛抑制系统功能。这一方法已在全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)病人中得到验证。Koh等[26]通过对80例确诊存在中枢敏化的TKA病人进行随机对照试验发现,度洛西汀组TKA病人在术后2~12周的疼痛指标改善,且术后2周的情绪状态、身体功能等康复指标及生活质量、治疗满意度均较优。虽然目前尚未检索到度洛西汀在HA病人中的研究,但基于其一致的疼痛抑制机制及在TKA病人中的明确疗效,推测该药物对减轻HA病人的术后疼痛同样有效[7]。因此,对于存在中枢敏化的HA病人,可尝试采用度洛西汀进行药物干预并将其作为疼痛管理策略,从而减轻病人疼痛程度,达到改善HA病人生活质量和治疗满意度的目的,间接提高病人关节遗忘程度。
关节遗忘可通过优化肌肉骨骼系统功能实现人工关节遗忘状态,核心在于重建髋关节动态稳定性及运动协调性[10]。实现高水平关节遗忘状态的病人在步态对称性、平衡控制能力及日常活动能力方面表现出显著优势,能够有效降低运动中的关节代偿负荷,减少异常应力对假体的累计损伤。此外,病人术后关节遗忘程度提升有利于病人在行走、爬楼梯等完整运动时保持动作的无感化和连贯性,是长期提高生活质量的重要基础,可通过生理适应机制巩固关节遗忘状态,最终形成良性循环的康复结局[27]。
Longo等[19]对61例THA病人术前抑郁程度及术后6个月关节遗忘程度、抑郁程度、睡眠质量和生活质量等进行评估,并根据评估结果将病人分为抑郁组和无抑郁组,结果显示,61例HA病人中60.7%的病人存在抑郁状态,且在日常生活中关节遗忘程度较高的病人通常具有较高的满意度和较低的抑郁率,与Giesinger等[28]研究结果相似。FJS较高的老年病人更倾向于主动参与社交活动,病人对关节不适的关注较低,心理上更易保持轻松、积极的状态,关节遗忘程度较高的病人心理弹性评分较高,能更快回归工作与社会角色,重建生活自信心,并提高参与康复训练的主动依从性[4,15]。
本研究发现,HA病人术后关节遗忘受生理、心理和社会人口学多种因素相互影响。疼痛是HA病人术后常见症状之一,与HA病人术后关节遗忘程度和满意度呈正相关[14];而术前抑郁程度与HA病人术后关节遗忘程度呈负相关[19]。Rolfson等[29]研究表明,HA病人术前焦虑和抑郁是术后疼痛缓解和满意度的有力预测指标,有必要对病人术前心理健康进行适当评估以减轻病人术后疼痛程度,优化关节置换术后结果。Benditz等[30]认为,术前测量心理因素能够帮助抑郁和焦虑水平较高的病人获得更好的早期功能结局。但疼痛与焦虑、抑郁间的关系复杂,目前尚未检索到可以明确疼痛与焦虑、抑郁间作用机制的研究[24]。建议学者在未来开展疼痛与焦虑、抑郁间的作用机制研究,并早期识别术前存在抑郁、焦虑等心理问题的HA病人,及时给予针对性的护理干预,以减轻HA病人术后疼痛程度,提升HA病人术后关节遗忘程度,进而改善其早期功能结局及治疗满意度。同时,张栋等[15]研究表明,高龄病人的关节遗忘程度通常高于年轻病人,这可能与年轻病人活动量较大且高龄病人对自身关节感受和敏感程度较弱有关。但张福康[14]研究显示,人工关节非遗忘组年龄高于人工关节遗忘组,这可能与病人年龄越大术后并发症发生风险越高,髋关节功能恢复时间越长,阻碍了其髋关节功能恢复有关。因此,未来还需进行相关研究以确定HA病人年龄与术后关节遗忘程度的相关性,针对不同年龄段HA病人制定个性化治疗方案,提高HA病人术后关节遗忘程度,改善关节功能状态。此外,Kawakami等[11]研究发现,吸烟、膝关节状态等也能影响HA病人关节遗忘情况。因此,未来可开展大样本、前瞻性的队列研究,对吸烟、膝关节状态等因素进行动态追踪,明确其作用路径及发展轨迹,为HA病人的康复提供更多科学依据。
本研究发现,目前的干预方法在提高HA病人术后关节遗忘程度方面存在不足且较为单一,仅有早期康复训练[13]、认知干预[18]和药物干预[7]。已有研究发现,HA术后病人在早期康复训练时普遍会因疼痛、活动能力下降和步态不稳等存在恐动症,加深其对假体的感知程度,进而影响术后锻炼依从性和关节遗忘状况[13,31]。Wang等[32]研究发现,使用虚拟现实技术进行运动康复训练可以有效减少恐动症的发生,还能促进病人功能恢复,其与锻炼相结合比单独使用能更有效地减少恐动症发生。Scarone等[33]发现,认知疗法结合行为疗法不仅能减轻疼痛,加快术后恢复,还能提升病人生活质量。目前该方法已在临床实践中得到广泛应用,被证实为一种有效的治疗手段。未来研究可将早期康复训练和认知干预进行整合,并结合虚拟现实技术,为HA病人构建更全面的个性化干预方案,以进一步提高HA病人术后关节遗忘程度,加速其康复进程。此外,Koh等[26]研究发现,使用度洛西汀药物疗法可激活下行疼痛抑制系统,通过血清素和去甲肾上腺素再摄取抑制神经系统,改善术前存在中枢敏化的TKA病人的疼痛情况,进而提升TKA病人关节遗忘程度。目前,该机制仅在TKA术后病人中得以验证,但Imagama等[7]认为,TKA病人与HA病人疼痛抑制机制相似,故推测该药物对减轻HA病人的术后疼痛同样有效。建议未来学者协同骨科、疼痛科等专业人员验证该药物干预机制在术前存在中枢敏化的HA病人中的有效性及其对关节遗忘程度的促进作用。
本研究发现,关节遗忘能够促进HA病人生理功能全面恢复以及心理健康与社会功能重建。但目前关节遗忘对HA病人预后效果的随访时间多为术后1、3、6个月及术后1年,术后2年及以上的研究极少,平均随访时间较短,且样本量较少。Hiyama等[34]研究发现,关节遗忘会随术后时间延长呈现动态变化趋势,在术后6个月内TKA病人的关节遗忘度逐渐提高,但在术后6~12个月会到达平台期。此外,研究发现,关节遗忘对关节置换术病人预后的效果需采用纵向研究设计进行长期跟踪研究,病人在长期康复过程中,部分指标可能会因整体健康问题干扰出现恶化[4,35]。目前,对于关节遗忘是否能够对HA病人持续产生积极影响以及在面对其他健康问题时能否有效避免干扰研究相对较少。因此,建议学者今后在研究中应扩大样本量,并对关节遗忘进行长期纵向追踪,以充分了解关节遗忘对HA病人预后的远期影响。
本研究对关节遗忘在HA病人中应用的相关研究进行范围综述,从关节遗忘的影响因素、促进HA病人关节遗忘的干预方法以及关节遗忘对HA病人预后的影响等方面介绍关节遗忘的价值,对临床工作及护理研究有一定意义。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.022
  • 接收时间:2025-07-30
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-07-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-30
  • 修回日期:2026-04-11
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    1上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院,上海 200233
    2遵义医科大学护理学院
    3上海交通大学医学院护理学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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属
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species
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species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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