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Article(id=1322929642230907167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1754496000000, receivedDateStr=2025-08-07, revisedDate=1776614400000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340605551, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784908800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340605551, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340605551, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340605551, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322929547464815391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='14', pageStart='2385', pageEnd='2576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784908800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793340582958, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343111003, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940150912790807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940150912790808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2475, endPage=2481, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322929642478371104, articleId=1322929642230907167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Latent profile analysis of body image dissatisfaction and their influencing factors among young adults, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To investigate the categories of body image dissatisfaction among young adults and analyze their influencing factors.

Methods

A total of 3 990 students from four schools in Luzhou and Yibin cities were selected as research subjects by a convenience sampling method from November 2024 to January 2025.Surveys were conducted using a general information questionnaire,the Chinese Short Version of the Negative Physical Self Scale(NPSC),the Sociocultural Attitudes' Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3(SATAQ-3),the Chinese version of Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire-Restrained eating(DEBQ),and the Chinese version of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI-Ⅱ).Latent profile analysis and Logistic regression analysis were employed to explore the categories of body image dissatisfaction among young adults and their influencing factors.

Results

The score on the Chinese Short version of NPSC for 3 990 young adults was 2.47±0.56.Body image dissatisfaction among young adults was classified into four categories,namely stable satisfaction type(51.0%),mild dissatisfaction type(31.4%),moderate dissatisfaction type(6.4%),and clinical risk type(11.3%).The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,school type,BMI,SATAQ-3 score,Chinese version of DEBQ score,and Chinese version of BDI-Ⅱ score were influencing factors for the categories of body image dissatisfaction among young adults(all P<0.05).

Conclusions

Body image dissatisfaction among young adults was at a moderate level,and there was group heterogeneity.Researchers could develop intervention measures based on the influencing factors to help young adults establish a positive body image.

, authors=Li LIU1, Yuting ZHANG2, Fangfang WEN3, Fengmei TAN1, Yanhua CHEN1, Xiaolei ZHAO1, authorsList=Li LIU, Yuting ZHANG, Fangfang WEN, Fengmei TAN, Yanhua CHEN, Xiaolei ZHAO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xiaolei ZHAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322929643149459747, articleId=1322929642230907167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=青年人身体意象不满潜在剖面分析及其影响因素, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

调查青年人身体意象不满的类别并分析其影响因素。

方法

采用方便抽样方法，于2024年11月—2025年1月选取泸州市和宜宾市4所学校的3 990名在校生为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、中文简版负面身体意象量表（NPSC）、外表社会文化态度量表（SATAQ-3）、中文版限制性进食量表（DEBQ）、中文版贝克抑郁量表第2版（BDI-Ⅱ）进行调查，采用潜在剖面分析和Logistic回归分析探讨青年人身体意象不满的类别及其影响因素。

结果

3 990名青年人中文简版NPSC得分为（2.47±0.56）分。青年人身体意象不满可分为稳定满意型（51.0%）、轻度不满型（31.4%）、中度不满型（6.4%）和临床风险型（11.3%）4个类别。Logistic回归分析结果显示，性别、学校类型、体质指数、SATAQ-3得分、中文版DEBQ得分、中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分为青年人身体意象不满类别的影响因素（均P<0.05）。

结论

青年人身体意象不满处于中等水平，且存在群体异质性。研究者可根据其影响因素制定干预措施，帮助青年人建立积极的身体意象。

, authors=刘利1, 张玉婷2, 文方芳3, 谭逢梅1, 陈燕华1, 赵小磊1, *, *, authorsList=刘利, 张玉婷, 文方芳, 谭逢梅, 陈燕华, 赵小磊, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=赵小磊, authorNote=

刘利，护师，硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
赵小磊，E-mail:
ZHAO Xiaolei, E-mail:
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unstructuredReference=Duchesne A P,Dion J,Lalande D,et al.Body dissatisfaction and psychological distress in adolescents:is self-esteem a mediator?[J].Journal of Health Psychology,2017,22(12):1563-1569., articleTitle=Body dissatisfaction and psychological distress in adolescents:is self-esteem a mediator?, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322929643522752804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929642230907167, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322929643531141413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929642230907167, companyId=1322929643522752804, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322929643552112934, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929642230907167, 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figureFileSmall=4WkaTgWa3pazerdv73VGhA==, figureFileBig=pbRRgkio2SibRXHRa4DVHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929648174235990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929642230907167, language=CN, label=图1, caption=青年人身体意象不满的潜在剖面类别特征, figureFileSmall=4WkaTgWa3pazerdv73VGhA==, figureFileBig=pbRRgkio2SibRXHRa4DVHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929649956815191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929642230907167, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Fit indices of the latent profile model for body image dissatisfaction among young adults

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模型AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率类别人数（人）
LMRTBLRT
141 340.57241 390.90541 365.4841.0003 990
238 885.76738 967.55738 926.2490.738<0.001<0.0010.692/0.3082 761/1 229
338 351.34738 464.59438 407.3980.696<0.001<0.0010.492/0.402/0.1071 962/1 602/426
431 973.09832 117.80432 044.7200.918<0.001<0.0010.510/0.314/0.064/0.1132 034/1 251/255/450
531 195.43631 371.59931 282.6270.8720.251<0.0010.415/0.265/0.112/0.113/0.0951 655/1 059/447/450/379
), ArticleFig(id=1322929650044895576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929642230907167, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

青年人身体意象不满潜在剖面模型的拟合指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率类别人数（人）
LMRTBLRT
141 340.57241 390.90541 365.4841.0003 990
238 885.76738 967.55738 926.2490.738<0.001<0.0010.692/0.3082 761/1 229
338 351.34738 464.59438 407.3980.696<0.001<0.0010.492/0.402/0.1071 962/1 602/426
431 973.09832 117.80432 044.7200.918<0.001<0.0010.510/0.314/0.064/0.1132 034/1 251/255/450
531 195.43631 371.59931 282.6270.8720.251<0.0010.415/0.265/0.112/0.113/0.0951 655/1 059/447/450/379
), ArticleFig(id=1322929650212667737, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929642230907167, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis of influencing factors for categories of body image dissatisfaction among young adults

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类稳定满意型（n=2 034）轻度不满型（n=1 251）中度不满型（n=255）临床风险型（n=450）P
学校类型[人（%）]中职学校1 483（72.9）901（72.0）188（73.7）328（72.9）
普通高中236（11.6）173（13.8）60（23.5）94（20.9）0.003
本科高校315（15.5）177（14.1）7（2.7）28（6.2）
性别[人（%）]男247（12.1）192（15.3）25（9.8）74（16.4）0.004
女1 787（87.9）1 059（84.7）230（90.2）376（83.6）
BMI（kg/m2）19.22（17.74,21.30）19.53（17.99,21.64）21.36（19.29,23.93）19.51（18.03,22.03）<0.001
遭遇重大变故[人（%）]否1 626（79.9）964（77.1）166（65.1）318（70.7）<0.001
是408（20.1）287（22.9）89（34.9）132（29.3）
SATAQ-3得分（分）2.33（2.00，2.60）2.53（2.26，2.80）2.93（2.60，3.20）2.86（2.53，3.33）<0.001
中文版DEBQ得分（分）2.18（1.63，2.72）2.36（1.81，2.90）3.27（2.90，3.63）2.81（1.90，3.55）<0.001
中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分（分）26（21，34）29（23，38）40（32，48）39（29，48）<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929650300748122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929642230907167, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

青年人身体意象不满类别影响因素的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类稳定满意型（n=2 034）轻度不满型（n=1 251）中度不满型（n=255）临床风险型（n=450）P
学校类型[人（%）]中职学校1 483（72.9）901（72.0）188（73.7）328（72.9）
普通高中236（11.6）173（13.8）60（23.5）94（20.9）0.003
本科高校315（15.5）177（14.1）7（2.7）28（6.2）
性别[人（%）]男247（12.1）192（15.3）25（9.8）74（16.4）0.004
女1 787（87.9）1 059（84.7）230（90.2）376（83.6）
BMI（kg/m2）19.22（17.74,21.30）19.53（17.99,21.64）21.36（19.29,23.93）19.51（18.03,22.03）<0.001
遭遇重大变故[人（%）]否1 626（79.9）964（77.1）166（65.1）318（70.7）<0.001
是408（20.1）287（22.9）89（34.9）132（29.3）
SATAQ-3得分（分）2.33（2.00，2.60）2.53（2.26，2.80）2.93（2.60，3.20）2.86（2.53，3.33）<0.001
中文版DEBQ得分（分）2.18（1.63，2.72）2.36（1.81，2.90）3.27（2.90，3.63）2.81（1.90，3.55）<0.001
中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分（分）26（21，34）29（23，38）40（32，48）39（29，48）<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929650397217115, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929642230907167, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Multivariate analysis of influencing factors for categories of body image dissatisfaction among young adults

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分类变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
轻度不满型①常数-4.1630.69136.288<0.001
SATAQ-3得分0.7890.08683.649<0.0012.201[1.858，2.606]
中文版DEBQ得分0.1200.0584.3050.0381.127[1.007，1.263]
中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分0.0140.00412.223<0.0011.014[1.006，1.023]
性别0.3750.11011.5530.0011.454[1.172，1.805]
学校类型 中职学校0.3520.1396.4270.0111.422[1.083，1.867]
普通高中0.3820.1595.8010.0161.465[1.074，1.999]
中度不满型①常数-15.1201.443109.801<0.001
BMI0.1070.02027.982<0.0011.113[1.070，1.158]
SATAQ-3得分1.8100.170112.794<0.0016.109[4.374，8.531]
中文版DEBQ得分1.0020.11083.762<0.0012.725[2.198，3.377]
中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分0.0520.00756.211<0.0011.053[1.039，1.068]
学校类型 中职学校2.2360.43426.507<0.0019.359[3.995，21.926]
普通高中2.4250.44329.926<0.00111.305[4.741，26.955]
临床风险型①常数-11.2511.13298.745<0.001
SATAQ-3得分2.1880.138250.497<0.0018.915[6.799，11.689]
中文版DEBQ得分0.3170.08514.018<0.0011.374[1.163，1.622]
中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分0.0590.006111.645<0.0011.061[1.049，1.072]
性别0.6830.17215.862<0.0011.980[1.415，2.771]
学校类型 中职学校1.5850.25937.359<0.0014.881[2.936，8.114]
普通高中1.7580.27540.771<0.0015.803[3.382，9.955]
), ArticleFig(id=1322929650468520284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929642230907167, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

青年人身体意象不满类别影响因素的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
分类变量回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
轻度不满型①常数-4.1630.69136.288<0.001
SATAQ-3得分0.7890.08683.649<0.0012.201[1.858，2.606]
中文版DEBQ得分0.1200.0584.3050.0381.127[1.007，1.263]
中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分0.0140.00412.223<0.0011.014[1.006，1.023]
性别0.3750.11011.5530.0011.454[1.172，1.805]
学校类型 中职学校0.3520.1396.4270.0111.422[1.083，1.867]
普通高中0.3820.1595.8010.0161.465[1.074，1.999]
中度不满型①常数-15.1201.443109.801<0.001
BMI0.1070.02027.982<0.0011.113[1.070，1.158]
SATAQ-3得分1.8100.170112.794<0.0016.109[4.374，8.531]
中文版DEBQ得分1.0020.11083.762<0.0012.725[2.198，3.377]
中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分0.0520.00756.211<0.0011.053[1.039，1.068]
学校类型 中职学校2.2360.43426.507<0.0019.359[3.995，21.926]
普通高中2.4250.44329.926<0.00111.305[4.741，26.955]
临床风险型①常数-11.2511.13298.745<0.001
SATAQ-3得分2.1880.138250.497<0.0018.915[6.799，11.689]
中文版DEBQ得分0.3170.08514.018<0.0011.374[1.163，1.622]
中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分0.0590.006111.645<0.0011.061[1.049，1.072]
性别0.6830.17215.862<0.0011.980[1.415，2.771]
学校类型 中职学校1.5850.25937.359<0.0014.881[2.936，8.114]
普通高中1.7580.27540.771<0.0015.803[3.382，9.955]
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青年人身体意象不满潜在剖面分析及其影响因素
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刘利 1 , 张玉婷 2 , 文方芳 3 , 谭逢梅 1 , 陈燕华 1 , 赵小磊 1, *, *
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(14): 2475-2481
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (14) : 2475 -2481
青年人身体意象不满潜在剖面分析及其影响因素
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刘利1, 张玉婷2, 文方芳3, 谭逢梅1, 陈燕华1, 赵小磊1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1西南医科大学附属医院，四川 646000
  • 2西南医科大学护理学院
  • 3四川省宜宾卫生学校
通讯作者:
赵小磊，E-mail:
ZHAO Xiaolei, E-mail:
作者简介:

刘利，护师，硕士研究生在读

Latent profile analysis of body image dissatisfaction and their influencing factors among young adults
Li LIU1, Yuting ZHANG2, Fangfang WEN3, Fengmei TAN1, Yanhua CHEN1, Xiaolei ZHAO1
Affiliations
  • 1The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Sichuan 646000 China
  • 2School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University
  • 3Yibin Health School of Sichuan Province
出版时间: 2026-07-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.012
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摘要
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目的

调查青年人身体意象不满的类别并分析其影响因素。

方法

采用方便抽样方法，于2024年11月—2025年1月选取泸州市和宜宾市4所学校的3 990名在校生为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、中文简版负面身体意象量表（NPSC）、外表社会文化态度量表（SATAQ-3）、中文版限制性进食量表（DEBQ）、中文版贝克抑郁量表第2版（BDI-Ⅱ）进行调查，采用潜在剖面分析和Logistic回归分析探讨青年人身体意象不满的类别及其影响因素。

结果

3 990名青年人中文简版NPSC得分为（2.47±0.56）分。青年人身体意象不满可分为稳定满意型（51.0%）、轻度不满型（31.4%）、中度不满型（6.4%）和临床风险型（11.3%）4个类别。Logistic回归分析结果显示，性别、学校类型、体质指数、SATAQ-3得分、中文版DEBQ得分、中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分为青年人身体意象不满类别的影响因素（均P<0.05）。

结论

青年人身体意象不满处于中等水平，且存在群体异质性。研究者可根据其影响因素制定干预措施，帮助青年人建立积极的身体意象。

青年人  /  学生  /  身体意象不满  /  潜在剖面分析  /  影响因素
Objective

To investigate the categories of body image dissatisfaction among young adults and analyze their influencing factors.

Methods

A total of 3 990 students from four schools in Luzhou and Yibin cities were selected as research subjects by a convenience sampling method from November 2024 to January 2025.Surveys were conducted using a general information questionnaire,the Chinese Short Version of the Negative Physical Self Scale(NPSC),the Sociocultural Attitudes' Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3(SATAQ-3),the Chinese version of Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire-Restrained eating(DEBQ),and the Chinese version of Beck Depression Inventory(BDI-Ⅱ).Latent profile analysis and Logistic regression analysis were employed to explore the categories of body image dissatisfaction among young adults and their influencing factors.

Results

The score on the Chinese Short version of NPSC for 3 990 young adults was 2.47±0.56.Body image dissatisfaction among young adults was classified into four categories,namely stable satisfaction type(51.0%),mild dissatisfaction type(31.4%),moderate dissatisfaction type(6.4%),and clinical risk type(11.3%).The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that gender,school type,BMI,SATAQ-3 score,Chinese version of DEBQ score,and Chinese version of BDI-Ⅱ score were influencing factors for the categories of body image dissatisfaction among young adults(all P<0.05).

Conclusions

Body image dissatisfaction among young adults was at a moderate level,and there was group heterogeneity.Researchers could develop intervention measures based on the influencing factors to help young adults establish a positive body image.

young adults  /  students  /  body image dissatisfaction  /  latent profile analysis  /  influencing factors
刘利, 张玉婷, 文方芳, 谭逢梅, 陈燕华, 赵小磊. 青年人身体意象不满潜在剖面分析及其影响因素. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (14) : 2475 -2481 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.012
Li LIU, Yuting ZHANG, Fangfang WEN, Fengmei TAN, Yanhua CHEN, Xiaolei ZHAO. Latent profile analysis of body image dissatisfaction and their influencing factors among young adults[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (14) : 2475 -2481 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.012
正文
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身体意象不满（body image dissatisfaction）是指个体对自身的外貌、体型或体重等持有的负面评价和不愉快的情绪体验[1-2]。世界卫生组织（WHO）和联合国将青年人定义为年龄为15~24岁的人群。青年人处于生理、心理和社交发展的过渡期，其受激素变化、学业或工作压力、同龄人比较、社会媒体对理想外貌的宣扬等影响，容易产生身体意象不满。Milton等[3]对澳大利亚、加拿大、新西兰、英国和美国的10 765名16~25岁青年人进行调查，结果显示，75.19%的青年人报告了身体意象不满。钟蕴瑜[1]对四川省和重庆市的4 149名大学生进行调查，结果显示，55.2%的大学生存在身体意象不满。但现有研究多聚焦于对不同国家和地区大学生、高中生等青年人群身体意象不满发生率及影响因素的分析[4-12]，难以精准识别身体意象不满的高危人群。本研究以Thompson三方影响模型[13]为理论框架，对中职学校学生、普通高中学生和本科高校学生3类不同青年学生群体的身体意象不满现状进行调查，通过潜在剖面分析探讨青年群体身体意象不满的潜在类别，并分析不同类别的影响因素，旨在为精准识别身体意象不满高危人群提供参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
采用方便抽样方法，于2024年11月—2025年1月选取泸州市和宜宾市的2所中职学校、1所普通高中、1所本科高校的在校生为研究对象。纳入标准：年龄15~24岁；在校生；具备正常的认知能力，能够准确理解和回答调查问卷中的问题；知情同意且自愿参与本研究；有智能手机。排除标准：患有严重精神、心理疾病（如精神分裂症、抑郁症等）且病情处于不稳定期；休学、退学。借助G*Power 3.1软件计算样本量，采用Logistic regression样本量估算公式，根据以往文献研究结果[5]，将预期效应量设为1.5，将中等效应量设为0.2，α=0.05，β=0.1，计算得到最小样本量为503人。考虑20%的无效样本，应至少纳入636名青年人。本研究已获得西南医科大学附属医院临床试验伦理委员会批准（编号：KY2025267）。
1.2　调查工具
1.2.1　一般资料调查表
研究者在文献回顾的基础上自行设计一般资料调查表，包括学校类型、年龄、性别、身高、体重、体质指数（BMI）、是否遭遇重大变故等。
1.2.2　中文简版负面身体意象量表（Negative Physical Self Scale，NPSC）
NPSC由Chen等[6]编制，刘达青[7]对该量表进行简化及信效度检验。量表包含整体不满意（3个条目）、胖不满意（9个条目）、相貌不满意（7个条目）、矮不满意（8个条目）4个维度，共27个条目，采用Likert 5级评分法，从“完全不符合”到“完全符合”依次计1~5分，均分≥3分为存在身体意象不满。中文简版NPSC的Cronbach's α系数为0.889 0[7]。本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.912。
1.2.3　外表社会文化态度量表（Sociocultural Attitudes' Toward Appearance Questionnaire-3，SATAQ-3）
该量表由刘达青[7]汉化修订，包含媒体关注子量表（6个条目）、内化子量表（9个条目）2个子量表，共15个条目，采用Likert 5级评分法，从“完全不符合”到“完全符合”依次计1~5分，得分越高表明个体受媒体影响内化程度越严重。SATAQ-3的Cronbach's α系数为0.887 6[7]。本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.869。
1.2.4　中文版限制性进食量表（Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire-Restrained Eating，DEBQ）
DEBQ为Van Strien等[8]编制的荷兰饮食行为问卷中的分量表，用以测量被试者的节食意愿和行为程度。量表由10个条目组成，采用Likert 5级评分法，从“从不”到“总是”依次计1~5分，得分越高表示限制性进食越严重。中文版DEBQ的Cronbach's α系数为0.76~0.93[9]。本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.946。
1.2.5　中文版贝克抑郁量表第2版（Beck Depression Inventory-Ⅱ，BDI-Ⅱ）
该量表共21个条目，采用Likert 4级评分法，“没有症状”“轻度”“中度”“重度”依次计0、1、2、3分，总分0~63分，0~13分为无抑郁，14~19分为轻度抑郁，20~28分为中度抑郁，29~63分为重度抑郁[10]。中文版BDI-Ⅱ的Cronbach's α系数为0.94[10]。本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.926。
1.3　资料收集方法
通过问卷星平台进行问卷发放与数据收集。研究者联系各学校相关负责人，说明调查目的、研究对象纳入与排除标准；征得学校领导同意后，将问卷星二维码发给相关负责人，再由班主任或辅导员发放至学生。问卷所有题目设为必答题，每个微信IP地址只能提交1次。问卷匿名填写，学生自愿参与。最终回收问卷4 807份，剔除测试题选择错误、所有问题选项一致、填写时长<3 min的问卷，最终获得有效问卷3 990份，问卷有效率为83.0%。
1.4　统计学方法
采用SPSS 25.0软件进行统计分析，使用K-S检验定量资料是否服从正态分布，服从正态分布或近似正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差（x±s）表示，组间比较采用单因素方差分析；非正态分布的定量资料以中位数（四分位数）[M（P25，P75）]表示，组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis检验。定性资料以频数、百分比（%）表示，组间比较采用χ2检验进行。采用Logistic回归分析探讨影响因素。采用Mplus 8.1.1建立潜在剖面模型，采用艾凯克信息准则（Akaike information criterion，AIC）、贝叶斯信息准则（Bayesian information criterion，BIC）及经过样本校正的贝叶斯信息准则（adjusted Bayesian information criterion，aBIC）、信息熵（Entropy）、罗-梦戴尔-鲁本校正似然比检验（Lo-Mendell-Rubin likelihood ratio test，LMRT）以及基于Bootstrap的似然比检验（Bootstrap likelihood ratio test，BLRT）对模型进行评价，其中AIC、BIC、aBIC值越小表示模型拟合越好；Entropy取值0~1，Entropy值越大表明分类准确率越高；采用LMRT和BLRT比较k-1个类别和k个类别模型的拟合差异，P<0.05表明k个类别的模型优于k-1个类别的模型。以P<0.05为有统计学意义。
2　结果
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2.1　青年人身体意象不满发生情况
3 990名青年人身体意象不满发生率为19.97%（797/3 990），中文简版NPSC得分为（2.47±0.56）分。
2.2　青年人身体意象不满的潜在剖面分析
以中文简版NPSC的4个维度得分为外显变量，共拟合5个模型，随着模型拟合数量增加，AIC、BIC、aBIC逐渐减小，模型2~模型4的LMRT和BLRT均有统计学意义（P<0.05），模型4的Entropy最高（>0.8），最终确定模型4为最优模型。见表1。
2.3　青年人身体意象不满类别特征及命名
模型4将青年人身体意象不满分为4个类别，基于中文简版NPSC的4个维度得分进行特征分析，结果显示，类别1青年人占51.0%（2 034人），其中文简版NPSC的4个维度得分在4个类别中均最低，故命名为“稳定满意型”。类别2青年人占31.4%（1 251人），其中文简版NPSC的4个维度得分处于较低水平，相貌不满意维度均分为3.00分，故命名为“轻度不满型”。类别3青年人占6.4%（255人），其中文简版NPSC的4个维度得分相对较高，中文简版NPSC均分为3.00分，故命名为“中度不满型”。类别4青年人占11.3%（450人），其中文简版NPSC的4个维度得分在4个类别中均最高，中文简版NPSC均分为3.22分，故命名为“临床风险型”。见图1。
2.4　青年人身体意象不满类别影响因素的单因素分析（见表2）
2.5　青年人身体意象不满类别影响因素的多因素分析
以青年人身体意象不满类别为因变量，以单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量为自变量进行Logistic回归分析。自变量赋值方式：学校类型，本科高校=（0，0），中职学校=（1，0），普通高中=（0，1）；性别，女=1，男=2；遭遇重大变故，否=1，是=2；BMI、SATAQ-3得分、中文版DEBQ得分、中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分以原值输入。多因素分析结果显示，性别、学校类型、BMI、SATAQ-3得分、中文版DEBQ得分、中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分为青年人身体意象不满类别的影响因素（均P<0.05）。详见表3。
3　讨论
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3.1　青年人身体意象不满现状
本研究结果显示，3 990名青年人中文简版NPSC得分为（2.47±0.56）分，处于中等水平；其中797名（19.97%）青年人存在身体意象不满（NPSC≥3分），远低于钟蕴瑜[1]研究结果，这可能与本研究中中职学生较多有关。本研究中青年人“胖不满意”维度得分较低，这可能与本研究中青年人处于正常或偏瘦范围（BMI<24.0 kg/m2），其对胖的关注度相对较低有关。Jankauskiene等[11]研究结果显示，BMI较高的群体往往存在较严重的身体意象不满意。
3.2　青年人身体意象不满类别
本研究通过潜在剖面分析将青年人身体意象不满分为4个类别。临床风险型青年人占11.3%（450人），其中文简版NPSC均分为3.22分，且SATAQ-3得分、中文版DEBQ得分、中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分在4个类别中均较高，提示该类人群正承受多维心理与社会文化压力，需作为重点关注对象实施心理和行为干预。中度不满型青年人占6.4%，其中文简版NPSC均分为3.00分，身体意象达中度水平，可通过预防性干预阻断身体意象不满的行为失调问题。轻度不满型占31.4%，其中文简版NPSC的相貌不满意维度均分为3.00分，需重点开展身体意象的认知教育。稳定满意型占51.0%，其中文简版NPSC各维度得分均最低，反映出该群体对自身身体意象的接纳度较高。
3.3　青年人身体意象不满类别的影响因素
3.3.1　性别
本研究结果显示，与稳定满意型相比，男性青年人更易归为临床风险型、轻度不满型，与既往研究结果（身体意象不满主要影响女性）有所不同[4，12]，提示男性同样面临身体意象困扰及饮食行为紊乱问题，且易被传统认知所忽视[14-15]。本研究中男性身体意象不满呈现低发生率、高严重性特征，这一结果可能与筛选偏倚有关，男性仅在严重身体意象不满时才被识别或报告，而轻中度症状的男性常因社会期望压力、病耻感或情绪表达习惯差异被忽视。也有研究指出，当前分类体系以女性为中心，男性表现出的非典型症状（如肌肉不满）缺乏合适的评估工具，加之社会污名化，易导致男性问题被系统性低估[16]。
3.3.2　学校类型
本研究结果显示，相较于稳定满意型，普通高中和中职学校青年人更易归为临床风险型、轻度不满型、中度不满型（均P<0.05）。一项研究结果显示，身体意象不满在中学阶段达到峰值，而在向成年早期过渡时因社会角色转变和心理成熟而呈现缓解趋势[17]。此外，我国的普通高中及中职学校学生处于相对封闭的教育环境中，这种环境使得同伴之间的外貌谈论与外貌评论更加频繁[18]。且这一阶段青少年的媒体素养和批判性思维能力尚未成熟，导致其更易将媒体传播的理想外观形象高度内化。与之相比，高校本科学生已进入成年初期，身心发展趋于稳定。未来应优先关注普通高中与中职学校青年人，可通过减少同伴间负面的外貌评价、加强媒体素养教育等，依据其所处的具体生态背景，设计并实施精准化的干预策略。
3.3.3　BMI
本研究结果显示，相较于稳定满意型，BMI较高的青年人更易归为中度不满型（均P<0.05）。已有研究结果显示，BMI与身体意象不满呈正相关[19-20]。这可能与超重或肥胖的青年人更容易对自身身体意象产生负面评价有关[21]；在“以瘦为美”的主流审美观念下，超重或肥胖的青年人可能因自身不符合社会理想体型而承受较大的外部评价压力，进而内化为对自身身体意象的不满[22-23]。超重或肥胖者可能因饮食管理困难、运动不足等体重管理困难加剧负面情绪（如抑郁），强化身体意象不满[24-25]。
3.3.4　外表社会文化态度
本研究结果显示，相较于稳定满意型，SATAQ-3得分较高的青年人更易归为临床风险型、中度不满型、轻度不满型（均P<0.05）。与Amaral等[26]研究结果相似。根据Thompson的三方影响模型[13,27]，媒体、同龄人和家庭是影响个体身体意象不满的主要社会文化来源。社交媒体“以瘦为美”的审美标准、同龄人之间的外貌比较和嘲讽行为、家庭成员对青年人身体形象的关注和评价等均可使青年人通过内化机制将“理想形象”作为自我评价标准，放大对自身身体意象的不满。今后应关注社会文化环境对青年人身体意象不满的影响，可通过提升媒体素养等帮助青少年批判性地看待媒体信息，减少“理想形象”的内化。
3.3.5　限制性进食
本研究结果显示，相较于稳定满意型，中文版DEBQ得分较高的青年人更易归为临床风险型、中度不满型、轻度不满型（均P<0.05）。与Foster等[28-29]研究结果相似。长期的限制性进食可导致青年人体重波动和负面情绪，加剧对身体意象的负面评价[30]。同时，身体意象不满可促使青年人采取节食或限制性进食行为改变体型[31]。今后应关注青年人的心理健康及限制性进食行为，减少其对身体意象的负面影响。
3.3.6　抑郁
本研究结果显示，相较于稳定满意型，中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分较高的青年人更易归为临床风险型、中度不满型、轻度不满型（均P<0.05）。已有研究结果显示，身体意象不满与抑郁症状存在双向关联[32]，即身体意象不满的人群抑郁得分升高，抑郁得分高的人群也可能存在严重的身体意象不满问题。未来对临床风险型的身体意象不满青年人应加强心理健康评估，必要时联合认知行为疗法等心理干预，以改善青年人自我认知和情绪调节能力。
4　本研究的局限性
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本研究仅在泸州市和宜宾市2个城市招募研究对象，样本代表性不足；研究数据主要源于自我报告，未纳入青年人饮食等身体意象不满相关行为；且研究设计为横断面研究，难以揭示变量间的因果关系。未来，研究者可考虑扩大样本纳入范围，采用随机抽样、纵向研究方法，深入探究青年人身体意象不满的影响机制，通过认知、行为干预等帮助青年人建立积极的身体意象。
5　小结
收起
青年人身体意象不满总体处于中等水平，潜在剖面分析结果显示，青年人身体意象不满存在4个类别，即稳定满意型、轻度不满型、中度不满型、临床风险型。性别、学校类型、BMI、SATAQ-3得分、中文版DEBQ得分、中文版BDI-Ⅱ得分为青年人身体意象不满类别的影响因素。今后研究者可开展多中心、多年龄层的大样本纵向研究，进一步明确青年人身体意象不满的影响因素及动态变化机制，并通过认知、行为干预等帮助青年人建立积极的身体意象。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.012
  • 接收时间：2025-08-07
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2026-07-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-08-07
  • 修回日期：2026-04-20
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    1西南医科大学附属医院，四川 646000
    2西南医科大学护理学院
    3四川省宜宾卫生学校

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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