Article(id=1322931582994096385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322931549481599694, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.020, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751904000000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-08, revisedDate=1779984000000, revisedDateStr=2026-05-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793341068265, onlineDateStr=2026-10-30, pubDate=1782316800000, pubDateStr=2026-06-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793341068265, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793341068265, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793341068265, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322931549481599694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='12', pageStart='2001', pageEnd='2192', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1782316800000', pubDateStr='2026-06-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793341060276, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793343118019, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1322940180335829530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322931549481599694, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1322940180335829531, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322931549481599694, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=2146, endPage=2153, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322931583254143234, articleId=1322931582994096385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Functional recovery trajectories of patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty:a scoping review, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To conduct a scoping review of studies on postoperative functional recovery trajectories in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA),and to summarize patterns of functional change and associated influencing factors,so as to provide a evidence-based reference for postoperative rehabilitation management.

Methods

Relevant literature was systematically searched in CNKI,WanFang Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,Chinese Journal Full-text Database,EMbase, PubMed,Web of Science,EBSCO,Scopus,and the Cochrane Library.The retrieval period was from the establishment of the databases until May 26,2025.

Results

A total of 15 studies were included.The number of functional recovery trajectories identified in patients undergoing TSA ranged from 1 to 3.The most frequently used follow-up time points were 3 months,6 months,1 year,and 2 years postoperatively.Common evaluation indicators included joint function,range of motion,pain level and quality of life.The recovery speed of joint function in TSA patients was relatively fast within 3 to 6 months,and the improvement in function tended to be stable from 6 to 12 months.After one year,the function remained stable with little change.The influencing factors of the functional recovery trajectories in TSA patients included age,gender,type of underlying disease,ASA classification,Walch classification,surgical method, previous shoulder surgery history,psychological state,and social economic burden.

Conclusions

The functional recovery trajectories of TSA patients exhibit both a single overall trend as well as multiple types of trajectories.In the future,longitudinal data research should be strengthened to clarify the different types of recovery trajectories and their influencing factors,in order to provide a basis for precise postoperative rehabilitation management.

, authors=Yi YE1, Kun ZHANG1, Xiaoyuan ZHANG2, Kunhong MIN1, Huan HU1, authorsList=Yi YE, Kun ZHANG, Xiaoyuan ZHANG, Kunhong MIN, Huan HU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Kun ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322931585917526277, articleId=1322931582994096385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=全肩关节置换术病人功能康复轨迹的范围综述, columnId=1220689485482873504, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

对全肩关节置换术(TSA)病人术后功能康复轨迹相关研究进行范围综述,梳理功能恢复的变化趋势及其影响因素,为术后康复管理提供循证参考。

方法

系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、中华医学期刊全文数据库、EMbase、PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、Scopus、Cochrane Library等数据库中的相关文献,检索时限为建库至2025年5月26日。

结果

共纳入15篇文献,全肩关节置换术病人功能康复轨迹数量为1~3组。高频使用的随访时间点为术后3个月、6个月、1年及2年。常用评估指标包括关节功能、活动度、疼痛水平和生活质量。TSA病人关节功能3~6个月内恢复速度较快,6~12个月功能改善趋于平稳,1年后功能保持稳定且变化较小。康复轨迹影响因素包括年龄、性别、基础疾病类型、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级、Walch分型、手术方式、既往肩部手术史、心理状态及社会经济负担。

结论

TSA病人的功能康复轨迹既有单一的整体变化趋势又呈现出多类别轨迹。未来应加强纵向数据研究,明确不同康复轨迹类型及其影响因素,为术后精细化康复管理提供依据。

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叶艺,护师,本科

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张坤,E-mail:
ZHANG Kun, E-mail:
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rfOrder=31, authorNames=Vincent H K, Struk A M, Reed A, journalName=SpringerPlus, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vincent H K,Struk A M,Reed A,et al.Mid-term shoulder functional and quality of life outcomes after shoulder replacement in obese patients[J].SpringerPlus,2016,5(1):1929., articleTitle=Mid-term shoulder functional and quality of life outcomes after shoulder replacement in obese patients, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931596894019924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=25, issue=1, pageStart=439, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=33, rfOrder=32, authorNames=Crutsen J R W, Lambers Heerspink F O, Van Leent E A P, journalName=BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Crutsen J R W,Lambers Heerspink F O,Van Leent E A P,et al.Predictive factors for postoperative outcomes after reverse shoulder arthroplasty:a systematic review[J].BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders,2024,25(1):439., articleTitle=Predictive factors for postoperative outcomes after reverse shoulder arthroplasty:a systematic review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931598554964311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=29, issue=2, pageStart=244, pageEnd=251, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=34, rfOrder=33, authorNames=Walters J D, George L W, Walsh R N, journalName=Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Walters J D,George L W,Walsh R N,et al.The effect of current and former tobacco use on outcomes after primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty[J].Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery,2020,29(2):244-251., articleTitle=The effect of current and former tobacco use on outcomes after primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931598726930776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=41, issue=10, pageStart=2135, pageEnd=2142, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=Collin P, Matsukawa T, Denard P J, journalName=International Orthopaedics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Collin P,Matsukawa T,Denard P J,et al.Pre-operative factors influence the recovery of range of motion following reverse shoulder arthroplasty[J].International Orthopaedics,2017,41(10):2135-2142., articleTitle=Pre-operative factors influence the recovery of range of motion following reverse shoulder arthroplasty, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931598810816857, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=23, issue=9, pageStart=1289, pageEnd=1295, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=36, rfOrder=35, authorNames=Schwartz D G, Cottrell B J, Teusink M J, journalName=Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Schwartz D G,Cottrell B J,Teusink M J,et al.Factors that predict postoperative motion in patients treated with reverse shoulder arthroplasty[J].Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery,2014,23(9):1289-1295., articleTitle=Factors that predict postoperative motion in patients treated with reverse shoulder arthroplasty, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931598894702938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=22, issue=null, pageStart=38, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=37, rfOrder=36, authorNames=Izquierdo-Fernández A, Gómez-Rodríguez M, Urbano-Luque M, journalName=Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Izquierdo-Fernández A,Gómez-Rodríguez M,Urbano-Luque M,et al.Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in complex fractures of the proximal humerus:results after 7 years of follow-up[J].Journal of Orthopaedics and Traumatology,2021,22:38., articleTitle=Reverse shoulder arthroplasty in complex fractures of the proximal humerus:results after 7 years of follow-up, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931598970200411, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=103, issue=5, pageStart=964, pageEnd=970, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=38, rfOrder=37, authorNames=Ling D I, Schneider B, Ode G, journalName=The Bone & Joint Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Ling D I,Schneider B,Ode G,et al.The impact of Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidities on patient outcomes following shoulder arthroplasty[J].The Bone & Joint Journal,2021,103(5):964-970., articleTitle=The impact of Charlson and Elixhauser comorbidities on patient outcomes following shoulder arthroplasty, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931599205081436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=26, issue=6, pageStart=1011, pageEnd=1016, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=38, authorNames=Clark J C, Simon P, Clark R E, journalName=Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Clark J C,Simon P,Clark R E,et al.The influence of patient- and surgeon-specific factors on operative duration and early postoperative outcomes in shoulder arthroplasty[J].Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery,2017,26(6):1011-1016., articleTitle=The influence of patient- and surgeon-specific factors on operative duration and early postoperative outcomes in shoulder arthroplasty, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931599267995997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=31, issue=2, pageStart=294, pageEnd=301, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=40, rfOrder=39, authorNames=Forlizzi J M, Puzzitiello R N, Hart P A, journalName=Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Forlizzi J M,Puzzitiello R N,Hart P A,et al.Predictors of poor and excellent outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty[J].Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery,2022,31(2):294-301., articleTitle=Predictors of poor and excellent outcomes after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322931599335104862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=29, issue=5, pageStart=e175, pageEnd=e184, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=41, rfOrder=40, authorNames=Vajapey S P, Cvetanovich G L, Bishop J Y, journalName=Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Vajapey S P,Cvetanovich G L,Bishop J Y,et al.Psychosocial factors affecting outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty:a systematic review[J].Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery,2020,29(5):e175-e184., articleTitle=Psychosocial factors affecting outcomes after shoulder arthroplasty:a systematic review, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322931586278236422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322931586290819335, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, companyId=1322931586278236422, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan 610072 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322931586299207944, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, companyId=1322931586278236422, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, 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articleId=1322931582994096385, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Literature screening process, figureFileSmall=Ru6oRt8cfg85qwl4ZdLpKQ==, figureFileBig=sjI/flha+kZGTdToE933Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322931592284479793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, language=CN, label=图1, caption=文献筛选流程, figureFileSmall=Ru6oRt8cfg85qwl4ZdLpKQ==, figureFileBig=sjI/flha+kZGTdToE933Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322931594100613426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic characteristics of included literature(n=15)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作者发表
年份
国家手术
方式
样本量(例)年龄(岁)测量时间点评估工具轨迹类别研究设计
Razmjou等[7]2014年加拿大TSA10867±9术前、6个月、1年、2年美国肩肘外科协会评分(ASES)、Constant-Murley评分(CMS)、关节活动度(ROM)整体趋势前瞻性队列
Maier等[11]2014年德国TSA1065.0±4.7术前、6个月、3年ROM、日常生活活动能力(ADL)整体趋势前瞻性队列
Levy等[12]2016年英国RTSA9874.43周、3个月、6个月、9个月、1年、1.5年、2年及以上CMS、主观肩部估值(SSV)、单一评估数字评估(SANE)整体趋势前瞻性队列
Tiusanen等[13]2016年芬兰RTSA7670.7±8.8术前、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年、3年ROM整体趋势回顾性队列
Wolfensperger等[14]2017年瑞士RTSA3380±66个月、1年CMS,手臂、肩部和手部残疾问卷(DASH),健康调查表-36(SF-36)整体趋势前瞻性队列
Rubenstein等[8]2021年美国ATSA8968.4±7.8基线、6周、6个月、1年、2年ASES3组前瞻性队列
RTSA15568.8±10.4
Grubhofer等[15]2021年美国ATSA8463±10术前、2周、6周、12周、6个月、1年、2年ASES、SANE、视觉模拟量表(VAS)整体趋势回顾性队列
RTSA5669±7
Sheth等[16]2022年美国RTSA9366.4±9.6术前、2~5年、10年及以上SANE、VAS整体趋势前瞻性队列
Altintas等[17]2022年美国ATSA8163术前、1年、2年、3年、4年、5年、6年、7年及以上ASES、DASH、SANE、健康调查简表-12(SF-12)、VAS整体趋势回顾性队列
Cuff等[18]2023年美国ATSA
RTSA
101
93
66
69
2年、7年及以上ASES、简单肩部测试(SST)、ROM整体趋势回顾性队列
Broekman等[19]2024年美国ATSA
RTSA
170
585
68±8
68±8
术前、2周、3个月、6个月、1年ASES、VAS整体趋势回顾性队列
Kim等[20]2024年韩国ATSA4665.5±10.0术前、3个月、6个月、1年ASES、VAS、ADL整体趋势前瞻性队列
RTSA5073.7±5.9
Bae等[21]2025年美国ATSA
RTSA
33
58
67.1±1.1
72.3±9.2
术前、术后1年内多个时间点报告结果测量信息系统-疼痛干扰(PROMIS PI)整体趋势前瞻性队列
ATSA
RTSA
28
41
67.0±9.7
72.6±11.5
术前、术后1年内多个时间点报告结果测量信息系统-身体功能(PROMIS PF)
Sebastiá-Forcade等[22]2025年西班牙RTSA3372.7±6.71个月、3个月、6个月、1年、2年、5年、7年及以上CMS、美国加州大学肩关节评分(UCLA)、DASH、ROM、VAS整体趋势前瞻性队列
Van Veghel等[23]2025年荷兰ATSA
RTSA
957
2 401
72.0±8.5
72.0±8.5
术前、3个月、1年牛津肩关节评分(OSS)3组回顾性队列
), ArticleFig(id=1322931594209665331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322931582994096385, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

纳入文献基本特征(n=15)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
作者发表
年份
国家手术
方式
样本量(例)年龄(岁)测量时间点评估工具轨迹类别研究设计
Razmjou等[7]2014年加拿大TSA10867±9术前、6个月、1年、2年美国肩肘外科协会评分(ASES)、Constant-Murley评分(CMS)、关节活动度(ROM)整体趋势前瞻性队列
Maier等[11]2014年德国TSA1065.0±4.7术前、6个月、3年ROM、日常生活活动能力(ADL)整体趋势前瞻性队列
Levy等[12]2016年英国RTSA9874.43周、3个月、6个月、9个月、1年、1.5年、2年及以上CMS、主观肩部估值(SSV)、单一评估数字评估(SANE)整体趋势前瞻性队列
Tiusanen等[13]2016年芬兰RTSA7670.7±8.8术前、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年、3年ROM整体趋势回顾性队列
Wolfensperger等[14]2017年瑞士RTSA3380±66个月、1年CMS,手臂、肩部和手部残疾问卷(DASH),健康调查表-36(SF-36)整体趋势前瞻性队列
Rubenstein等[8]2021年美国ATSA8968.4±7.8基线、6周、6个月、1年、2年ASES3组前瞻性队列
RTSA15568.8±10.4
Grubhofer等[15]2021年美国ATSA8463±10术前、2周、6周、12周、6个月、1年、2年ASES、SANE、视觉模拟量表(VAS)整体趋势回顾性队列
RTSA5669±7
Sheth等[16]2022年美国RTSA9366.4±9.6术前、2~5年、10年及以上SANE、VAS整体趋势前瞻性队列
Altintas等[17]2022年美国ATSA8163术前、1年、2年、3年、4年、5年、6年、7年及以上ASES、DASH、SANE、健康调查简表-12(SF-12)、VAS整体趋势回顾性队列
Cuff等[18]2023年美国ATSA
RTSA
101
93
66
69
2年、7年及以上ASES、简单肩部测试(SST)、ROM整体趋势回顾性队列
Broekman等[19]2024年美国ATSA
RTSA
170
585
68±8
68±8
术前、2周、3个月、6个月、1年ASES、VAS整体趋势回顾性队列
Kim等[20]2024年韩国ATSA4665.5±10.0术前、3个月、6个月、1年ASES、VAS、ADL整体趋势前瞻性队列
RTSA5073.7±5.9
Bae等[21]2025年美国ATSA
RTSA
33
58
67.1±1.1
72.3±9.2
术前、术后1年内多个时间点报告结果测量信息系统-疼痛干扰(PROMIS PI)整体趋势前瞻性队列
ATSA
RTSA
28
41
67.0±9.7
72.6±11.5
术前、术后1年内多个时间点报告结果测量信息系统-身体功能(PROMIS PF)
Sebastiá-Forcade等[22]2025年西班牙RTSA3372.7±6.71个月、3个月、6个月、1年、2年、5年、7年及以上CMS、美国加州大学肩关节评分(UCLA)、DASH、ROM、VAS整体趋势前瞻性队列
Van Veghel等[23]2025年荷兰ATSA
RTSA
957
2 401
72.0±8.5
72.0±8.5
术前、3个月、1年牛津肩关节评分(OSS)3组回顾性队列
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全肩关节置换术病人功能康复轨迹的范围综述
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叶艺 1 , 张坤 1, *, * , 张小媛 2 , 闵坤红 1 , 胡欢 1
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(12): 2146-2153
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (12) : 2146 -2153
全肩关节置换术病人功能康复轨迹的范围综述
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叶艺1, 张坤1, *, * , 张小媛2, 闵坤红1, 胡欢1
作者信息
  • 1四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院,四川 610072
  • 2电子科技大学医学院
通讯作者:
张坤,E-mail:
ZHANG Kun, E-mail:
作者简介:

叶艺,护师,本科

Functional recovery trajectories of patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty:a scoping review
Yi YE1, Kun ZHANG1 , Xiaoyuan ZHANG2, Kunhong MIN1, Huan HU1
Affiliations
  • 1Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Sichuan 610072 China
  • 2School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
出版时间: 2026-06-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.020
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目的

对全肩关节置换术(TSA)病人术后功能康复轨迹相关研究进行范围综述,梳理功能恢复的变化趋势及其影响因素,为术后康复管理提供循证参考。

方法

系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、中华医学期刊全文数据库、EMbase、PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、Scopus、Cochrane Library等数据库中的相关文献,检索时限为建库至2025年5月26日。

结果

共纳入15篇文献,全肩关节置换术病人功能康复轨迹数量为1~3组。高频使用的随访时间点为术后3个月、6个月、1年及2年。常用评估指标包括关节功能、活动度、疼痛水平和生活质量。TSA病人关节功能3~6个月内恢复速度较快,6~12个月功能改善趋于平稳,1年后功能保持稳定且变化较小。康复轨迹影响因素包括年龄、性别、基础疾病类型、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级、Walch分型、手术方式、既往肩部手术史、心理状态及社会经济负担。

结论

TSA病人的功能康复轨迹既有单一的整体变化趋势又呈现出多类别轨迹。未来应加强纵向数据研究,明确不同康复轨迹类型及其影响因素,为术后精细化康复管理提供依据。

全肩关节置换术  /  功能  /  康复  /  轨迹  /  范围综述
Objective

To conduct a scoping review of studies on postoperative functional recovery trajectories in patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty(TSA),and to summarize patterns of functional change and associated influencing factors,so as to provide a evidence-based reference for postoperative rehabilitation management.

Methods

Relevant literature was systematically searched in CNKI,WanFang Database,Chinese Biomedical Literature Database,Chinese Journal Full-text Database,EMbase, PubMed,Web of Science,EBSCO,Scopus,and the Cochrane Library.The retrieval period was from the establishment of the databases until May 26,2025.

Results

A total of 15 studies were included.The number of functional recovery trajectories identified in patients undergoing TSA ranged from 1 to 3.The most frequently used follow-up time points were 3 months,6 months,1 year,and 2 years postoperatively.Common evaluation indicators included joint function,range of motion,pain level and quality of life.The recovery speed of joint function in TSA patients was relatively fast within 3 to 6 months,and the improvement in function tended to be stable from 6 to 12 months.After one year,the function remained stable with little change.The influencing factors of the functional recovery trajectories in TSA patients included age,gender,type of underlying disease,ASA classification,Walch classification,surgical method, previous shoulder surgery history,psychological state,and social economic burden.

Conclusions

The functional recovery trajectories of TSA patients exhibit both a single overall trend as well as multiple types of trajectories.In the future,longitudinal data research should be strengthened to clarify the different types of recovery trajectories and their influencing factors,in order to provide a basis for precise postoperative rehabilitation management.

total shoulder arthroplasty  /  function  /  rehabilitation  /  trajectory  /  scoping review
叶艺, 张坤, 张小媛, 闵坤红, 胡欢. 全肩关节置换术病人功能康复轨迹的范围综述. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (12) : 2146 -2153 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.020
Yi YE, Kun ZHANG, Xiaoyuan ZHANG, Kunhong MIN, Huan HU. Functional recovery trajectories of patients undergoing total shoulder arthroplasty:a scoping review[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (12) : 2146 -2153 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.020
全肩关节置换术(total shoulder arthroplasty,TSA)作为治疗晚期肩关节疾病的有效手段,主要通过植入人工关节假体以替代病变肩关节,从而重建关节的稳定性与功能。其适应证涵盖类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、肱骨头缺血性坏死、袖带撕裂性关节病、巨大肩袖撕裂、老年复杂肱骨近端骨折以及既往肩关节手术失败等严重的盂肱关节病变[1]。TSA分为解剖型TSA(anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty,ATSA)和反置式TSA(reverse total shoulder arthroplasty,RTSA)[2],两者在适应证、术后功能恢复模式及并发症类型方面存在一定差异。术后关节功能的恢复是评估TSA手术疗效和识别潜在并发症的核心指标。然而,目前国内关于TSA术后功能康复的研究大多采用横断面调查设计,集中在某一时间点的功能评估,缺乏对功能恢复过程的系统性、纵向性跟踪[3-5]。戴海峰等[6]研究显示,RTSA术后6个月病人在肩关节前屈、外展及外旋角度方面可达到较高的满意度。国外有研究通过长期随访,系统描述了病人术后各阶段的功能恢复情况[7],并进一步识别出不同的康复轨迹类型,提示术后康复过程存在群体异质性[8]。随着人们生活质量和运动需求的提升以及医疗保障体系的不断健全,肩关节置换手术的临床需求在我国呈持续增长趋势[9]。因此,深入探索TSA术后功能康复的特点,具有重要的临床与公共健康意义。一方面,明确功能恢复的快速改善期及维持时间,有助于制定更具针对性的康复计划并满足病人的康复咨询需求;另一方面,识别功能恢复轨迹的异质性特征及其影响因素,可为促进病人的快速康复和个体化管理提供理论依据。因此,本研究遵循乔安娜布里格斯研究所(Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI)提出的范围综述方法学框架[10],对现有关于TSA术后功能康复轨迹的研究文献进行系统梳理,旨在总结该领域的研究现状,包括随访时间点设置、康复轨迹分组特征、功能影响因素等内容,为优化肩关节置换术后的康复管理提供参考依据。
基于范围综述框架,具体审查问题包括:1)TSA 病人功能康复轨迹随访时间点的选择;2)TSA病人功能康复轨迹的组数及特征;3)TSA病人功能康复轨迹的影响因素。
系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、中华医学期刊全文数据库、EMbase、PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、Scopus、Cochrane Library等中英文数据库,检索时限为建库至2025年5月26日。中文检索词包括:“关节成形术,置换,肩”“肩关节假体置入术”“TSA”“肩关节置换术”“功能”“康复”“机能恢复”“恢复”“轨迹”“模式”。英文检索词包括:“arthroplasty,replacement,shoulder”“shoulder replacement arthroplasty”“arthroplasties,shoulder replacement”“arthroplasty,shoulder replacement”“replacement arthroplasties,shoulder”“replacement arthroplasty,shoulder”“shoulder replacement arthroplasties”“total shoulder replacement”“replacements,total shoulder”“replacement,total shoulder”“shoulder replacements,total”“shoulder replacement,total”“total shoulder replacements”“recovery of function”“recovery”“function”“rehabilitation”“trajectory”“trajectories”“pattern”“patterns”。采取主题词和自由词相结合的方式,并追踪纳入文献的参考文献。以PubMed为例,检索策略如下:
#1 (arthroplasty, replacement, shoulder[MeSH Terms]) OR (shoulder replacement arthroplasty[Title/Abstract]) OR (arthroplasties,shoulder replacement[Title/Abstract]) OR (arthroplasty,shoulder replacement[Title/Abstract]) OR (replacement arthroplasties,shoulder[Title/Abstract]) OR (replacement arthroplasty,shoulder[Title/Abstract]) OR (shoulder replacement arthroplasties[Title/Abstract]) OR (total shoulder replacement[Title/Abstract]) OR (replacements,total shoulder[Title/Abstract])) OR (replacement,total shoulder[Title/Abstract]) OR (shoulder replacements,total[Title/Abstract]) OR (shoulder replacement, total[Title/Abstract]) OR (total shoulder replacements[Title/Abstract])
#2 (recovery of function[MeSH Terms]) OR (recovery[Title/Abstract]) OR (function[Title/Abstract]) OR (rehabilitation[Title/Abstract])
#3 (trajectory) OR (trajectories) OR (pattern) OR (patterns)
#4 #1 AND #2 AND #3
纳入标准:1)研究对象为TSA的病人,年龄≥18岁;2)研究内容为TSA病人功能康复轨迹;3)纵向研究,术后评估次数≥2次。排除标准:1)非中英文文献;2)综述、个案报道、无法获取全文的文献。
将检索获得的文献题录导入EndNote 21软件进行自动化去重后,由2名研究者独立审阅文献标题与摘要进行初步筛选。然后对初筛符合要求的文献进行全文阅读,依据预先制定的纳入与排除标准进行复筛。研究者间分歧通过1名从事科研的骨科学博士研究生仲裁达成共识,筛选出最终纳入的文献。提取最终纳入文献的相关信息,包括文献的作者、发表时间、国家、研究对象、样本量、测量时间点、评估工具、轨迹类别、研究设计等。
初步检索获得相关文献618篇,去除重复文献后剩余364篇,阅读题目和摘要进行初筛排除340篇,对剩余24篇文献进行全文阅读,排除文献9篇,最终纳入文献15篇[7-8,11-23],发表时间为2014—2025年。文献筛选流程见图1,纳入文献特征见表1。
15篇文献中有9篇文献[7-8,11-12,14,16,20-22]为前瞻性队列研究,6篇文献[13,15,17-19,23]为回顾性队列研究。所纳入文献对关节功能的康复评估进行了2~8次测量[14,17],测量间隔时间点最短为2周[19],最长为5年[16]。随访周期有较大异质性,最小时间窗为1年[14,19,23],最大时间窗为10年[16]。11篇文献采用术前状态作为纵向观察的起点,1个月内的测量时间点可在术后2周、3周或术后1个月,高频使用的随访时间点为术后3个月、6个月、1年及2年,分别出现7、10、11、7次。
康复轨迹的功能评估包括关节功能、活动度、疼痛、生活质量4个指标,关节功能评估共涉及9种工具,使用频率最高的工具是ASES,其次是CMS、SANE和DASH。此外,有5篇文献[7,11,13,18,22]报告了ROM;疼痛评估的核心指标主要是VAS,仅1篇研究[21]使用PROMIS PI评估疼痛;4篇文献分别使用ADL[11,20]、SF-36[14]和SF-12[17]报道病人生活质量的改变。多数研究应用多维评估体系,多指标协同评估有助于克服单一工具的测量天花板效应,提高临床敏感性。
共纳入13项研究[7,11-22]通过中长期随访探讨了TSA术后关节功能的整体恢复趋势。总体而言,多数学者一致认为,TSA术后病人的关节功能在3~6个月内恢复速度较快[20-21],6~12个月关节功能改善趋于平稳,疼痛和活动度的提升减缓[7,14],1年后,功能保持稳定且变化较小[13]。Altintas等[17]研究显示,TSA病人术后1年内关节功能显著改善,且改善效果至少可维持5年。Sheth等[16]在5~10年随访中发现,87%的病人SANE评分、90%的病人VAS评分的变化未达到最小临床重要差异,提示术后功能与疼痛在长期内保持稳定,未见明显变化。另有研究报道,RTSA病人术后5年和7年时关节功能存在下降趋势,但其变化的效应量无统计学意义[22],临床意义有限。此外,有2项研究[8,23]基于纵向数据识别了术后功能恢复的典型轨迹类型。Rubenstein等[8]在一项为期2年的前瞻性随访中,采用ASES评分对TSA病人进行轨迹分析,识别出3类功能恢复轨迹:第1类为“恢复延迟组”,占14.5%,该组病人在术后第2年ASES评分与基线相比无显著改善;第2类为“稳定进步组”,占27.3%,其术后功能持续改善;第3类为“恢复优质组”,占58.2%,在术后第2年达到最佳功能恢复状态,且与基线相比差异具有统计学意义。Van Veghel等[23]基于荷兰国家关节置换注册系统,对3 358例初次接受TSA病人在术前、术后3个月及1年时OSS评分进行回顾性分析,同样识别出3类恢复轨迹:反应不佳组(14%)、稳定响应组(27%)和快速响应组(59%)。上述研究结果提示,TSA术后功能恢复存在明显的个体差异和轨迹异质性,亟须进一步研究其影响因素及针对性干预策略。
目前研究显示,TSA术后功能康复轨迹受多种因素影响,主要包括人口学特征、疾病相关因素以及心理和社会经济因素。
年龄和性别是影响TSA术后康复轨迹的重要人口学变量。Rubenstein等[8]研究发现,在接受ATSA的病人中,恢复优质组平均年龄高于稳定进步组与恢复延迟组。Altintas等[17]指出,控制性别和随访时间后,病人年龄增加与较高的ASES评分显著相关。以上研究提示,高龄是功能恢复良好的有利因素,这可能与TSA手术的适应证有关。关于性别差异,研究指出,男性病人更可能出现在“快速响应组”[23];但Altintas等[17]研究表明,在控制年龄与随访时间后,男性DASH评分低于女性,提示性别与功能恢复的关系可能受评估工具及分析策略影响,尚需进一步明确。
原发疾病类型与术后功能恢复轨迹密切相关。Rubenstein等[8]研究指出,恢复优质组病人的基础诊断多为肱骨头缺血性坏死及骨关节炎,而恢复延迟组中则以肩袖损伤、肱骨近端骨折及肩关节不稳定为主,提示软组织及骨折类病变可能导致术后功能恢复迟缓。美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级亦为重要预测因子,研究发现,ASA分级Ⅰ级的病人相较于Ⅱ~Ⅳ级病人更可能进入快速响应组,可能归因于其较少合并基础疾病,术后恢复能力较强,关节盂Walch B2型在快速响应组中比例较高。但Altintas等[17]指出,关节盂形态和功能结果之间无统计学意义的关联,表明该因素的影响尚存在争议。手术方式也影响康复效果,Grubhofer等[15]在2年随访中发现,ATSA病人ASES、SANE和VAS改善高于RTSA病人。Kim等[20]研究结果支持此结论。研究指出,既往有肩部手术史的病人更易进入反应不佳组,可能与组织粘连、瘢痕形成及术中技术难度增加有关[23]。
心理健康状态被证实与术后功能恢复密切相关。Broekman等[19]研究发现,病人在术前及术后1年的关节功能评分与其心理状态存在显著关联,心理状况不良者主观疼痛感更为明显,可能影响康复配合度及整体功能恢复。社会经济因素方面,基于经济剥夺指数分析发现,快速响应组中病人经济剥夺程度多为中度,而反应不佳组与稳定响应组以重度经济剥夺为主,提示经济负担可能通过限制康复资源可及性或降低治疗依从性而间接影响康复轨迹[23]。
本研究纳入的15项研究高频使用的随访时间点为术后3个月、6个月、1年及2年,仅4项研究[16-18,22]随访时间年限>5年。表明当前关于TSA术后功能康复的研究多集中在短期或中期随访阶段。短期随访可有效捕捉功能恢复的高峰期,有助于识别最佳功能代偿窗口,并及时监测早期术后并发症。研究指出,关节脱位与手术部位感染是术后30 d内再入院治疗的常见原因[24],提示短期评估对于风险预警和干预具有重要临床价值。随着手术技术和假体材料的不断进步,关节功能在早期恢复阶段的表现可能发生变化,未来研究应持续探索术后早期功能变化的规律,以识别新的恢复高峰及关键干预时间点。然而,仅依赖短期随访难以全面反映TSA术后病人关节功能的长期维持情况。中长期随访对于评估假体长期稳定性、功能衰退趋势及迟发性并发症(如肩袖再撕裂、假体无菌性松动、肩峰或肩胛骨骨折、肩关节不稳定等)至关重要[25]。英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所(National institute for Health and Care Excellence,NICE)指南[26]指出,目前缺乏关于TSA术后随访时间和内容的循证支持,建议开展相关研究以构建科学合理的术后监测时间表与时间-效益优化模型,说明目前TSA术后长期功能恢复轨迹尚未形成系统性的研究框架。此外,长期随访研究面临诸多挑战,尤其是病人失访率问题。随访周期的延长往往伴随着样本流失风险的上升,影响研究结论的稳定性与代表性。因此,未来相关研究需重视随访策略的科学设计,如加强随访依从性管理、应用电子健康记录系统、合理设置节点等,以保障样本的完整性和数据的连续性,从而获得更为可靠的长期康复轨迹数据。
目前关于TSA术后功能康复轨迹的研究大多聚焦整体趋势的描述,而基于数据驱动方法识别功能恢复异质性轨迹的研究相对较少。13篇文献[7,11-22]通过随访不同时间节点,总结了TSA病人术后关节功能恢复的时间规律,普遍认为关节功能在3~6个月内恢复速度较快,6~12个月功能改善趋于平稳,1年后功能保持稳定且变化较小,并在5~10年内保持较好的功能。该结果有助于深入了解关节功能的整体康复规律,提高临床团队对康复进程的知晓程度,可为病人提供康复进度反馈,帮助病人设定现实的目标和期望[27]。然而,整体趋势分析难以揭示个体间恢复速度与结局的差异。仅有2项研究[8,23]采用数据驱动的轨迹建模方法识别出TSA术后功能恢复的多类别轨迹,并呈现高度一致的结果,58%~59%的病人可在术后早期迅速获得明显改善并保持稳定(快速响应组),27%~28%的病人呈持续稳定改善(稳定响应组),而14%~15%的病人康复进展缓慢,术后改善有限(反应不佳组)。表明TSA术后康复过程存在明显的群体异质性,为实现分层干预提供了理论基础。识别功能恢复的不同轨迹类型对于临床实践具有重要意义。一方面,有助于术前制定个体化预期管理目标;另一方面,可根据轨迹特征优化术后康复路径,提升康复干预的科学性和针对性。张晓璐等[28]在全髋关节置换术病人中的研究指出,应基于轨迹特征调整康复方案,对于功能改善缓慢、最终受益有限的病人,应适时调整康复干预内容与时机,避免机械性遵循统一康复流程;而对于恢复良好的病人,则可适度加速康复进程,以更早实现功能最大化。
已有多项研究围绕TSA术后功能恢复的影响因素开展探讨,涉及人口学、临床特征及心理社会等多个维度。文献报道的相关变量包括年龄[29]、性别[30-31]、肥胖[32]、身高[33]、吸烟史[34]、非优势手臂[35]、术前ROM[36]、疾病类型[37]、ASA[38]、手术时间长[39]、既往肩部手术史[40]、焦虑或抑郁[41]等,但上述研究多数为基于单一时间节点的横断面设计,仅揭示了术后某一阶段与特定因素的相关性,难以全面反映变量在整个康复过程中的动态作用。本研究纳入研究则从纵向视角出发,总结了影响TSA术后功能康复轨迹的主要因素,包括年龄、性别、基础疾病类型、ASA分级、Walch分型、手术方式、既往肩部手术史、心理状态及社会经济负担等。这些因素通过轨迹分析方法与病人在整个随访周期内的功能恢复过程建立关联,较传统横断研究更具时间序列意义与因果推断价值,为识别高风险人群与制定个体化康复策略提供了理论依据。然而,目前关于功能康复轨迹影响因素的研究仍处于初步阶段,尚缺乏对多因素交互作用、作用机制以及时序性影响的系统探讨。未来研究应考虑整合更多维度的信息,如术后康复依从性、生物力学参数、炎症标志物等,运用结构方程模型或机器学习等方法深入解析多因素交互对轨迹分型的贡献。此外,基于已识别的关键影响因素开展早期分层评估与干预,有望提高康复效率,缩短恢复周期,优化TSA术后的整体功能结局。
本研究系统梳理了TSA术后功能康复轨迹的相关文献,发现当前研究主要以整体趋势分析为主,部分研究通过轨迹建模方法识别出存在多类别康复轨迹,揭示术后功能恢复存在群体异质性,并初步探讨了可能的影响因素。然而,目前关于TSA病人康复轨迹的研究仍较为稀缺,未来研究应开展多中心、大样本的队列研究,进一步明晰康复轨迹的类型、转归特征及预测因子,并尝试量化假体功能衰减的关键时间节点,以提升对TSA术后关节功能恢复全过程的理解。上述探索对于构建科学、分层、精准的术后康复管理路径具有重要的临床指导意义,将有助于实现术后康复从经验导向向数据驱动的个体化精准干预转变。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.12.020
  • 接收时间:2025-07-08
  • 首发时间:2026-10-30
  • 出版时间:2026-06-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-08
  • 修回日期:2026-05-29
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    1四川省医学科学院·四川省人民医院,四川 610072
    2电子科技大学医学院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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