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Article(id=1322929680097083971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.008, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1757174400000, receivedDateStr=2025-09-07, revisedDate=1776960000000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793340614579, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1784908800000, pubDateStr=2026-07-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793340614579, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793340614579, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793340614579, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322929547464815391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='14', pageStart='2385', pageEnd='2576', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1784908800000', pubDateStr='2026-07-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793340582958, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343111003, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940150912790807, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940150912790808, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322929547464815391, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2444, endPage=2451, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322929681326015045, articleId=1322929680097083971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Categories of decision fatigue in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients and Nomogram analysis, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the categories of decision fatigue in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients,analyze their influencing factors,and construct a Nomogram model.

Methods

A total of 188 young and middle-aged breast cancer patients admitting to our hospital were selected as the study subjects by a convenience sample method from June 2023 to January 2025.The patients were surveyed using a general information questionnaire,the Decision Fatigue Scale,the Chinese version of the Decision Self-Efficacy Scale,the Decision Preparation Scale,and the Family Care Index.A latent class growth model was used to identify the categories of decision fatigue among patients. Logistic regression analysis was employed to screen for factors influencing decision fatigue categories.The R 4.2.1 software was used to construct a Nomogram model.The predictive performance of the Nomogram model was evaluated.

Results

The decision fatigue score of young and middle-aged breast cancer patients was 17.74±2.63.Two categories were identified,namely a low decision fatigue group(70.2%) and a high decision fatigue group(29.8%).Age,education level,average monthly household income,awareness of specific tumor stage,whether radiotherapy or chemotherapy had been received,family care index,decision preparation score,and decision self-efficacy score were all influencing factors for decision fatigue categories in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients(P<0.05).A Nomogram model for predicting the risk of high decision fatigue in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients was constructed based on the influencing factors.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.864,with a sensitivity of 87.50% and a specificity of 77.42%.The calibration curve approached the ideal curve.The net benefit value of the model was positive when the threshold probability ranged from 2% to 97%.

Conclusions

The level of decision fatigue in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients is relatively higher.Decision preparation and decision self-efficacy could influence decision fatigue categories.The Nomogram constructed in this study is beneficial for identifying patients with high decision fatigue.

, authors=Ke CHEN, Yanyan LIAO, Chang XU, Changmin LIU, authorsList=Ke CHEN, Yanyan LIAO, Chang XU, Changmin LIU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yanyan LIAO, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322929682827575888, articleId=1322929680097083971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别及列线图分析, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别，分析其影响因素并构建列线图模型。

方法

便利选择2023年6月—2025年1月我院收治的188例中青年乳腺癌病人为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、决策疲劳量表、中文版决策自我效能量表、决策准备度量表、家庭关怀度量表进行调查。采用潜在类别增长模型识别病人决策疲劳类别，采用Logistic回归分析筛选决策疲劳类别的影响因素，采用R 4.2.1软件构建列线图模型，并评估模型的预测效能。

结果

中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳得分为（17.74±2.63）分，其可分为低决策疲劳组（70.2%）和高决策疲劳组（29.8%）2个类别，年龄、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、知晓具体肿瘤分期、是否接受放化疗、家庭关怀度、决策准备度评分、决策自我效能评分均是中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别的影响因素（P<0.05）。基于影响因素构建中青年乳腺癌病人高决策疲劳风险预测列线图模型，受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.864，灵敏度为87.50%，特异度为77.42%，校准曲线趋近于理想曲线，阈值概率为2%~97%时模型的净获益值为正值。

结论

中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳水平较高，决策准备度、决策自我效能可影响决策疲劳类别。本研究构建的列线图有利于识别高决策疲劳病人。

, authors=谌珂, 廖妍妍*, *, 徐唱, 刘长敏, authorsList=谌珂, 廖妍妍, 徐唱, 刘长敏, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=廖妍妍, authorNote=

谌珂，护师，本科

, correspAuthorsNote=
廖妍妍，E-mail:
LIAO Yanyan, E-mail:
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articleTitle=介入封堵术后PDA患儿并发血小板减少的早期预测及护理对策研究, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322929683091817042, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322929683104399955, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, companyId=1322929683091817042, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210036 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322929683112788564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, companyId=1322929683091817042, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1南京医科大学第一附属医院，江苏 210036)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322929685713257082, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Categories characteristics of decision fatigue in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients, figureFileSmall=Es/4kLmD8itebjZYULoWKw==, figureFileBig=kxllzLkfbu2Gg5C4AiR2uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929685797143163, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=CN, label=图1, caption=中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳的类别特征, figureFileSmall=Es/4kLmD8itebjZYULoWKw==, figureFileBig=kxllzLkfbu2Gg5C4AiR2uQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929685998469756, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Nomogram for predicting high risk of decision fatigue in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients, figureFileSmall=XSYZa8LM8L0jyiCLcJdbXA==, figureFileBig=bm6gGajvzCRHL8dOhTNudQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929686086550141, 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of the Nomogram model, figureFileSmall=dr/MaOnHirSFI8XTIpjRYA==, figureFileBig=x0xiDF6oaEaappKSUVD8QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929686703112833, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=CN, label=图4, caption=列线图模型的校正曲线, figureFileSmall=dr/MaOnHirSFI8XTIpjRYA==, figureFileBig=x0xiDF6oaEaappKSUVD8QQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929686782804610, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=EN, label=Figure 5, caption=Decision curve of the Nomogram model, figureFileSmall=GDXm3azRNGCcBLLq1kwMXw==, figureFileBig=vcpIG6mgmE3C0/aZHEGlNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929686849913475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=CN, label=图5, caption=列线图模型的决策曲线, figureFileSmall=GDXm3azRNGCcBLLq1kwMXw==, figureFileBig=vcpIG6mgmE3C0/aZHEGlNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322929686946382468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Fit indices of latent profiles of decision fatigue in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率
LMRTBLRT
14 222.6824 282.6674 246.3551.000
23 831.4643 817.4313 851.0570.935<0.001<0.0010.298/0.702
33 641.6803 730.2713 678.4800.9020.018<0.0010.080/0.367/0.553
43 532.4073 573.6073 540.4510.8870.332<0.0010.117/0.271/0.207/0.404
53 484.9843 519.6283 499.6510.8440.458<0.0010.234/0.133/0.154/0.261/0.218
), ArticleFig(id=1322929687034462853, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳潜在剖面的拟合指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型AICBICaBICEntropyP类别概率
LMRTBLRT
14 222.6824 282.6674 246.3551.000
23 831.4643 817.4313 851.0570.935<0.001<0.0010.298/0.702
33 641.6803 730.2713 678.4800.9020.018<0.0010.080/0.367/0.553
43 532.4073 573.6073 540.4510.8870.332<0.0010.117/0.271/0.207/0.404
53 484.9843 519.6283 499.6510.8440.458<0.0010.234/0.133/0.154/0.261/0.218
), ArticleFig(id=1322929687105766022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Univariate analysis of factors influencing decision fatigue categories in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类高决策疲劳组（n=56）低决策疲劳组（n=132）统计值P
年龄[例（%）]<40岁11（19.64）47（35.61）
40~55岁19（33.93）57（43.18）χ2=12.7850.002
>55岁26（46.43）28（21.21）
受教育程度[例（%）]初中及以下31（55.36）52（39.39）χ2=4.0630.044
初中以上25（44.64）80（60.61）
居住地[例（%）]农村29（51.79）68（51.52）χ2=0.0010.973
城镇27（48.21）64（48.48）
宗教信仰[例（%）]有19（33.93）34（25.76）χ2=1.2970.255
无37（66.07）98（74.24）
婚姻状况[例（%）]有配偶45（80.36）112（84.85）χ2=0.5760.448
无配偶11（19.64）20（15.15）
BMI[例（%）]≥24 kg/m211（19.64）18（13.64）χ2=1.0870.297
<24 kg/m245（80.36）114（86.36）
工作状态[例（%）]在职23（41.07）57（43.18）χ2=0.0720.789
非在职33（58.93）75（56.82）
合并慢性疾病[例（%）]有9（16.07）18（13.64）χ2=0.1900.663
无47（83.93）114（86.36）
家庭人均月收入[例（%）]<3 000元35（62.50）51（38.64）χ2=9.0220.003
≥3 000元21（37.50）81（61.36）
患病时间[例（%）]<3个月17（30.36）37（28.03）χ2=0.1040.747
≥3个月39（69.64）95（71.97）
疾病分期[例（%）]Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期26（46.43）67（50.76）χ2=0.2950.587
Ⅲ期或Ⅳ期30（53.57）65（49.24）
知晓具体肿瘤分期[例（%）]是31（55.36）103（78.03）χ2=9.8730.002
否25（44.64）29（21.97）
接受放化疗[例（%）]是42（75.00）70（53.03）χ2=7.8800.005
否14（25.00）62（46.97）
家庭关怀度[例（%）]良好41（73.21）122（92.42）χ2=12.585<0.001
一般15（26.79）10（7.58）
决策准备度评分（分）34.19±5.2937.52±6.08t=-3.565<0.001
决策自我效能评分（分）23.45±4.2526.95±5.36t=-4.340<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929687193846407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别影响因素的单因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类高决策疲劳组（n=56）低决策疲劳组（n=132）统计值P
年龄[例（%）]<40岁11（19.64）47（35.61）
40~55岁19（33.93）57（43.18）χ2=12.7850.002
>55岁26（46.43）28（21.21）
受教育程度[例（%）]初中及以下31（55.36）52（39.39）χ2=4.0630.044
初中以上25（44.64）80（60.61）
居住地[例（%）]农村29（51.79）68（51.52）χ2=0.0010.973
城镇27（48.21）64（48.48）
宗教信仰[例（%）]有19（33.93）34（25.76）χ2=1.2970.255
无37（66.07）98（74.24）
婚姻状况[例（%）]有配偶45（80.36）112（84.85）χ2=0.5760.448
无配偶11（19.64）20（15.15）
BMI[例（%）]≥24 kg/m211（19.64）18（13.64）χ2=1.0870.297
<24 kg/m245（80.36）114（86.36）
工作状态[例（%）]在职23（41.07）57（43.18）χ2=0.0720.789
非在职33（58.93）75（56.82）
合并慢性疾病[例（%）]有9（16.07）18（13.64）χ2=0.1900.663
无47（83.93）114（86.36）
家庭人均月收入[例（%）]<3 000元35（62.50）51（38.64）χ2=9.0220.003
≥3 000元21（37.50）81（61.36）
患病时间[例（%）]<3个月17（30.36）37（28.03）χ2=0.1040.747
≥3个月39（69.64）95（71.97）
疾病分期[例（%）]Ⅰ期或Ⅱ期26（46.43）67（50.76）χ2=0.2950.587
Ⅲ期或Ⅳ期30（53.57）65（49.24）
知晓具体肿瘤分期[例（%）]是31（55.36）103（78.03）χ2=9.8730.002
否25（44.64）29（21.97）
接受放化疗[例（%）]是42（75.00）70（53.03）χ2=7.8800.005
否14（25.00）62（46.97）
家庭关怀度[例（%）]良好41（73.21）122（92.42）χ2=12.585<0.001
一般15（26.79）10（7.58）
决策准备度评分（分）34.19±5.2937.52±6.08t=-3.565<0.001
决策自我效能评分（分）23.45±4.2526.95±5.36t=-4.340<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322929687277732488, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Variable assignment method

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变量赋值方式
决策疲劳类别低决策疲劳组=0；高决策疲劳组=1
年龄<40岁=0；40~55岁=1；>55岁=2
受教育程度初中以上=0；初中及以下=1
家庭人均月收入≥3 000元=0；<3 000元=1
知晓具体肿瘤分期否=0；是=1
接受放化疗否=0；是=1
家庭关怀度良好=0；一般=1
决策准备度评分原值输入
决策自我效能评分原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322929687357424265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

变量赋值方式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量赋值方式
决策疲劳类别低决策疲劳组=0；高决策疲劳组=1
年龄<40岁=0；40~55岁=1；>55岁=2
受教育程度初中以上=0；初中及以下=1
家庭人均月收入≥3 000元=0；<3 000元=1
知晓具体肿瘤分期否=0；是=1
接受放化疗否=0；是=1
家庭关怀度良好=0；一般=1
决策准备度评分原值输入
决策自我效能评分原值输入
), ArticleFig(id=1322929687432921738, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Multivariate analysis of factors influencing decision fatigue categories in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
常量3.5071.6934.2910.038
年龄1.0160.28712.498<0.0012.762[1.573，4.852]
受教育程度1.0290.4315.6980.0172.799[1.202，6.515]
家庭人均月收入1.6210.45312.805<0.0015.060[2.082，12.297]
知晓具体肿瘤分期-1.1860.4536.9570.0080.306[0.127，0.737]
是否接受放化疗1.2940.4727.5320.0063.647[1.448，9.191]
家庭关怀度1.8930.56211.3370.0016.637[2.205，19.974]
决策准备度评分-0.1220.03711.0310.0010.886[0.824，0.951]
决策自我效能评分-0.1110.0426.8080.0090.895[0.824，0.973]
), ArticleFig(id=1322929687512613515, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322929680097083971, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别影响因素的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目回归系数标准误Wald χ2值POR值95%CI
常量3.5071.6934.2910.038
年龄1.0160.28712.498<0.0012.762[1.573，4.852]
受教育程度1.0290.4315.6980.0172.799[1.202，6.515]
家庭人均月收入1.6210.45312.805<0.0015.060[2.082，12.297]
知晓具体肿瘤分期-1.1860.4536.9570.0080.306[0.127，0.737]
是否接受放化疗1.2940.4727.5320.0063.647[1.448，9.191]
家庭关怀度1.8930.56211.3370.0016.637[2.205，19.974]
决策准备度评分-0.1220.03711.0310.0010.886[0.824，0.951]
决策自我效能评分-0.1110.0426.8080.0090.895[0.824，0.973]
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中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别及列线图分析
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谌珂 , 廖妍妍 *, * , 徐唱 , 刘长敏
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(14): 2444-2451
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (14) : 2444 -2451
中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别及列线图分析
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谌珂, 廖妍妍*, * , 徐唱, 刘长敏
作者信息
  • 1南京医科大学第一附属医院，江苏 210036
通讯作者:
廖妍妍，E-mail:
LIAO Yanyan, E-mail:
作者简介:

谌珂，护师，本科

Categories of decision fatigue in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients and Nomogram analysis
Ke CHEN, Yanyan LIAO , Chang XU, Changmin LIU
Affiliations
  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 210036 China
出版时间: 2026-07-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.008
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摘要
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目的

探讨中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别，分析其影响因素并构建列线图模型。

方法

便利选择2023年6月—2025年1月我院收治的188例中青年乳腺癌病人为研究对象。采用一般资料调查表、决策疲劳量表、中文版决策自我效能量表、决策准备度量表、家庭关怀度量表进行调查。采用潜在类别增长模型识别病人决策疲劳类别，采用Logistic回归分析筛选决策疲劳类别的影响因素，采用R 4.2.1软件构建列线图模型，并评估模型的预测效能。

结果

中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳得分为（17.74±2.63）分，其可分为低决策疲劳组（70.2%）和高决策疲劳组（29.8%）2个类别，年龄、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、知晓具体肿瘤分期、是否接受放化疗、家庭关怀度、决策准备度评分、决策自我效能评分均是中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别的影响因素（P<0.05）。基于影响因素构建中青年乳腺癌病人高决策疲劳风险预测列线图模型，受试者工作特征曲线下面积为0.864，灵敏度为87.50%，特异度为77.42%，校准曲线趋近于理想曲线，阈值概率为2%~97%时模型的净获益值为正值。

结论

中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳水平较高，决策准备度、决策自我效能可影响决策疲劳类别。本研究构建的列线图有利于识别高决策疲劳病人。

中青年  /  乳腺癌  /  决策疲劳  /  决策准备度  /  决策自我效能  /  潜在类别增长模型  /  影响因素  /  列线图
Objective

To explore the categories of decision fatigue in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients,analyze their influencing factors,and construct a Nomogram model.

Methods

A total of 188 young and middle-aged breast cancer patients admitting to our hospital were selected as the study subjects by a convenience sample method from June 2023 to January 2025.The patients were surveyed using a general information questionnaire,the Decision Fatigue Scale,the Chinese version of the Decision Self-Efficacy Scale,the Decision Preparation Scale,and the Family Care Index.A latent class growth model was used to identify the categories of decision fatigue among patients. Logistic regression analysis was employed to screen for factors influencing decision fatigue categories.The R 4.2.1 software was used to construct a Nomogram model.The predictive performance of the Nomogram model was evaluated.

Results

The decision fatigue score of young and middle-aged breast cancer patients was 17.74±2.63.Two categories were identified,namely a low decision fatigue group(70.2%) and a high decision fatigue group(29.8%).Age,education level,average monthly household income,awareness of specific tumor stage,whether radiotherapy or chemotherapy had been received,family care index,decision preparation score,and decision self-efficacy score were all influencing factors for decision fatigue categories in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients(P<0.05).A Nomogram model for predicting the risk of high decision fatigue in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients was constructed based on the influencing factors.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.864,with a sensitivity of 87.50% and a specificity of 77.42%.The calibration curve approached the ideal curve.The net benefit value of the model was positive when the threshold probability ranged from 2% to 97%.

Conclusions

The level of decision fatigue in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients is relatively higher.Decision preparation and decision self-efficacy could influence decision fatigue categories.The Nomogram constructed in this study is beneficial for identifying patients with high decision fatigue.

young and middle-aged  /  breast cancer  /  decision fatigue  /  decision preparation  /  decision self-efficacy  /  latent class growth model  /  influencing factors  /  Nomogram
谌珂, 廖妍妍, 徐唱, 刘长敏. 中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别及列线图分析. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (14) : 2444 -2451 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.008
Ke CHEN, Yanyan LIAO, Chang XU, Changmin LIU. Categories of decision fatigue in young and middle-aged breast cancer patients and Nomogram analysis[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (14) : 2444 -2451 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.008
正文
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乳腺癌是全球发病率较高的恶性肿瘤[1]。我国女性乳腺癌新发病例居女性癌症首位，其中中青年女性乳腺癌病人占10%~15%[2]。近年来，随着医疗水平的不断发展，癌症治疗方案逐渐多样化，涵盖手术、放化疗以及靶向治疗等多种方式[3]。然而，在选择治疗方案时，病人需反复权衡利弊，并考虑不同方案的健康风险以及对家庭生活的影响，决策体验相对复杂，极易产生决策疲劳[4]。决策疲劳是指反复决策导致的自我控制能力受损状态，不仅可能影响病人判断，还可能对其身心健康产生负面影响[5]。目前，国外关于决策疲劳的研究较为丰富，我国相关研究尚处于起步阶段，且大多依赖量表评分评估病人的决策疲劳水平，关于乳腺癌病人决策疲劳群体异质性的研究较少[6-7]。通过识别不同类型的决策疲劳，有助于医务人员制定更精确的干预方案，提高医疗资源利用效率。决策准备度是指个体参与治疗决策时的准备度，可反映外部支持对病人参与决策的有效性[8]。决策自我效能是指病人自身在决策过程中的能力和信心[9]。近年来，决策准备度和决策自我效能已成为病人参与医疗决策的重要干预指标，二者均可影响病人的治疗选择[10]。良好的决策准备度和较高的决策自我效能均能够提高病人决策能力，降低决策疲劳[11]。因此，本研究提出以下假设：不同中青年乳腺癌病人的决策疲劳存在群体异质性；决策准备度、决策自我效能和决策疲劳间可能存在一定联系。通过验证上述假设并构建决策疲劳风险预测列线图模型，以期为决策疲劳的改善提供参考。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
便利选择2023年6月—2025年1月我院收治的188例中青年乳腺癌病人为研究对象。纳入标准：1）经病理诊断确诊为乳腺癌；2）年龄18~<60岁；3）病历资料完整；4）可正常沟通，并配合完成相关调查；5）知晓自身患病的事实；6）自愿参与研究。排除标准：1）患有其他恶性肿瘤；2）伴有认知功能障碍或精神疾病；3）伴有心、肝等严重脏器疾病；4）正在参与其他类似研究；5）男性。样本量选择参考既往相关文献中的样本量估算方法[12]，即样本量需为自变量总数的5~10倍，本研究拟纳入16个自变量，另考虑20%的脱落率，样本量应为100~200例。本研究已通过我院伦理委员会批准（编号：2022-SR-103号）。
1.2　调查工具
1.2.1　一般资料调查表
通过查阅文献，由研究者自行设计，包括年龄、受教育程度、居住地、宗教信仰、婚姻状况、体质指数（BMI）、工作状态、合并慢性疾病、家庭人均月收入、患病时间、疾病分期、知晓具体肿瘤分期、是否接受放化疗。
1.2.2　决策疲劳量表
该量表由潘国翠等[13]汉化，由冲动决策行为的倾向性和被动角色的偏好、决策压力和困难程度增加等9个条目组成，采用Likert 4级评分法，从“完全不同意”到“完全同意”依次计0~3分，总分为0~27分，得分越高说明疲劳程度越高。本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.835。
1.2.3　中文版决策自我效能量表
该量表由王思潼等[10]汉化，由得到有关我可能的医疗选择的真相、得到关于每个选择的好处等11个条目组成，采用Likert 5级评分法，从“非常不自信”到“非常自信”依次计0~4分，总分为0~44分，得分越高说明决策自我效能越好。本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.924。
1.2.4　决策准备度量表
该量表由李玉[14]汉化，由帮助您认识到需要做出一个治疗决策、准备好做出一个较好的决策等10个条目组成，采用Likert 5级评分法，从“完全没有”到“非常多”依次计1~5分，总分10~50分，得分越高说明决策准备越充分。本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.951。
1.2.5　家庭关怀度量表
该量表包括成长、适应性等5个项目，采用Likert 3级评分法，从“几乎很少”到“经常这样”依次计0~2分，总分0~10分，总分≥6分说明家庭关怀度良好，<6分说明家庭关怀度一般[15]。本研究中该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.885。
1.3　调查方法
获得医院伦理委员会与科室批准后，由4名经过统一培训的研究者进行数据收集。研究者向符合纳入标准的病人充分说明研究目的、内容及意义，获取其知情同意后，于病人出院前完成资料收集。对于存在书写困难或理解障碍的病人，由研究者逐项提问、病人口头回答、研究者代为勾选的方式完成量表填写，所有量表在现场回收后立即核查完整性，对存在明显逻辑矛盾的量表予以剔除，研究后双人独立录入数据，以确保数据的准确性与完整性。共发放问卷200份，回收有效问卷188份，问卷有效回收率为94.00%。
1.4　统计学方法
采用Mplus 8.3构建潜在类别增长模型。拟合指标分别为艾凯克信息准则（AIC）、贝叶斯信息准则（BIC）以及样本校正的BIC（aBIC），值越小表示模型拟合度越好；模型分类标准性判断采用信息熵（Entropy）评估，模型对比采用Bootstrap似然比检验（Bootstrap likelihood ratio test，BLRT）和罗-梦戴尔-鲁本校正似然比检验（Lo-Mendell-Rubin test，LMRT），P<0.05说明第k个模型的适配度优于第k-1个模型。采用GraphPad Prism 8.0软件制作变化轨迹图。采用SPSS 26.0软件分析数据，定性资料以频数及百分比（%）表示，组间比较采用χ2检验；符合正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差（x±s）表示，组间比较采用t检验。采用多因素Logistic回归分析筛选影响因素，P<0.05为有统计学意义。采用R 4.2.1软件构建列线图模型。采用H-L检验模型的拟合优度。采用Bootstrap法对模型进行内部验证。采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线评估模型的预测效能。采用决策曲线分析（DCA）评估模型的有效性。
2　结果
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2.1　中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳的潜在剖面分析
本研究基于中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳评分构建潜在类别增长模型，从初始模型类别1逐步增加至类别5。随着决策疲劳类别数目增加，AIC、BIC、aBIC随之降低，当模型类别数为4个和5个时，LMRT检验结果无统计学意义（P>0.05）；当模型类别数为3个时，LMRT和BLRT检验结果均有统计学意义（P<0.05），Entropy值（0.902）尚可，但模型中最小类别的样本占比<10%，提示其代表性不稳定，存在过度拟合风险；当模型类别数为2个时，LMRT和BLRT检验结果均有统计学意义（P<0.05），且Entropy值（0.935）最高，2个类别概率分别为29.8%和70.2%，样本均衡。综合模型拟合指标，最终确定模型类别数为2个时为最优模型。见表1。
2.2　中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别命名与特征
中青年乳腺癌病人的决策疲劳可分为2个类别，归属概率分别为0.952和0.938。类别1共56例（29.8%）病人，决策疲劳各维度得分较高，表明该类病人在决策过程中疲劳感显著，认知负担较重，情绪上可能产生不安和压力，故命名为“高决策疲劳组”；类别2共132例（70.2%）病人，决策疲劳各维度得分较低，病人表现出较低的决策疲劳感，情绪和认知负担相对较轻，故命名为“低决策疲劳组”。见图1。中青年乳腺癌病人总体的决策疲劳得分为（17.74±2.63）分，高决策疲劳组的决策疲劳得分为（20.76±2.92）分，高于低决策疲劳组的决策疲劳得分[（16.84±2.14）分]，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。
2.3　中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别影响因素的单因素分析（见表2）
2.4　中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别影响因素的多因素分析
以中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别为因变量，以单因素分析中有统计学意义的变量为自变量，进行中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别影响因素的多因素分析，结果显示，年龄、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、知晓具体肿瘤分期、是否接受放化疗、家庭关怀度、决策准备度评分、决策自我效能评分均是中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别的影响因素（P<0.05）。变量赋值方式见表3，多因素分析结果见表4。
2.5　中青年乳腺癌病人高决策疲劳风险预测列线图模型
基于多因素分析结果构建中青年乳腺癌病人高决策疲劳风险预测列线图模型，年龄分值为0~42分，受教育程度分值为0~21分、家庭人均月收入分值为0~33分、知晓具体肿瘤分期分值为0~24分、是否接受放化疗分值为0~27分、家庭关怀度分值为0~38分、决策准备度评分分值为0~100分、决策自我效能评分分值为0~79分，与总分相对应的刻度值为中青年乳腺癌病人高决策疲劳风险概率。见图2。
2.6　列线图预测模型的验证
H-L检验结果显示，χ2=12.182，P=0.143，说明模型的拟合度良好。列线图模型的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）为0.864[95%CI（0.811，0.917）]，灵敏度为87.50%，特异度为77.42%，说明列线图模型区分度良好，见图3；校正曲线预测值和实际值较为接近，提示列线图模型校正能力良好，见图4；通过DCA可知，当阈值概率为2%~97%时，列线图预测中青年乳腺癌病人高决策疲劳风险的净获益值高于全干预或无干预，说明列线图模型的临床预测效用较好，见图5。
3　讨论
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3.1　中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别
本研究中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳得分为（17.74±2.63）分，高于量表中间分（13.5分），但低于晚期癌症病人决策疲劳得分[（19.69±2.08）分][16]。考虑可能为中青年病人承担的家庭和社会责任有关，如抚养孩子、照顾年迈父母以及工作压力等因素均会增加病人的决策负担，使决策过程变得更加复杂和疲劳，从而导致决策疲劳程度较高。然而，与晚期癌症病人相比，中青年病人在进行医疗决策时的决策疲劳多源于外观、功能、治疗成本以及复发率的反复权衡，而非对生死问题的焦虑。尽管中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳得分低于晚期癌症病人，但仍需引起医务人员关注[17]。本研究通过构建潜在类别增长模型将中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳分为低决策疲劳组和高决策疲劳组2个类别，说明中青年乳腺癌病人的决策疲劳存在群体异质性。低决策疲劳组病人占比较大，可能与决策准备度、决策自我效能等因素相关，但仍需警惕以确保其决策过程中的疲劳不会随着外部因素的变化而加重。高决策疲劳组病人占29.8%，医务人员可利用肿瘤护理知识和临床经验，为病人制定个性化干预方案，帮助病人获取治疗选择的相关知识，缓解决策困境，以降低决策疲劳。
3.2　中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别的影响因素
3.2.1　年龄
本研究结果显示，年龄>55岁的中青年乳腺癌病人进入高决策疲劳组的风险更大（P<0.05），与既往研究结果[18]相似。决策本质上是一个消耗有限认知资源的过程，年龄较大的病人在面对复杂的医疗决策时，本身的认知储备与执行功能可能出现生理性减退，同时年龄>55岁的病人在家庭中往往承担着主要决策责任，持续的责任感使其不断进行信息处理与权衡判断，导致决策需求与自身递减的认知资源不匹配，加速了认知资源耗竭，从而导致决策疲劳水平更高。医务人员应了解病人家庭成员在治疗决策中的角色，鼓励病人与家人分享治疗意向，以减轻决策疲劳。
3.2.2　受教育程度
本研究结果显示，受教育程度是决策疲劳类别的影响因素（P<0.05），与既往研究结果[19]相似。初中及以下文化程度的中青年乳腺癌病人进入高决策疲劳组的风险更大，考虑可能为低文化程度者缺乏足够的医疗知识和决策支持，在面对复杂的治疗选择时可能难以准确理解和评估各种治疗方案的利弊，导致决策过程中易出现不确定感和焦虑感，导致决策疲劳增加。医务人员在诊疗过程中可为病人详细解释不同治疗方案的优缺点，包括治疗效果、费用及可能的副作用等，同时也可通过制作包含费用支出、预期治疗效果等信息的表格，帮助病人充分理解各种选择，以做出最符合自身情况的决策。
3.2.3　家庭人均月收入
本研究结果显示，家庭人均月收入是决策疲劳类别的影响因素（P<0.05），与孙绪灿等[20]研究结果相似。经济条件较差的病人决策过程远非单纯的医疗选择，而是会陷入生存需求与健康诉求的深层认知冲突，同时这种对核心利益的反复权衡也会持续消耗其认知资源，继而导致决策疲劳相对更高。医务人员应根据病人的经济状况提供个性化的医疗决策支持，帮助病人选择适合的治疗方案，同时加强癌症医疗保障制度建设，提高医疗保障水平，以减轻经济负担对决策疲劳的影响。
3.2.4　知晓具体肿瘤分期
本研究结果显示，是否知晓具体肿瘤分期是决策疲劳类别的影响因素（P<0.05），与廖雅柔等[21]研究相似。不知晓肿瘤分期的病人决策目标模糊，故而需要调用更多的执行功能构建决策框架、反复评估各种可能性，同时也需要抑制因信息缺失引发的焦虑情绪，这种持续、高强度的认知调控可能加速心理资源消耗，继而导致决策疲劳水平更高。医护人员应确认病人对疾病的了解度，通过提供准确、简明的疾病信息和治疗方案，帮助病人充分了解自身病情，减轻认知负担。医务人员还应为病人提供充足的决策时间，避免因时间压力而产生决策疲劳。
3.2.5　是否接受放化疗
本研究结果显示，是否接受放化疗是决策疲劳类别的影响因素（P<0.05），与已有研究结果[22]相似。联合放化疗方案的病人治疗具有复杂性与结果不确定性，病人在面对多个选项时需要同时权衡疗效与潜在的治疗副作用，而这种多目标的权衡过程也会增加病人认知负荷，加速心理资源耗竭，继而导致决策疲劳水平升高。医务人员可通过制定决策辅助方案、治疗决策表，帮助病人做出治疗决策，以减轻决策疲劳。
3.2.6　家庭关怀度
本研究结果显示，家庭关怀度是决策疲劳类别的影响因素（P<0.05），与已有研究结果[23]相似。充分的家庭支持可分担病人的认知负荷，提供情感缓冲，减少决策过程中的心理应激；而当家庭关怀度不足时，病人需独立承担完整的决策压力，而这种持续的高认知负荷状态可能会加速前额叶皮质功能耗竭，并激活应激反应，最终导致决策心理资源快速枯竭，决策疲劳水平升高。已有研究发现，朋友和家人等外部支持均可增加病人的治疗积极性[24]。医务人员应加强对病人的情感支持，鼓励家庭成员参与治疗决策，为病人提供必要的决策辅导，以减轻病人决策疲劳表达。
3.2.7　决策准备度评分
本研究结果显示，决策准备度评分是决策疲劳类别的影响因素（P<0.05），与朱丽婷等[11]研究结果相似。决策准备度是影响决策质量的关键因素，为减少决策沟通障碍，医务人员应从病人角度判断治疗方案的决策收益与决策风险，并根据病人的个体情况确定优先考虑的因素，通过提升决策准备度，降低决策疲劳水平。
3.2.8　决策自我效能评分
本研究结果显示，决策自我效能评分是决策疲劳类别的影响因素（P<0.05），与梅思娟等[16]研究结果相似。决策疲劳不仅源于反复决策行为，还与情绪压力和环境因素有关。决策自我效能较低者在面对治疗选择时缺乏信心，易产生负面情绪，故而决策疲劳程度相对更高。医务人员可通过希望疗法促进病人重建希望，缓解负面情绪，通过增强病人的自我效能感降低决策疲劳度。
3.3　中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别的列线图模型
列线图模型是一种直观且高效的数据可视化工具，它可呈现时间序列数据和趋势，帮助研究人员清晰识别数据的变化模式和潜在规律，并预测病人发生特定事件的风险概率[25]。与Logistic回归模型相比，列线图模型具有更强的可读性和可视化优势，可帮助医务人员更直观地理解预测结果，同时可展示不同变量间的相互关系，为临床决策提供有力支持[26]。已有研究结果表明，列线图模型在护理领域能够有效预测病人的健康风险，有助于护理人员早期制定并实施个性化干预方案，从而提高护理质量，改善病人预后[27]。本研究结果显示，列线图在中青年乳腺癌病人高决策疲劳风险预测方面具有可行性。ROC曲线分析结果显示，列线图模型的AUC为0.864，表明该模型能够有效识别高风险个体，即决策疲劳进展为高决策疲劳组的病人。校准曲线接近理想曲线，说明模型对高决策疲劳风险的预测值与实际值接近，具有较高的预测精度。DCA结果表明，当阈值概率为2%~97%时，该模型能够辅助医务人员早期进行临床决策，降低中青年乳腺癌病人进展为高决策疲劳的风险。
4　小结
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中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳存在2种类别，年龄、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、知晓具体肿瘤分期、是否接受放化疗、家庭关怀度、决策准备度评分、决策自我效能评分均是中青年乳腺癌病人决策疲劳类别的影响因素。在制定干预方案时，医护人员可针对以上因素制定相应的干预措施，以降低决策疲劳表达。本研究存在局限：首先，本研究为单中心横断面研究，样本量相对有限，所有参与者均来自1所区域性医疗中心，可能导致选择偏倚，并限制研究结果向外推广。其次，在模型构建阶段，尽管统计指标提示3个类别的模型可能提供更细致的分类，但此方案中产生了样本占比不足10%的小类别，出于模型稳健性与临床适用性考量，最终选择2个类别的模型，但可能掩盖某些潜在的亚组特征。此外，本研究主要依赖病人自评结果，虽已采用质量控制措施，但仍可能受到共同方法偏差的影响。未来研究需要通过扩大样本量、开展多中心合作以验证研究的分类结构，并进一步探索更具异质性的潜在类别。

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2026年第40卷第14期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.14.008
  • 接收时间：2025-09-07
  • 首发时间：2026-10-30
  • 出版时间：2026-07-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-09-07
  • 修回日期：2026-04-24
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    1南京医科大学第一附属医院，江苏 210036

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廖妍妍，E-mail:
LIAO Yanyan, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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