Article(id=1322168641454457068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168583854080893, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747152000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-14, revisedDate=1775145600000, revisedDateStr=2026-04-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159168827, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159168827, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159168827, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159168827, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168583854080893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='8', pageStart='1241', pageEnd='1424', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159155095, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159155095, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1403, endPage=1408, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168641655783661, articleId=1322168641454457068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Research progress on the assessment tools of genetics/genomics literacy for nurses, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper summarized the assessment tools of genetics/genomics literacy for nurses,compared their main contents,characteristics and limitations,so as to provide ideas for the development of specific assessment tools for nurses' genetics/genomics literacy in China,to assess the genetics/genomics literacy level of nurses,and to provide basis for formulating effective nursing management strategies and training interventions.

, authors=Xiao LI1, 2, Guibin WU1, 2, Ye WENG3, Wenjun XIE1, 2, Li XU1, 2, Zhexiang KUANG1, 2, Xinli LI1, 2, Han TANG3, authorsList=Xiao LI, Guibin WU, Ye WENG, Wenjun XIE, Li XU, Zhexiang KUANG, Xinli LI, Han TANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Han TANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
TANG Han, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168642041659630, articleId=1322168641454457068, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=护士遗传素养评估工具研究进展, columnId=1220689485482873504, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

总结护士遗传素养评估工具,对主要内容、特点及局限性进行比较,以期为我国特异性护士遗传素养评估工具开发提供思路,为评估护士遗传素养水平、制定有效的护理管理策略和培训干预提供依据。

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李潇,主管护师,硕士研究生

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唐涵,E-mail:
TANG Han, E-mail:
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护士遗传素养评估工具研究进展
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李潇 1, 2 , 吴桂彬 1, 2 , 翁叶 3 , 解文君 1, 2 , 徐丽 1, 2 , 匡哲湘 1, 2 , 李昕砾 1, 2 , 唐涵 3, *, *
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(8): 1403-1408
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (8) : 1403 -1408
护士遗传素养评估工具研究进展
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李潇1, 2, 吴桂彬1, 2, 翁叶3, 解文君1, 2, 徐丽1, 2, 匡哲湘1, 2, 李昕砾1, 2, 唐涵3, *, *
作者信息
  • 1中国医学科学院血液病医院(中国医学科学院血液学研究所),血液与健康全国重点实验室,国家血液系统疾病临床医学研究中心,细胞生态海河实验室,天津 300020
  • 2天津医学健康研究院
  • 3温州医科大学护理学院
通讯作者:
唐涵,E-mail:
TANG Han, E-mail:
作者简介:

李潇,主管护师,硕士研究生

Research progress on the assessment tools of genetics/genomics literacy for nurses
Xiao LI1, 2, Guibin WU1, 2, Ye WENG3, Wenjun XIE1, 2, Li XU1, 2, Zhexiang KUANG1, 2, Xinli LI1, 2, Han TANG3
Affiliations
  • 1State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin 300020 China
  • 2Tianjin Institutes of Health Science
  • 3School of Nursing, Wenzhou Medical University
  • Corresponding Author:
    TANG Han, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.022
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总结护士遗传素养评估工具,对主要内容、特点及局限性进行比较,以期为我国特异性护士遗传素养评估工具开发提供思路,为评估护士遗传素养水平、制定有效的护理管理策略和培训干预提供依据。

护士  /  遗传素养  /  基因素养  /  评估工具  /  护理管理  /  综述

This paper summarized the assessment tools of genetics/genomics literacy for nurses,compared their main contents,characteristics and limitations,so as to provide ideas for the development of specific assessment tools for nurses' genetics/genomics literacy in China,to assess the genetics/genomics literacy level of nurses,and to provide basis for formulating effective nursing management strategies and training interventions.

nurses  /  genetics literacy  /  genomics literacy  /  assessment tools  /  nursing management  /  review
李潇, 吴桂彬, 翁叶, 解文君, 徐丽, 匡哲湘, 李昕砾, 唐涵. 护士遗传素养评估工具研究进展. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (8) : 1403 -1408 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.022
Xiao LI, Guibin WU, Ye WENG, Wenjun XIE, Li XU, Zhexiang KUANG, Xinli LI, Han TANG. Research progress on the assessment tools of genetics/genomics literacy for nurses[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (8) : 1403 -1408 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.022
遗传学和基因组学的快速发展正重塑医学范式,推动护理实践向精准化方向转型[1]。在这一变革进程中,护士作为遗传健康信息的关键传递者和临床决策的重要参与者,其遗传素养水平直接影响精准护理服务的可及性与有效性[2-4]。《健康中国行动(2019—2030年)》[5]提出要加强护理人员在遗传服务领域的专业能力,以满足国家精准医学战略的需求。目前,我国相关研究数量较少,处于起步状态[1,6]。国外研究显示,护士的遗传素养水平普遍较低,其在遗传知识的掌握、遗传技能的运用以及对遗传相关问题的认知态度方面存在明显不足[7-8]。这不仅制约了精准医疗在护理实践中的深入推进,也影响病人的健康结局和就医体验[9]。遗传素养评估工具是衡量护士遗传素养水平的重要手段。高质量的评估工具可以精准识别护士在遗传素养方面的优势与不足,为实施针对性的培训教育提供客观依据,从而助力护理管理者优化护理人员资源配置,进而提升整体护理质量。因此,本研究从工具内容、特点及局限性等方面对护士遗传素养评估工具进行综述,旨在为科学选择、汉化或特异性编制遗传素养评估工具提供参考,以期提高护士遗传素养评估的准确性及研究质量,贯彻精准护理理念,响应国家相关政策与医疗理念。
遗传素养的概念包括遗传素养与基因组素养[10]。美国国家人类基因组研究所将遗传素养定义为获取、处理、理解和使用基因组信息,以进行健康相关决策的能力[11-12]。该定义凸显了知识获取和认知技能双重要素。在护理领域中,学者们进一步聚焦专业实践需求,早期研究多强调遗传学知识储备对护理实践能力发展的基础作用[13-15]。但Bayrak等[16]认为此类知识只构成了遗传素养的基础。Bowling等[17]引入决策参与视角,将遗传素养定义为对遗传原理有足够的了解和认知,以支持个体健康决策及社会性遗传问题参与的能力。Daly等[18]将其进一步扩展至应用层面,强调须具备在个人、社会及专业环境中有效地沟通、应用所学信息,并做出明智的决策的综合能力。尽管定义视角存在差异,但均指向遗传学知识的系统性掌握、信息转化与决策支持能力两大核心要素。综上所述,护士遗传素养是护士通过整合遗传学基础知识与临床推理技能,精准解析复杂遗传信息,并最终转化为个性化健康决策支持的专业能力体系。
REAL-G由美国学者Erby等[19]于2008年基于成年人医学素养快速评估工具[20]开发,用于评估个体遗传学术语识读能力。该工具通过让个体识读词汇并根据发音是否正确进行计分,即单词正确识读计1分,错读或跳读计0分,总分为0~63分,得分越高,遗传素养水平越高。为提升工具的适用性,Erby等[19]将其简化为仅包括8个单词的版本(Short REAL-G),并通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析,REAL-G与Short REAL-G的最佳截断值分别为50、3分,为识别遗传素养不足的个体提供了依据。Rodríguez等[21]将REAL-G用于116名西班牙公众的遗传素养研究。但该量表目前仅用于医学生评估[22],尚未拓展至护理领域。
需要注意的是,REAL-G仅评估术语朗读的准确性,未涉及概念理解维度。此外,该工具受限于识读性质,其在以远程评估为主的研究中的应用受到一定限制[23]。但REAL-G的条目与遗传学常用的术语高度相关,能够准确评估受试者在遗传学领域中的识读能力。Short REAL-G仅需1 min即可完成,条目少且分级标准明确,适合在临床环境中使用,今后可以考虑用作护士遗传素养水平的初步筛选工具。
GLAC由美国学者Hooker等[24]于2014年基于Short REAL-G编制,用于评估在印刷格式下个体对常见遗传术语和概念的熟悉程度。该评估工具包括两个部分,第1部分由遗传、染色体、易感性、突变、变异、异常、遗传性、散发性8个专业术语组成,采用Likert 7级评分法,此部分得分为各专业词汇得分之和的平均值,得分为1~7分。第2部分为与8个专业词汇理解相关的单项选择题,答对1题计1分,答错不计分,此部分得分为0~8分。GLAC总分为两部分得分之和,总分为1~15分,总分>10分时,认为受试者对常见遗传术语和概念的熟悉度较高[25]。该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.89,信效度较好。Little等[26]在GLAC的基础上增加了第9个遗传术语“基因组”,以评估个体对基因组学最近进展的认识,但该项不计入GLAC工具总分。目前,该量表已被翻译为印度尼西亚版本[22]、巴勒斯坦版本[27]及土耳其版本[28],尚未检索到中文版本。该量表多用于癌症病人[29]、公众[25],2024年Allen等[30]将其应用于社区医务工作者遗传素养的调查。
GLAC未涉及对个体获取遗传学信息能力的评估,可能会限制其在某些研究领域中的应用。此外,该评估工具没有明确的等级划分标准,可能会影响量表结果的解释和应用。但该工具的双重评估机制(术语熟悉度及概念理解)较传统识读工具更有认知深度,适用于识别护理人员遗传知识盲区并指导培训课程设计,因此,未来可考虑将此量表应用于临床护士群体中。
iGLAS是由心理学家、遗传学家和伦理学家等组成的多学科联盟于2017年开发,用于评估受试者对遗传学的认知、态度及感受[31-32]。该工具包括遗传知识、遗传力评估、态度与意见及一般人口学资料4部分内容,每部分内容单独计分。遗传知识模块包括17个条目,用于快速评估受试者对常见的遗传学相关概念的理解,为了减少常见评分方法差异对结果的影响,此部分的条目采用二分制、多选题的形式呈现。遗传力评估模块要求受试者对身高、体重、智商、瞳孔颜色、抑郁症、性取向、学业成绩、动力8个复杂性状的遗传贡献进行评估,此部分内容采用百分制评估法,评分为0分(不受遗传影响)~100分(完全受遗传影响)。态度与意见模块由17个条目组成,旨在询问受试者对基因编辑、遗传数据隐私、法律应用等议题的立场,采用Likert 7级评分法。一般人口学资料模块由14个基本问题组成,此模块可针对特定职业添加个性化条目。该量表15~20 min即可完成填写。
iGLAS虽已完成日语、意大利语等9国语言版本的开发[33],但尚未检索到中文版本,且部分概念易引发跨语言或非专业受试者的误解。然而,iGLAS通过提供知识解析,兼具评估和教育功能,提升受试者的科学参与度,且应用场景具有多样性,贴合遗传学多领域应用趋势。此外,该量表具有良好的灵活性,可采用动态条目呈现机制提升职业的适配性,因此,可考虑利用该工具对临床护士的遗传素养水平进行测评。
GLS是由美国学者Abrams等[25]于2015年编制,以Rogers等[34]的创新扩散理论为依据,构建了遗传素养的3个维度,旨在综合评估受试者对遗传学的理解和应用能力。该工具包括遗传知识的熟悉度、实践技能和概念性知识3个维度。遗传知识熟悉度维度采用GLAC中的8个条目,计分方式不变,此部分的Cronbach's α系数为0.951。实践技能维度基于提供的遗传风险信息,通过6个选择题和填空题考察个体的信息解读和应用能力,回答正确计1分,回答错误计0分,总分为0~6分,此维度的库德-理查逊公式值(the Kuder-Richardson Formula 20,KR-20)为0.755。概念性知识维度包括 16 个关于基因及其功能的描述,回答“是”计1分,回答“不知道/否”计0分,其中7个条目为反向计分,此维度的KR-20为0.842。
GLS虽然通过主客观结合方式实现多维度测评,但其实践技能评估依赖预设信息材料的阅读依从性,存在因受试者注意力波动而导致测量偏倚的风险。需要指出的是,尽管GLS既往研究多聚焦普通人群,但因其严格遵循创新扩散理论的维度构建逻辑,在整合研究证据、优化测量方法及识别遗传学认知差距方面具有独特的优势,未来可拓展应用于临床护士群体的遗传素养评估,以指导临床护理实践。
GGNPS是由美国学者Calzone等[35]于2012年以Rogers等[34]的创新扩散理论为依据开发,旨在评估护士在临床实践中整合遗传学的能力。GGNPS通过改良已验证的家庭医生遗传学应用评估工具[36],重构形成知识/能力、态度/接受度、信心、决策/采纳及社会系统5个维度,共31个条目的测评体系。知识/能力维度包括12个条目,条目包括多项选择题、二分制和Likert 5级量表题,回答正确计1分,错误计0分,总分为0~12分,得分越高,表示知识/能力水平越高。其余维度条目均作独立指标分析,不进行总分聚合。该量表内容效度为0.805,结构效度未达理想水平[37-38]。Zhao等[39]在我国护士群体中对GGNPS进行汉化和信效度检验,中文版 GGNPS的内容效度为0.94,Cronbach's α系数为0.867。此外,该量表也广泛应用于其他国家,如加拿大[8]、土耳其[40]及以色列[41],均表现出了较好的信效度。
GGNPS的稳定性存在不足,可能会使评估结果出现偏差。但该量表以创新扩散理论为基础构建,涵盖多个维度,支持线上线下填写,适应不同研究场景,且其进一步评估了信心、社会系统和态度等因素如何与知识/能力相互作用,以及这些因素如何共同影响临床实践中遗传学的应用是否被采纳[38]。
GNCI是由美国学者Ward[42]于2011年基于认知理论和心理测量模型编制,用于评估护士遗传学核心概念的理解水平。包括基因组基础知识(12个条目)、基因突变(3个条目)、遗传模式(8个条目)及基因组医疗应用(8个条目)4个方面,共31个条目,内容涵盖基因功能、药物基因组学、家族健康史评估等临床相关场景[43]。各条目答对计1分,答错不得分,总分为0~31分,得分越高,遗传素养水平越高。该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.77,内部一致性信度为0.73~0.87。条目难度指数(正确率为42.8%~47.1%)符合预设标准(40%~55%)[13,44]。GNCI填写大约需要30 min,网络版Cronbach's α系数为0.76,信效度较好[13,44-45]。该量表在澳大利亚[14]、希腊[46]、加拿大[47]、约旦[48]、芬兰[49]及克罗地亚[50]进行了本土化,信效度均表现良好。
GNCI缺乏统一的等级划分标准,仅以总百分比作为参考。但该量表基于护理遗传学能力标准开发,涵盖临床实践核心概念、心理测量指标较完善,具有较好的信效度;条目计分方式简单且支持电子化评分,便于大规模使用。
GGLA量表由美国学者Sharoff[51]于2021年编制,用于评估护士的遗传素养水平。该量表包括遗传学相关知识(15个条目)、遗传学整合的感知与态度(7个条目)和遗传学舒适度(5个条目)3个维度,共27个条目。遗传学相关知识模块取自De Sevo [52]基于美国护理学院协会《本科护理教育的基本要求》和美国护理协会《遗传学护理的基本能力、课程指导和结果指标》构建的概念量表,各条目答对计1分,答错不计分,总分为0~15分。此部分的Cronbach's α系数为0.70。遗传学整合的感知与态度模块评估护士对遗传学的重要性、教育需求及伦理倡导的态度,遗传学舒适度模块评估护士在临床场景中应用遗传学知识的信心。两模块均采用Likert 5级评分法,各条目单独计分。
GGLA缺乏整体水平分级标准。此外,该量表的信效度数据不完善,尚未检索到中文版本。但其从多维度评估了护士的遗传素养水平,填写便捷,适合快速筛查。量表结果以分数项数据呈现(如正确率、百分比),有助于针对性识别具体短板。
SGAPN由土耳其学者Bayrak等[16]于2024年编制,用于评估儿科护士遗传学相关知识、教育及临床实践中的素养水平。该量表包括遗传知识(13个条目)、遗传教育和实践(12个条目)及遗传传递信息(7个条目)3个维度,共32个条目。遗传知识涵盖基因基础概念、遗传筛查等内容;遗传教育和实践关注遗传咨询、伦理及家庭支持等实践能力;遗传传递信息涉及遗传病传播模式及风险计算。各条目采用Likert量表计分(具体等级未标注),得分越高表明儿科护士遗传素养水平越高。SGAPN的Cronbach's α系数为0.893,各维度的Cronbach's α系数分别为0.845,0.893,0.600,内容效度为0.62。SGAPN遗传传递信息维度一致性较低,缺乏统一的等级划分标准。目前该量表主要用于土耳其儿科护士群体,尚未检索到跨文化适应版本。但该量表可全面评估儿科护士遗传知识、临床实践和培训领域,条目设计全面且合理。
1)多数遗传素养评估工具由多种题型组成,评分方式多样且烦琐,缺乏遗传素养水平的等级划分标准,这在一定程度上增加了评估的难度和主观性。因此,应建立遗传素养评估工具的常模数据库及制定科学、合理的等级划分标准,以提升评估的准确性和可操作性。同时,应加强对评估工具的信效度检验,确保其稳定性和可靠性,从而为护士遗传素养的评估提供更为有力的支持。2)现有遗传素养评估工具多为国外开发,内容侧重遗传学相关知识的评估,且多数工具的构建过程缺乏理论依据,评估维度碎片化,难以全面反映护理实践的需求。缺乏根据我国文化背景及护士群体特点编制的原创性遗传素养评估工具。虽然国内有学者对GGNPS及GNCI进行了汉化,但缺乏全国范围内的多中心、大样本研究。3)护士群体具有其特殊的医疗专业属性,而针对这一人群的特异性遗传素养评估工具欠缺。应根据人群特点进一步发展护士遗传素养的概念要义及理论模型,并依此构建特异性评估工具。未来应结合我国护理专业特点和工作需求,构建遗传素养评估体系。
本研究对护士遗传素养评估工具的主要内容、特点及局限性等方面进行综述。目前对于护士遗传素养评估工具的开发仍处于探索阶段,不同研究对遗传素养的定义、概念模型尚未统一,现有工具的质量参差不齐,且大多缺乏等级划分标准。我国对护士遗传素养的研究起步较晚,相关评估工具以引入国外量表为主。未来亟须结合我国医疗体制和亚专科特色,科学化并标准化地界定护士遗传素养的定义、概念模型,规范开发护士遗传素养的特异性评估工具,重视护士遗传素养评价工具的质量评价及在临床实践中的可行性,进一步探索我国护士遗传素养水平及影响因素,同时将遗传素养纳入护士培训当中,充分利用各种手段实施针对性的促进策略,以更好地服务于遗传学临床实践,全面提升病人的健康结局。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.022
  • 接收时间:2025-05-14
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14
  • 修回日期:2026-04-03
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    1中国医学科学院血液病医院(中国医学科学院血液学研究所),血液与健康全国重点实验室,国家血液系统疾病临床医学研究中心,细胞生态海河实验室,天津 300020
    2天津医学健康研究院
    3温州医科大学护理学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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