Article(id=1322168861588304570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168583854080893, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.009, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1744819200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-17, revisedDate=1774195200000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-23, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159221312, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1777046400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159221312, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159221312, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159221312, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168583854080893, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='8', pageStart='1241', pageEnd='1424', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1777046400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159155095, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159155095, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1307, endPage=1316, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168861806408379, articleId=1322168861588304570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Spatiotemporal dynamics of the coupling coordination between nursing human resources and healthcare service capacity in the Chuan-Yu region, columnId=1220689487877821128, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Interdisciplinary Nursing Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To reveal the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of the coupling and coordination between nursing human resources and medical and healthcare service capacity in the Chuan-Yu region,and to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors,in order to provide scientific basis for the optimal allocation of regional public health resources.

Methods

Based on the coupling coordination degree model,the coupling coordination degree between nursing human resources and healthcare service capacity in the Chuan-Yu region from 2011 to 2021 was analyzed.The time series dynamic characteristics of the coupling coordination degree were depicted using the kernel density estimation method.Spatial agglomeration patterns were identified through global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis.Geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR) model was constructed to quantify the strength and spatial differentiation of the effects of multiple influencing factors.

Results

From the perspective of temporal evolution,the coupling coordination degree of nursing human resources and healthcare service capacity in the Chuan-Yu region increased from 0.239 in 2011 to 0.273 in 2021.The kernel density curve presented a multimodal structure with increased peak values.The width gradually expanded,and the left trailing extension was widened.From the perspective of spatial pattern,the global Moran's index increased from -0.282 in 2011 to 0.299 in 2021.In 2021,the local spatial autocorrelation analysis clustering was dominated by "high-high" and "low-low",forming "core-periphery" polarization structure.From the perspective of influencing factors,the factors that have a positive influence on the coupling coordination degree were the end-of-year permanent resident population,urbanization rate,average salary,and the number of insured people for urban basic medical insurance.The factors that have a negative impact were the total length of highways and per capita regional GDP.

Conclusions

The coupling coordination degree of the two systems in the Chuan-Yu region has been continuously improving.The clustering trend of the coupling coordination degree is obvious,and regional differentiation has intensified.The coordination relationship showed positive spatial correlation,and the degree of being driven by real factors varies.Relevant departments should promote the balanced development of nursing human resources and improve the investment mechanism for medical and health services.

, authors=Jingjing YANG1, Jieting CHEN1, 2, authorsList=Jingjing YANG, Jieting CHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jieting CHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
CHEN Jieting, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168862875955904, articleId=1322168861588304570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调时空动态变化, columnId=1220689488053981904, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=交叉护理学研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

揭示川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调的时空演化规律,分析影响因素的空间异质性,为区域公共卫生资源优化配置提供科学依据。

方法

基于耦合协调度模型,分析2011—2021年川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力之间的耦合协调度,运用核密度估计方法分析耦合协调度时序动态特征,通过全局、局部空间自相关分析识别空间集聚格局,并构建时空地理加权回归模型量化多维影响因素的作用强度与空间分异。

结果

从时序演化看,川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的耦合协调度从2011年的0.239上升至2021年的0.273,核密度曲线呈多峰结构且峰值增高,宽度逐渐扩大,左拖尾的延展性拓宽。从空间格局看,全局莫兰指数从2011年的-0.282跃升至2021年的0.299,2021年局部空间自相关分析聚集类型以“高-高”和“低-低”为主导,形成“核心-边缘”极化结构。从影响因素看,对耦合协调度产生正向影响的因素是年末常住人口、城镇化率、平均工资、城镇基本医疗保险参保人数,产生负向影响的因素是公路总里程和人均地区生产总值。

结论

川渝地区两系统耦合协调度发展水平不断提升,耦合协调度的集聚趋势明显且区域分化加剧,协调关系呈空间正相关,受现实因素的驱动程度不同。相关部门应助推护理人力资源均衡发展,完善医疗卫生服务投入机制。

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阳晶晶,本科

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陈洁婷,E-mail:
CHEN Jieting, E-mail:
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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530538372583929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168861588304570, language=CN, label=图1, caption=川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调度水平的核密度曲线, figureFileSmall=H3tAI+tIryfJ0PKP+Vh/zQ==, figureFileBig=1TWSzekpfRPmsVlBZwDWzQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530538460664314, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168861588304570, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Local Moran's index scatter plot of the coupling coordination degree between nursing human resources and healthcare service capacity in the Chuan-Yu region, figureFileSmall=kbzC+bv4ifYfiwpmSmZHvA==, figureFileBig=HP8yXcb2RdRG83NiOz3OKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530538531967483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168861588304570, language=CN, label=图2, caption=川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调度的局部莫兰散点图

(A为2011年;B为2021年)

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Indicator system for nursing human resources and healthcare service capacity

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系统一级指标二级指标权重(%)序号
护理人力资源人力资源数量疾病预防控制中心注册护士数10.311X1
基层医疗卫生机构注册护士数18.444X2
医院注册护士数21.762X3
妇幼保健院注册护士数20.830X4
人力资源结构医护比14.289X5
护卫比2.791X6
床护比11.574X7
医疗卫生服务能力医疗服务质量医生人均每日负担住院床日3.461X8
医生人均每日负担诊疗人次37.197X9
出院者平均住院日5.541X10
病床周转次数27.658X11
医疗服务效率病床使用率2.780X12
住院病人周转率23.154X13
门急诊服务率0.210X14
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护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力指标体系

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系统一级指标二级指标权重(%)序号
护理人力资源人力资源数量疾病预防控制中心注册护士数10.311X1
基层医疗卫生机构注册护士数18.444X2
医院注册护士数21.762X3
妇幼保健院注册护士数20.830X4
人力资源结构医护比14.289X5
护卫比2.791X6
床护比11.574X7
医疗卫生服务能力医疗服务质量医生人均每日负担住院床日3.461X8
医生人均每日负担诊疗人次37.197X9
出院者平均住院日5.541X10
病床周转次数27.658X11
医疗服务效率病床使用率2.780X12
住院病人周转率23.154X13
门急诊服务率0.210X14
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Classification criteria for coupling coordination degree

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耦合协调度耦合协调等级
0.00~0.09极度失调
0.10~0.19严重失调
0.20~0.29中度失调
0.30~0.39轻度失调
0.40~0.49濒临失调
0.50~0.59勉强协调
0.60~0.69初级协调
0.70~0.79中级协调
0.80~0.89良好协调
0.90~1.00优质协调
), ArticleFig(id=1322530538812985855, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168861588304570, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

耦合协调度等级划分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
耦合协调度耦合协调等级
0.00~0.09极度失调
0.10~0.19严重失调
0.20~0.29中度失调
0.30~0.39轻度失调
0.40~0.49濒临失调
0.50~0.59勉强协调
0.60~0.69初级协调
0.70~0.79中级协调
0.80~0.89良好协调
0.90~1.00优质协调
), ArticleFig(id=1322530538875900416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168861588304570, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Coupling coordination degree between nursing human resources and healthcare service capacity in the Chuan-Yu region from 2011 to 2021

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区2011年2013年2015年2017年2019年2021年
平均值0.2390.2520.2610.2790.2820.273
成都0.3600.3430.3320.3320.3220.269
自贡0.2360.2510.2670.2880.3060.315
攀枝花0.2040.2060.2100.2410.2230.226
泸州0.2090.2290.2630.2840.2790.276
德阳0.2310.2550.2620.2730.2870.291
绵阳0.2800.3140.3110.3250.3220.292
广元0.2280.2380.2470.2630.2820.288
遂宁0.2110.2210.2390.2690.2700.279
内江0.2370.2260.2380.2530.2890.297
乐山0.2230.2580.2790.3080.3170.292
南充0.2480.2700.3000.3200.3060.285
眉山0.2390.2610.2680.2950.3040.267
宜宾0.2310.2500.2800.3150.3300.299
广安0.2080.2200.2420.2620.2690.272
达州0.2350.2650.2940.3130.3020.293
雅安0.2170.2200.2230.2280.2330.242
巴中0.2250.2290.2410.2580.2730.277
资阳0.2210.2470.2550.2560.2540.280
阿坝州0.2240.2590.2640.2740.2760.240
甘孜州0.1980.1910.1920.2180.2050.199
凉山州0.2860.2870.2610.2900.2840.269
重庆0.3030.3110.2850.2810.2650.257
), ArticleFig(id=1322530538976563713, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168861588304570, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

2011—2021年川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的耦合协调度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地区2011年2013年2015年2017年2019年2021年
平均值0.2390.2520.2610.2790.2820.273
成都0.3600.3430.3320.3320.3220.269
自贡0.2360.2510.2670.2880.3060.315
攀枝花0.2040.2060.2100.2410.2230.226
泸州0.2090.2290.2630.2840.2790.276
德阳0.2310.2550.2620.2730.2870.291
绵阳0.2800.3140.3110.3250.3220.292
广元0.2280.2380.2470.2630.2820.288
遂宁0.2110.2210.2390.2690.2700.279
内江0.2370.2260.2380.2530.2890.297
乐山0.2230.2580.2790.3080.3170.292
南充0.2480.2700.3000.3200.3060.285
眉山0.2390.2610.2680.2950.3040.267
宜宾0.2310.2500.2800.3150.3300.299
广安0.2080.2200.2420.2620.2690.272
达州0.2350.2650.2940.3130.3020.293
雅安0.2170.2200.2230.2280.2330.242
巴中0.2250.2290.2410.2580.2730.277
资阳0.2210.2470.2550.2560.2540.280
阿坝州0.2240.2590.2640.2740.2760.240
甘孜州0.1980.1910.1920.2180.2050.199
凉山州0.2860.2870.2610.2900.2840.269
重庆0.3030.3110.2850.2810.2650.257
), ArticleFig(id=1322530539043672578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168861588304570, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Global Moran's index of the coupling coordination degree between nursing human resources and healthcare service capacity in the Chuan-Yu region from 2011 to 2020

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Z值P莫兰指数
2011年-2.0070.022-0.282
2012年-1.3170.094-0.214
2013年-1.4170.078-0.229
2014年-0.6790.249-0.135
2015年-0.0340.487-0.052
2016年-0.1330.447-0.065
2017年-0.0840.467-0.059
2018年1.2840.1000.118
2019年1.0950.1370.094
2020年2.8310.0020.296
2021年2.7730.0030.299
), ArticleFig(id=1322530539102392835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168861588304570, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2011—2021年川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调度的全局莫兰指数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份Z值P莫兰指数
2011年-2.0070.022-0.282
2012年-1.3170.094-0.214
2013年-1.4170.078-0.229
2014年-0.6790.249-0.135
2015年-0.0340.487-0.052
2016年-0.1330.447-0.065
2017年-0.0840.467-0.059
2018年1.2840.1000.118
2019年1.0950.1370.094
2020年2.8310.0020.296
2021年2.7730.0030.299
), ArticleFig(id=1322530539173696004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168861588304570, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Aggregation patterns of the coupling coordination degree between nursing human resources and healthcare service capacity in the Chuan-Yu region

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
集聚类型2011年2021年
高-高泸州市、遂宁市、资阳市、巴中市
南充市、广元市、自贡市、绵阳市、
宜宾市、内江市、乐山市
高-低南充市、绵阳市、凉山州、重庆市、成都市达州市、德阳市
低-高攀枝花市、资阳市、德阳市、阿坝州重庆市、眉山市、广安市
广元市、雅安市、达州市、泸州市、
遂宁市、广安市
低-低宜宾市、自贡市、巴中市攀枝花市、甘孜州、阿坝州、雅安市、成都市、凉山州
), ArticleFig(id=1322530539265970693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168861588304570, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调度的集聚模式

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
集聚类型2011年2021年
高-高泸州市、遂宁市、资阳市、巴中市
南充市、广元市、自贡市、绵阳市、
宜宾市、内江市、乐山市
高-低南充市、绵阳市、凉山州、重庆市、成都市达州市、德阳市
低-高攀枝花市、资阳市、德阳市、阿坝州重庆市、眉山市、广安市
广元市、雅安市、达州市、泸州市、
遂宁市、广安市
低-低宜宾市、自贡市、巴中市攀枝花市、甘孜州、阿坝州、雅安市、成都市、凉山州
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川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调时空动态变化
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阳晶晶 1 , 陈洁婷 1, 2, *, *
护理研究 | 交叉护理学研究 2026,40(8): 1307-1316
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护理研究 |交叉护理学研究 2026 , 40 (8) : 1307 -1316
川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调时空动态变化
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阳晶晶1, 陈洁婷1, 2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1石河子大学医学院,新疆 832003
  • 2新疆师范大学教育科学学院
通讯作者:
陈洁婷,E-mail:
CHEN Jieting, E-mail:
作者简介:

阳晶晶,本科

Spatiotemporal dynamics of the coupling coordination between nursing human resources and healthcare service capacity in the Chuan-Yu region
Jingjing YANG1, Jieting CHEN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang 832003 China
  • 2School of Educational Science, Xinjiang Normal University
  • Corresponding Author:
    CHEN Jieting, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.009
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目的

揭示川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调的时空演化规律,分析影响因素的空间异质性,为区域公共卫生资源优化配置提供科学依据。

方法

基于耦合协调度模型,分析2011—2021年川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力之间的耦合协调度,运用核密度估计方法分析耦合协调度时序动态特征,通过全局、局部空间自相关分析识别空间集聚格局,并构建时空地理加权回归模型量化多维影响因素的作用强度与空间分异。

结果

从时序演化看,川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的耦合协调度从2011年的0.239上升至2021年的0.273,核密度曲线呈多峰结构且峰值增高,宽度逐渐扩大,左拖尾的延展性拓宽。从空间格局看,全局莫兰指数从2011年的-0.282跃升至2021年的0.299,2021年局部空间自相关分析聚集类型以“高-高”和“低-低”为主导,形成“核心-边缘”极化结构。从影响因素看,对耦合协调度产生正向影响的因素是年末常住人口、城镇化率、平均工资、城镇基本医疗保险参保人数,产生负向影响的因素是公路总里程和人均地区生产总值。

结论

川渝地区两系统耦合协调度发展水平不断提升,耦合协调度的集聚趋势明显且区域分化加剧,协调关系呈空间正相关,受现实因素的驱动程度不同。相关部门应助推护理人力资源均衡发展,完善医疗卫生服务投入机制。

川渝地区  /  时空地理加权回归模型  /  人力资源  /  护理管理  /  医疗卫生服务能力  /  耦合协调度
Objective

To reveal the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of the coupling and coordination between nursing human resources and medical and healthcare service capacity in the Chuan-Yu region,and to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of influencing factors,in order to provide scientific basis for the optimal allocation of regional public health resources.

Methods

Based on the coupling coordination degree model,the coupling coordination degree between nursing human resources and healthcare service capacity in the Chuan-Yu region from 2011 to 2021 was analyzed.The time series dynamic characteristics of the coupling coordination degree were depicted using the kernel density estimation method.Spatial agglomeration patterns were identified through global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis.Geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR) model was constructed to quantify the strength and spatial differentiation of the effects of multiple influencing factors.

Results

From the perspective of temporal evolution,the coupling coordination degree of nursing human resources and healthcare service capacity in the Chuan-Yu region increased from 0.239 in 2011 to 0.273 in 2021.The kernel density curve presented a multimodal structure with increased peak values.The width gradually expanded,and the left trailing extension was widened.From the perspective of spatial pattern,the global Moran's index increased from -0.282 in 2011 to 0.299 in 2021.In 2021,the local spatial autocorrelation analysis clustering was dominated by "high-high" and "low-low",forming "core-periphery" polarization structure.From the perspective of influencing factors,the factors that have a positive influence on the coupling coordination degree were the end-of-year permanent resident population,urbanization rate,average salary,and the number of insured people for urban basic medical insurance.The factors that have a negative impact were the total length of highways and per capita regional GDP.

Conclusions

The coupling coordination degree of the two systems in the Chuan-Yu region has been continuously improving.The clustering trend of the coupling coordination degree is obvious,and regional differentiation has intensified.The coordination relationship showed positive spatial correlation,and the degree of being driven by real factors varies.Relevant departments should promote the balanced development of nursing human resources and improve the investment mechanism for medical and health services.

Chuan-Yu region  /  geographically and temporally weighted regression(GTWR) model  /  human resources  /  nursing management  /  healthcare service capacity  /  coupling coordination degree
阳晶晶, 陈洁婷. 川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调时空动态变化. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (8) : 1307 -1316 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.009
Jingjing YANG, Jieting CHEN. Spatiotemporal dynamics of the coupling coordination between nursing human resources and healthcare service capacity in the Chuan-Yu region[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (8) : 1307 -1316 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.009
在“健康中国”战略与“川渝一盘棋”国家区域协同发展的双重驱动下,川渝地区医疗卫生体系加速整合,护理人力资源规模快速扩张与医疗服务能力显著提升。然而,随着经济社会的快速发展、人口老龄化的加剧和疾病谱系的转变以及叠加效应[1],护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务需求之间的匹配问题逐渐凸显。护理人力资源总量、质量和结构面临三维失衡的问题[2],医疗卫生服务资源聚集在城市中心[3],基层服务能力薄弱和服务模式滞后成为制约区域卫生健康事业高质量发展的关键因素。这两大矛盾的交互作用,导致区域健康服务效率损耗,成为制约公共服务一体化的关键因素。随着“健康中国”战略的深化与区域协同发展的推进,护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的协同关系逐渐成为学界关注焦点。国内外研究主要围绕护理人力资源配置和医疗卫生服务效能方向展开。在护理人力资源配置方面,国外研究侧重政策干预对护理人力结构的影响,如突发公共卫生事件中的应急调配机制[4-6]、护士职业环境与服务质量的关系[7-8];国内学者则多聚焦区域性护理人力缺口测算[9-12]、基层护士职业发展瓶颈[13-14],强调量、质、构均衡对服务能力的基础性作用。在医疗卫生服务效能方面,研究普遍关注医疗资源空间可达性[15-16]、服务效率评价[17-18],但对服务能力与护理人力动态匹配的机制探讨不足,尤其缺乏跨系统的协同效应分析。现有研究多采用单一系统视角,忽视两者耦合协调的非线性互动机制。传统分析多基于截面数据或线性模型,无法捕捉如政策滞后期、空间溢出性等时空交互效应,导致资源配置策略的“时空脱嵌”[19]。本研究突破现有框架,基于耦合协调度模型,分析护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的动态适配规律;融合时空地理加权回归模型(GTWR)进行多尺度空间分析,揭示影响因素的空间异质性及其跨层级传导机制。
选取2012—2022年《中国统计年鉴》、2012—2022年《四川卫生健康年鉴》中川渝地区22个城市的医疗卫生服务能力与护理人力资源相关指标数据,为保证实证分析的准确度,采用极差标准化法对原始数据进行处理。
本研究在构建护理人力资源系统时,综合参考了相关领域的研究成果[20-21],以护理人力资源数量及结构2个二级维度构建护理人力资源系统,其中人力资源数量包括疾病预防控制中心注册护士数、基层医疗卫生机构注册护士数、医院注册护士数、妇幼保健院注册护士数;结构包括医护比、床护比、护卫比。医疗卫生服务能力系统借鉴已有学术研究[22-23],从医疗服务的质量和效率两个关键层面入手,医疗服务质量包括医生人均每日担负住院床日、医生人均每日担负诊疗人次、出院者平均住院日和病床周转次数;效率则采用病床使用率、住院病人周转率、门急诊服务率,见表1。
川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的耦合协调度受多种因素共同影响,本研究选取耦合协调度作为被解释变量,结合行业特征与数据的可获取性等因素,选取人均地区生产总值、年末常住人口、城镇化率、城镇基本医疗保险参保人数、平均工资、公路总里程作为解释变量。
耦合协调度模型用于衡量两个相互依赖与相互制约的系统之间的协调发展水平,不仅可以描述系统间的内部协调状况,还能深入分析系统在不同层面的互动程度[24-25]。公式为:D=C×T,T=αU1+βU2,其中,C表示护理人力资源和医疗卫生服务能力的耦合度,T为综合评价指数,α、β为护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力对二者协同性的贡献率,本研究认为二者同样重要,因此α=β=0.5。D为耦合协调度,取值范围为0~1,越接近1,说明系统间的相互作用程度越高;反之,说明系统间的相互作用程度越低。见表2。
核密度估计方法通过构建连续的概率密度函数描绘川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调度随时间的动态演进特征[26],通过比较不同时间点的核密度曲线的中心轴、形态、延展性和极化趋势,考察其演变趋势。核密度曲线中心轴的靠近和远离0端表示川渝地区耦合协调度的降低或提升;曲线波峰越高反映耦合协调度集聚趋势越明显,反之呈离散趋势;右拖尾现象意味着耦合协调度数据高值区较多,反之,数据低值区较多;波峰数量揭示极化程度,单峰曲线表示川渝地区耦合协调度均衡配置,多峰则表明极化特征显著。
全局空间自相关通过莫兰指数衡量川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调度的空间集聚特征,莫兰指数[27]取值为-1~1,当其>0,表示川渝地区区域间耦合协调度呈空间正相关,越接近于1,空间集聚程度越高;当其<0时,表示川渝地区区域间耦合协调度呈空间负相关,越接近-1,空间分散程度越高;当其=0时,反映耦合协调度在川渝地区空间上随机分布,无空间相关性。局部空间自相关反映川渝地区一个空间单元与其邻域的相似程度[28],当局部莫兰指数>0,表示川渝地区区域间耦合协调度存在正空间自相关,即川渝地区空间单元周围出现相似值(高-高或低-低)的空间聚集类型,当局部莫兰指数<0,表示川渝地区区域间耦合协调度存在负空间自相关,即川渝地区各空间单元周围出现非相似值(高-低或低-高)的空间聚集类型。
首先构建普通最小二乘法(OLS)回归模型,采用OLS回归分析拟合川渝地区耦合协调度与各影响因素的关系,并计算各自变量的方差膨胀因子(VIF),以检验多重共线性问题。时空地理加权回归可同时考虑川渝地区耦合协调度的空间和时间非平稳性[29],使回归结果更加有效。用于剖析各影响因素对川渝地区不同区域护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的耦合协调度的影响程度,并揭示各影响因子的时空异质性。
采用Excel 2019软件建立2011—2021年川渝地区22个城市的医疗卫生服务能力与护理人力资源相关指标数据。应用STATE 2.0.2对相关指标数据进行极差标准化处理,并计算两系统的耦合协调度,采用MATLAB统计学软件估算Dagum基尼系数、核密度图,运用ARCGISI10.8统计学软件绘制时空地理加权回归图。
2011—2021年川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的耦合协调度跨越严重失调到轻度失调3个阶段,整体协调水平仍然处于中度失调阶段。但川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的耦合协调度从2011年的0.239上升至2021年的0.273,整体以年均1.29%的速率增长,这一变化趋势揭示了护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力之间的协调程度未能达到理想的协同状态,但两系统耦合协调互动正在逐步强化。进一步分析,耦合协调度增长最快的5个城市是自贡市、乐山市、遂宁市、泸州市、宜宾市,其中自贡市的增幅最大,从2011年的0.236增至2021年0.315,增长了33.47%。耦合协调度下降的城市包括成都市、重庆市、凉山州,其中成都市的下降幅度最大,从2011年的0.360降至2021年的0.269,下降了25.28%。见表3。
川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调度的核密度曲线动态演进特征见图1。从分布位置看,川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调度的核密度曲线的中心轴先远离0端后靠近,表示耦合协调度先升后降,提示区域协同进入结构性调整期。从分布形态看,耦合协调度核密度曲线波峰高度和带宽变化不稳定,波峰高度高于起始高度,曲线宽度有所扩大,表明耦合协调度的集聚趋势明显,区域分化加剧,部分边缘县域与核心城市差距拉大。从极化特征看,耦合协调度核密度曲线均呈现多峰状态,揭示川渝地区耦合协调度存在多个发展极,各极之间的绝对差异较大,区域发展呈现多中心、多层次的特征。从空间延展性看,耦合协调度核密度曲线的右拖尾逐渐缩窄转变为左拖尾逐渐拓宽,表明耦合协调度数值分布由高值区较为集中转变为低值区较为分散,提示核心城市的高耦合协调度趋于稳定,部分县域通过积极承接辐射实现快速发展,而其他低值区则可能面临发展滞后的挑战。
2011—2021年川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调度莫兰指数由-0.282上升至0.299,表明川渝地区各市(州)耦合协调度之间的关系由空间负相关转变为空间正相关,且空间集聚程度增强。具体来看,2011—2017年的莫兰指数均为负值,从-0.282上升至-0.059,表示川渝地区区域间耦合协调度的空间负相关性减弱,即耦合协调度较低的市(州)对周边市(州)产生的负面影响减少,抑制了整体耦合协调度的降低。然而,2018—2021年,莫兰指数转为正值,从0.118上升至0.299,表示川渝地区区域间耦合协调度的空间正相关性增强,耦合协调度较高的市(州)对周边市(州)产生的正向带动效应增大,促进了整体耦合协调度的提升。见表4。
基于局部莫兰指数绘制2011年和2021年川渝地区耦合协调度的局部莫兰散点图(图2)。结果显示,2011年局部莫兰指数共有15个城市处于“高-低”集聚类型和“低-高”集聚类型,2021年有17个城市处于“高-高”集聚类型和“低-低”集聚类型,说明川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的耦合协调度分布由负相关转变为正相关性且存在集聚特征,反映了区域内部资源优化配置和政策驱动的成效,同时也揭示了区域发展不平衡的深层次问题。具体来看,在“高-高”集聚类型方面,2011—2021年该类型城市数量从无增加至11个。空间分布显示,2021年“高-高”集聚类型主要集中于川南和川东北地区。川南地区依托丰富的护理资源、完善的医疗体系和便捷交通,川东北地区凭借均衡的护理资源分布、强大的基层医疗服务能力及生态健康产业融合,成为区域协调发展的重要增长极,展现出显著的空间溢出效应。就“高-低”集聚类型而言,2011—2021年该类型城市数量从5个减少至2个,表明成都、重庆等核心城市通过优化区域资源配置,将部分护理人力资源向周边城市(如德阳市、达州市)疏解,有效缓解了中心城市医疗资源过度集中的局面。在“低-高”集聚类型方面,2011—2021年该类型城市数量从10个大幅下降至3个,这一空间演变特征反映了区域内部护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力匹配关系的动态调整过程。在“低-低”集聚类型方面,2011—2021年该类型城市数量从3个增加至6个,表明地理位置偏远、经济发展相对滞后的地区在护理人力资源配置与医疗卫生服务能力提升方面仍面临较大挑战,区域协调发展水平有待进一步提升。见表5。
川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调度的驱动因素呈现显著的空间异质性,影响因素包括年末常住人口、公路总里程、人均地区生产总值、城镇化率、平均工资、城镇基本医疗保险参保人数。1)年末常住人口对两系统耦合协调度具有正向驱动作用(β值为0.577~1.233)。具体来看,核心城市(达州市和重庆市)显示人口集聚效应显著(β值>1.0),说明高密度人口推动护理人力需求与医疗资源供给的规模匹配。反之,边缘县域(如绵阳市、德阳市和阿坝州等)人口外流导致β值降低(β值为0.500~0.600),“空心化”加剧供需失衡。意味着人口规模是两系统耦合协调的核心,部分地区随着常住人口的增加,两系统耦合协调度也相应提升。2)公路总里程对两系统耦合协调度具有负向抑制作用(β值为-2.549~-0.135)。具体来看,交通枢纽区(如绵阳市、德阳市和广元市等位于川渝中线沿线)的路网过度扩张稀释医疗资源密度,引发“空间稀释效应”。而偏远山区(如凉山州、攀枝花市和甘孜州)通过适度路网建设短期内改善区域医疗可达性,但长期将加剧医疗人力资源外流。提示公路基建需与医疗资源布局协同规划,避免资源错配。3)人均地区生产总值对两系统耦合协调度呈负向抑制作用(β值为-0.517~-0.012),经济增速与耦合协调度呈“倒U型”关系。一方面,高收入区(乐山市、眉山市和成都市等高新区周边)经济优先策略挤占公共卫生投入,耦合协调度受抑;另一方面,低收入县域的经济水平提升对耦合协调度边际改善有限,需依赖外部政策干预。说明经济增长需与健康投资同步,警惕国内生产总值(GDP)导向对公共卫生系统的挤出效应。4)城镇化率对两系统耦合协调度呈正向驱动作用(β值为0.518~0.976),但空间效应分化。具体来看,高城镇化区(成都市、重庆市)城镇化率超70%,健康服务集约化提升耦合协调度;低城镇化区(如川渝交界带)城镇化率低于50%,人口集聚不足抑制协同效率。说明城镇化需与健康服务体系配套升级,避免“半城镇化”陷阱。5)平均工资对两系统耦合协调度呈正向驱动作用(β值为0.529~2.637),但波动性显著。其中高工资区(中心城市)工资水平提升(β值>1.0)吸引优质护理人力,增强医疗服务能力。低工资区(边缘县)工资增长对人力留存作用有限,需叠加职业发展激励。因此,工资是人力配置的关键杠杆,但需与职业环境优化形成政策合力。6)城镇基本医疗保险参保人数对两系统耦合协调度呈正向驱动作用(β值为0.518~0.970),但效应递减。说明随着川渝地区城镇基本医疗保险参保人数的增加,川渝地区两系统耦合协调度也相应提升。高参保区参保率饱和后(如成都市),政策边际效用降低,低参保区扩大参保覆盖面可快速提升基层服务可及性。
2011—2021年川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的耦合协调度从0.239提升至0.273,整体以年均1.29%的增速从“严重失调”向“轻度失调”过渡,但整体仍处于“中度失调”阶段。与以往研究结果[30-32]相似,表明尽管两系统间协调能力有所加强,但仍呈现显著的阶段性波动与非均衡性特征。观察期内耦合协调度稳步增长可能得益于《关于深化医药卫生体制改革的意见》为川渝地区两系统耦合协调度的良好发展奠定了坚实的基础,促进护理人力资源和医疗卫生服务能力的有效整合和优化。其中自贡市、泸州市、乐山市等城市的耦合协调度增幅明显,尤其是自贡市增幅最大,增长了33.47%,揭示了“虹双核吸”和“边缘塌陷”并存的空间矛盾。时序动态结果显示,2011—2016年核密度曲线远离0端、峰值升高,表明政策驱动下川渝地区耦合协调度提升且区域差距缩小;然而,2017—2021年核密度曲线靠近0端、多峰分化,反映川渝地区内部城市资源过度集聚引发的“结构性失衡”,绝对差异虽减小但空间极化加剧。2016年“健康中国2030”战略实施后,基层医疗投入增加,如泸州市、宜宾市等县域医联体建设,推动了次级城市耦合协调度跃升。而成都、重庆主城区因政策资源过度倾斜,导致护理人力资源与医疗设施过度集中,挤占了边缘基层地区发展的空间,形成了“虹吸-塌陷”循环。与此同时,突发公共卫生事件的冲击,导致公共卫生资源向应急服务倾斜,常规护理人力被抽调,阶段性削弱了基层医疗服务能力,加剧耦合协调度波动。
2011—2021年川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调度的全局莫兰指数从-0.282(空间负相关)跃升至0.299(空间正相关),表明区域的全局集聚效应增强,空间关联性发生显著转型,呈现“分散→集聚”跃迁与“核心-边缘”极化的双重特征。尤其是2019-2020年的莫兰指数从0.094上升至0.296,与以往研究结果[33]相似,表明高耦合协调度市(州)对周边地区的正向带动效应日益凸显,促进了区域整体耦合协调度的提升。2011年局部莫兰指数共有15个城市处于“高-低”集聚类型和“低-高”集聚类型,2021年有17个城市处于“高-高”集聚类型和“低-低”集聚类型,表示川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的耦合协调关系由负相关转变为正相关,揭示了高耦合协调度市(州)对周边地区的正向带动效应日益增强,促进了区域整体耦合协调度的提升。然而,资源过度集中也导致部分边缘地区发展滞后,形成了“虹吸-塌陷”循环。其中,2011—2021年“高-高”集聚类型的城市数量从无增加至11个,表明川渝地区形成了多个协调发展的高地,这些地区通过资源优化配置和政策支持,实现了护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的有效匹配,并展现出显著的空间溢出效应。“低-低”集聚类型方面,2011—2021年该类型城市数量从3个增加至6个。表明地理位置偏远、经济发展相对滞后的地区(如攀枝花市、甘孜州、阿坝州等)在护理人力资源配置与医疗卫生服务能力提升方面仍面临较大挑战。尽管成都市通过资源优化和政策支持提升了自身耦合协调度,但其对周边地区的“虹吸效应”也导致部分边缘地区(如雅安市、凉山州)资源流失,形成了“虹吸-塌陷”循环,进一步加剧了区域内部发展的不平衡。
本研究结果显示,年末常住人口、城镇化率、平均工资、城镇基本医疗保险参保人数对川渝地区护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力耦合协调度具有显著正向驱动作用,而公路总里程和人均地区生产总值则呈现负向抑制作用,且这些因素的作用强度存在显著空间异质性。年末常住人口是核心影响因素,尤其在核心城市(如达州市和重庆市)因人口集聚效应显著,其正向驱动作用更强,而边缘县域因人口外流导致耦合协调度降低。公路总里程在交通枢纽区表现为“空间稀释效应”,稀释医疗资源密度,而在偏远山区虽短期改善医疗资源可达性,但长期将加剧护理人力资源外流。人均地区生产总值与耦合协调度呈“倒U型”关系,高收入区因经济优先策略挤占公共卫生投入,低收入区经济提升对耦合协调度的边际改善作用有限。城镇化率在高城镇化区(成都、重庆主城)对耦合协调度的提升作用更强,而低城镇化区因人口集聚不足抑制协同效率[34]。平均工资在高工资区对耦合协调度的提升作用显著,但低工资区工资增长对人力留存作用有限[35]。城镇基本医疗保险参保人数在高参保区政策边际效用较低,而在低参保区扩大参保覆盖面可快速提升基层服务可及性。总体而言,川渝地区两系统耦合协调度取得了一定进展,人口规模、城镇化率、经济激励和社会保障对耦合协调度的提升发挥了积极作用。然而,区域发展不平衡导致路网建设与医疗资源布局脱节、经济优先策略对公共卫生系统的挤出效应以及低工资区人力留存困难等问题,对耦合协调度产生了负面影响。
川渝地区以国家战略、社会需求为导向,立足当前资源定位和医疗发展规律,在成都、重庆主城区与次级城市之间建立资源均衡分配机制,鼓励优质资源向边缘地区流动,支持县域医联体建设,提升基层医疗服务能力。推动川渝地区城市间的协同合作,建立资源共享机制。例如,通过跨区域医联体、护理人员交流计划等,促进资源在区域内的合理流动。针对不同类型医疗机构和护理服务,制定差异化的发展策略,并为不同层次和专业的护理人员提供定制化的培训和发展路径。发展和构建包括三级医院、社区医疗中心和家庭医生服务在内的多级医疗服务网络,推动医疗服务与其他健康相关领域的整合。在“健康中国2030”战略基础上,通过政策激励,建立医疗护理创新成果的转化平台,促进研究成果的临床应用,鼓励医疗机构和企业参与医疗护理产品的研发,推动其护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的协同发展。加大对基层医疗机构的投入,特别是在突发公共卫生事件中,确保基层医疗服务的稳定性。通过培训和激励机制,提升基层护理人员的专业能力,增强区域健康服务系统的韧性。制定川渝地区突发公共卫生事件应急预案,确保在应急状态下护理人力资源的合理调配,避免常规医疗服务能力被过度削弱。通过完善应急机制,可以有效应对突发事件的冲击,保障区域健康服务的连续性。
充分发挥成都市、重庆市在医疗卫生资源配置中的先导作用,强化“高-高”集聚类型城市的协同辐射带动作用,推动其与周边地区的协同发展。打破重庆市与四川省之间的资源与沟通壁垒,发展重庆市与邻近市(州)之间的基础医疗卫生设施互联互通以及公共服务资源共享,助推川渝地区医疗资源要素自由流动,促进优质护理人力资源和医疗设施向边缘地区流动,缓解“虹吸-塌陷”效应。针对攀枝花市、甘孜州、阿坝州等“低-低”集聚类型地区,发挥自身优势、错位发展,优化整合区域医护资源,加大财政投入和政策支持力度。通过县域医联体建设和基层医疗机构能力提升计划,增强这些地区的医疗服务能力,缩小与高耦合协调度地区的差距。根据乡村形态变化和人口迁徙流动情况,提升乡村医疗卫生机构单体规模和服务辐射能力,从注重机构全覆盖转向更加注重人力资源的全覆盖。对于临近乡镇卫生院、人口较少等不适宜单设卫生室的行政村,可以通过乡镇卫生院定期巡诊、派驻以及邻(联)村延伸服务等方式,保障基本医疗卫生服务供给。利用数字经济时代的优势,推动远程医疗、智能健康管理平台等技术在边缘地区的应用,提升健康资源的可及性。通过技术赋能,优化健康服务配套,吸引高质量劳动者,促进区域人力资本积累。
川渝地区应通过优化人口分布、资源配置和政策协调,提升护理人力资源与医疗卫生服务能力的耦合协调度。核心城市(如达州市、重庆市)应继续发挥人口集聚效应,优化医疗资源配置,增加高端医疗服务供给,增强对周边地区的辐射作用。边缘城市需针对人口外流问题,实施人才回流政策,如提供就业补贴、住房优惠和职业发展支持,吸引护理和医疗专业人员回流,提升当地服务能力。同时,优化医疗机构空间分布,确保交通枢纽区的医疗资源集中度与服务需求相匹配,并在改善交通可达性的同时加强医疗资源投入。通过推广远程医疗、设立流动医疗站和加强基层医疗机构建设,弥补资源不足,提升服务可及性。高收入区应增加公共卫生预算比例,设立专项基金,优化财政支出结构;低收入区则需通过财政转移支付、政策扶持和资源倾斜,缩小区域间差距。高城镇化区应优化城市功能布局,增强医疗资源集聚效应;低城镇化区需通过政策引导和基础设施建设,促进人口集聚,提升资源利用效率。此外,应通过合理的薪酬体系和职业发展通道,吸引和留住高素质医疗人才,低工资区需提高工资水平和改善工作条件,增强人力留存能力。高参保区应优化医保资金分配机制,提升资金使用效率;低参保区需加大医保政策宣传力度,通过政策激励和财政补贴扩大参保覆盖面,提升基层服务可及性。最后,加强川渝地区政策协调,建立区域合作机制,促进医疗资源合理流动和共享,推动区域医疗卫生服务能力的整体提升。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.08.009
  • 接收时间:2025-04-17
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-17
  • 修回日期:2026-03-23
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    1石河子大学医学院,新疆 832003
    2新疆师范大学教育科学学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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