Article(id=1322168363527291285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168329855418548, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.017, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746460800000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-06, revisedDate=1768320000000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159102565, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159102565, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159102565, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159102565, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168329855418548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='7', pageStart='1057', pageEnd='1240', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159094536, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159094536, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1185, endPage=1191, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168363812503958, articleId=1322168363527291285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=User personas for self-management among young hypertensive patients, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze the typology and characteristics of self-management behaviors among young hypertensive patients and provide evidence for developing and carrying out targeted precision nursing interventions.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative research design was employed.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 young hypertensive patients selected through purposive sampling.Content analysis was applied to systematically analyze the interview data,extract and categorize self-management labels,and construct user personas.

Results

Four distinct user personas of self-management among young hypertensive patients were identified:procrastinating type with knowledge-action gap,proactive adaptive type,medication-dependent simplified type,and externally constrained type.These personas demonstrated significant differences across multiple dimensions,including disease cognition and knowledge acquisition,self-management practice(medication adherence,dietary control,physical activity),psychological state and behavioral motivation,social network support,and environmental influences.

Conclusions

Self-management patterns among young hypertensive patients exhibit considerable diversity.Healthcare professionals should comprehensively assess patients' self-management characteristics,facilitators,and barriers based on these user personas.Individualized precision nursing interventions with persona-matched support strategies and resources should be designed and implemented to enhance self-management efficacy,health behavior adherence,and blood pressure control in this population.

, authors=Jian KE, Jie XIONG, Min JIANG, Qi XIAO, Dengxiu ZOU, authorsList=Jian KE, Jie XIONG, Min JIANG, Qi XIAO, Dengxiu ZOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jie XIONG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
XIONG Jie, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168365494419872, articleId=1322168363527291285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=青年高血压病人自我管理的用户画像, columnId=1220689488938980091, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析青年高血压病人自我管理的类型与特征,为开发和实施针对性的精准护理干预提供依据。

方法

采用描述性质性研究方法,通过目的抽样法选取18例青年高血压病人进行半结构式访谈。运用内容分析法对访谈资料进行系统分析,提炼并归纳青年高血压病人自我管理的标签体系,并据此构建用户画像。

结果

构建了4种青年高血压病人自我管理的用户画像类型,分别为知行脱节的拖延型、积极适应的主动型、依赖药物的简化型以及外部制约的受限型。不同类型的用户画像在疾病认知与知识获取、自我管理实践(药物、饮食、运动等)、心理状态与行为动机、社会网络支持及外部环境影响维度上呈现出显著的差异化特征。

结论

青年高血压病人的自我管理模式具有明显的多样性。医护人员应基于用户画像,综合评估病人的自我管理特征、优势及障碍因素,设计并实施个体化、精准化的护理干预措施,提供与其类型相匹配的支持策略与资源,以期有效提升青年高血压病人的自我管理效能、健康行为依从性及血压控制水平。

, authors=柯键, 熊杰*, *, 江敏, 肖琦, 邹灯秀, authorsList=柯键, 熊杰, 江敏, 肖琦, 邹灯秀, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=熊杰, authorNote=

柯键,主管护师,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
熊杰,E-mail:
XIONG Jie, E-mail:
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Reference(id=1322530437201769035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=81, issue=11, pageStart=2218, pageEnd=2227, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=29, rfOrder=28, authorNames=HARDY S T, FONTIL V, DILLON G H, journalName=Hypertension, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HARDY S T,FONTIL V,DILLON G H,et al.Achieving equity in hypertension:a review of current efforts by the American Heart Association[J].Hypertension,2024,81(11):2218-2227., articleTitle=Achieving equity in hypertension:a review of current efforts by the American Heart Association, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530437273072204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=29, issue=3, pageStart=238, pageEnd=246, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=30, rfOrder=29, authorNames=单文萍, 王馨, 胡真, journalName=中国心血管杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=单文萍,王馨,胡真,等.高血压综合干预对职业场所高血压患者生活质量的改善效果评价[J].中国心血管杂志,2024,29(3):238-246., articleTitle=高血压综合干预对职业场所高血压患者生活质量的改善效果评价, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322530427743613435, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530427752002044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, companyId=1322530427743613435, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430000 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530427760390653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, companyId=1322530427743613435, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院,湖北 430000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322530431497515555, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Visual image of procrastinating type with knowledge-action gap, figureFileSmall=0yqZXMKqYkTFta6ZXKoYOg==, figureFileBig=m71AG3Taz+uWT0E/2zOD2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530431556235812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, language=CN, label=图1, caption=知行脱节的拖延型可视化图像, figureFileSmall=0yqZXMKqYkTFta6ZXKoYOg==, figureFileBig=m71AG3Taz+uWT0E/2zOD2Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530431635927589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, language=EN, label=Figure 2, caption=Visual image of proactive adaptive type, figureFileSmall=vBBgOHCaifioPXnkT/TyVQ==, figureFileBig=TDr+XCGHikbJ4ikXVhjv6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530431690453542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, language=CN, label=图2, caption=积极适应的主动型可视化图像, figureFileSmall=vBBgOHCaifioPXnkT/TyVQ==, figureFileBig=TDr+XCGHikbJ4ikXVhjv6g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530431778533927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, language=EN, label=Figure 3, caption=Visual image of medication-dependent simplified type, figureFileSmall=JMlhXIhuf5Ln0GXmNguw9g==, figureFileBig=Wpe4NMRRmNLXQrpJQ/QSxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530431879197224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, language=CN, label=图3, caption=依赖药物的简化型可视化图像, figureFileSmall=JMlhXIhuf5Ln0GXmNguw9g==, figureFileBig=Wpe4NMRRmNLXQrpJQ/QSxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530431967277609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, language=EN, label=Figure 4, caption=Visual image of externally constrained type, figureFileSmall=cofA4LIWz7kHcedzlw8GKQ==, figureFileBig=SuxzQ1RNkmflcrclkUDrlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530432109883946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, language=CN, label=图4, caption=外部制约的受限型可视化图像, figureFileSmall=cofA4LIWz7kHcedzlw8GKQ==, figureFileBig=SuxzQ1RNkmflcrclkUDrlA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530432176992811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

General information of young hypertension patients(n=18)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号年龄(岁)性别婚姻状况文化程度职业家庭人均月收入(元)病程(年)是否服用降压药是否有心脑血管疾病家族史有无合并症
A135男已婚本科销售5 000~10 0001.0否是无
A220男未婚本科学生5 000~10 0001.0是否无
A344女已婚初中服务业<5 0004.0是是无
A438女已婚本科公司职员5 000~10 0003.0是是无
A535男已婚本科销售>10 000~15 0005.0是是无
A640男已婚中专服务业<5 0000.5否是无
A737男已婚硕士研究生工程师>15 0003.0是是无
A835男已婚本科个体户>15 0001.0否是无
A918男未婚高中学生<5 0000.5否否无
A1044男已婚高中司机5 000~10 0003.0是是无
A1118男未婚高中学生<5 0001.0是否无
A1228男未婚博士研究生在读学生5 000~10 0001.0是是无
A1342女未婚硕士研究生教师5 000~10 0001.5是是有
A1436男已婚硕士研究生销售>15 0002.0否是无
A1540男已婚高中司机5 000~10 0003.0是是无
A1643女已婚硕士研究生护士>15 0004.0是是无
A1731男未婚本科销售5 000~10 0001.0否是无
A1843女已婚本科护士>15 0003.0否是无
), ArticleFig(id=1322530432290239020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

青年高血压病人的一般资料(n=18)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号年龄(岁)性别婚姻状况文化程度职业家庭人均月收入(元)病程(年)是否服用降压药是否有心脑血管疾病家族史有无合并症
A135男已婚本科销售5 000~10 0001.0否是无
A220男未婚本科学生5 000~10 0001.0是否无
A344女已婚初中服务业<5 0004.0是是无
A438女已婚本科公司职员5 000~10 0003.0是是无
A535男已婚本科销售>10 000~15 0005.0是是无
A640男已婚中专服务业<5 0000.5否是无
A737男已婚硕士研究生工程师>15 0003.0是是无
A835男已婚本科个体户>15 0001.0否是无
A918男未婚高中学生<5 0000.5否否无
A1044男已婚高中司机5 000~10 0003.0是是无
A1118男未婚高中学生<5 0001.0是否无
A1228男未婚博士研究生在读学生5 000~10 0001.0是是无
A1342女未婚硕士研究生教师5 000~10 0001.5是是有
A1436男已婚硕士研究生销售>15 0002.0否是无
A1540男已婚高中司机5 000~10 0003.0是是无
A1643女已婚硕士研究生护士>15 0004.0是是无
A1731男未婚本科销售5 000~10 0001.0否是无
A1843女已婚本科护士>15 0003.0否是无
), ArticleFig(id=1322530432411873837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

User profile characteristics of self management in young hypertensive patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目知行脱节的拖延型积极适应的主动型依赖药物的简化型外部制约的受限型
病人A1、A4、A8、A14、A17、A18A2、A11、A12、A13A3、A5、A7、A10、A16A6、A9、A15
性别男4例,女2例男3例,女1例男3例,女2例男3例
年龄35~43岁18~42岁35~44岁18~40岁
婚姻状况已婚5例,未婚1例均未婚均已婚未婚1例,已婚2例
文化程度本科5例,硕士研究生1例高中1例,本科1例,硕士研究生1例,博士研究生在读1例初中1例、高中1例,本科1例,硕士研究生2例中专1例,高中2例
职业销售3人,公司职员1人,个体户1人,护士1例学生3例,教师1例服务业、销售、工程师、司机、护士均1例服务业、学生、司机均1例
家庭人均月收入5 000~10 000元3例,>15 000元3例<5 000元1例,5 000~10 000元3例<5 000元1例,5 000~10 000元1例,>10 000~15 000元1例,>15 000元2例<5 000元2例,5 000~10 000元1例
高血压病程1.0~3.0年1.0~1.5年3.0~5.0年0.5~3.0年
服用降压药服药1例,未服药5例均服药均服药服药1例,未服药2例
家族史均有无2例,有2例均有无1例,有2例
合并症均无无3例,有1例均无均无
疾病认知与知识获取1)掌握高血压基础知识
2)缺乏系统学习,知识获取碎片化
3)存在部分误区或片面理解
1)掌握高血压基础知识
2)主动多渠道获取健康信息
3)家庭疾病经验影响认知
4)自我健康信息解读和判断能力强
5)关注健康知识宣传及科普深度
1)掌握高血压基础知识
2)遗传归因主导
3)坚信药物主导控制
4)缺乏系统学习,知识获取碎片化
5)对并发症警觉度高
1)掌握高血压基础知识
2)缺乏系统学习,知识获取碎片化
3)数字健康素养较低
4)存在部分误区或理解片面
自我管理实践1)健康管理不规律
2)药物依从性较差
3)饮食管理随意或被动
4)运动执行力弱
5)生活方式调整多停留在计划阶段
1)服药依从性高
2)血压监测规律
3)按需调整作息和适度锻炼
4)饮食清淡,控制盐油和体重
5)自我激励驱动健康习惯养成
1)服药依从性高
2)生活方式改变短期性、难以长期坚持
3)饮食管理随意或被动
4)运动执行率低
5)血压监测不规律
1)健康管理不规律
2)饮食管理随意或被动
3)运动执行率低
4)药物依从性较差
外部环境影响1)长时间和高压力压缩健康管理空间
2)职场社交和高频应酬影响健康饮食
3)家庭饮食与生活习惯制约
1)医疗便利性高
2)家庭及居住环境有助于健康管理
3)学习/工作环境支持健康管理与需求
4)自由且简单的生活和社交圈减少干扰
1)长时间和高压力压缩健康管理空间
2)职场社交和高频应酬影响健康饮食
3)家庭饮食与生活习惯制约
1)长时间和高压力压缩健康生活空间
2)家庭饮食与生活习惯制约
3)外出用餐选择少
4)缺乏职场及社区健康管理支持措施
社会网络支持1)家人关注与提醒
2)同伴负面影响大于正向互助
1)家人关注与提醒
2)同辈和朋友的理解、迁就与鼓励
3)社交群体健康话题交流促进管理
1)家人关注与提醒
2)社交群体健康话题交流促进管理
1)家人关注与提醒
2)缺乏与同龄人、朋友的健康行为互动或协作
医疗资源利用1)主动就医和随访意识弱
2)对医疗建议依从性低
3)有自行调整治疗现象
1)善用医院与社区医疗资源
2)对家庭及便携式健康监测设备接受度高
3)依托医保保障及经济支持
4)定期体检、复查落实到位
1)医院、药店购药便捷
2)偏好西医治疗方式
3)多数仅使用电子血压计等简单设备
1)多数仅使用电子血压计等简单设备
2)主动就医、健康咨询行为不足
3)希望获得便捷/适合的自我管理工具
心理状态与行为动机1)偏向过度乐观,低估疾病风险
2)拖延与惰性明显,知行脱节
3)工作、生活优先于健康管理
4)对药物副作用和疾病标签存在抗拒心理
5)管理动力不足,行动易受情绪波动影响
1)积极正视疾病,信念坚定
2)注重情绪管理与自我调节
3)家庭责任感与健康优先理念
4)针对慢性病管理有明确目标
5)关注个人成长与健康实现
1)对药物依赖性强,治疗简便性诉求高
2)对健康风险有一定担忧
3)行动力弱于意愿
4)自我管理效能低
1)家庭责任主导健康动机
2)倾向将健康重要性推迟,易受现实压力妥协
3)焦虑与侥幸心态并存
4)自我管理效能低
), ArticleFig(id=1322530432525120046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168363527291285, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

青年高血压病人自我管理的用户画像特征

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目知行脱节的拖延型积极适应的主动型依赖药物的简化型外部制约的受限型
病人A1、A4、A8、A14、A17、A18A2、A11、A12、A13A3、A5、A7、A10、A16A6、A9、A15
性别男4例,女2例男3例,女1例男3例,女2例男3例
年龄35~43岁18~42岁35~44岁18~40岁
婚姻状况已婚5例,未婚1例均未婚均已婚未婚1例,已婚2例
文化程度本科5例,硕士研究生1例高中1例,本科1例,硕士研究生1例,博士研究生在读1例初中1例、高中1例,本科1例,硕士研究生2例中专1例,高中2例
职业销售3人,公司职员1人,个体户1人,护士1例学生3例,教师1例服务业、销售、工程师、司机、护士均1例服务业、学生、司机均1例
家庭人均月收入5 000~10 000元3例,>15 000元3例<5 000元1例,5 000~10 000元3例<5 000元1例,5 000~10 000元1例,>10 000~15 000元1例,>15 000元2例<5 000元2例,5 000~10 000元1例
高血压病程1.0~3.0年1.0~1.5年3.0~5.0年0.5~3.0年
服用降压药服药1例,未服药5例均服药均服药服药1例,未服药2例
家族史均有无2例,有2例均有无1例,有2例
合并症均无无3例,有1例均无均无
疾病认知与知识获取1)掌握高血压基础知识
2)缺乏系统学习,知识获取碎片化
3)存在部分误区或片面理解
1)掌握高血压基础知识
2)主动多渠道获取健康信息
3)家庭疾病经验影响认知
4)自我健康信息解读和判断能力强
5)关注健康知识宣传及科普深度
1)掌握高血压基础知识
2)遗传归因主导
3)坚信药物主导控制
4)缺乏系统学习,知识获取碎片化
5)对并发症警觉度高
1)掌握高血压基础知识
2)缺乏系统学习,知识获取碎片化
3)数字健康素养较低
4)存在部分误区或理解片面
自我管理实践1)健康管理不规律
2)药物依从性较差
3)饮食管理随意或被动
4)运动执行力弱
5)生活方式调整多停留在计划阶段
1)服药依从性高
2)血压监测规律
3)按需调整作息和适度锻炼
4)饮食清淡,控制盐油和体重
5)自我激励驱动健康习惯养成
1)服药依从性高
2)生活方式改变短期性、难以长期坚持
3)饮食管理随意或被动
4)运动执行率低
5)血压监测不规律
1)健康管理不规律
2)饮食管理随意或被动
3)运动执行率低
4)药物依从性较差
外部环境影响1)长时间和高压力压缩健康管理空间
2)职场社交和高频应酬影响健康饮食
3)家庭饮食与生活习惯制约
1)医疗便利性高
2)家庭及居住环境有助于健康管理
3)学习/工作环境支持健康管理与需求
4)自由且简单的生活和社交圈减少干扰
1)长时间和高压力压缩健康管理空间
2)职场社交和高频应酬影响健康饮食
3)家庭饮食与生活习惯制约
1)长时间和高压力压缩健康生活空间
2)家庭饮食与生活习惯制约
3)外出用餐选择少
4)缺乏职场及社区健康管理支持措施
社会网络支持1)家人关注与提醒
2)同伴负面影响大于正向互助
1)家人关注与提醒
2)同辈和朋友的理解、迁就与鼓励
3)社交群体健康话题交流促进管理
1)家人关注与提醒
2)社交群体健康话题交流促进管理
1)家人关注与提醒
2)缺乏与同龄人、朋友的健康行为互动或协作
医疗资源利用1)主动就医和随访意识弱
2)对医疗建议依从性低
3)有自行调整治疗现象
1)善用医院与社区医疗资源
2)对家庭及便携式健康监测设备接受度高
3)依托医保保障及经济支持
4)定期体检、复查落实到位
1)医院、药店购药便捷
2)偏好西医治疗方式
3)多数仅使用电子血压计等简单设备
1)多数仅使用电子血压计等简单设备
2)主动就医、健康咨询行为不足
3)希望获得便捷/适合的自我管理工具
心理状态与行为动机1)偏向过度乐观,低估疾病风险
2)拖延与惰性明显,知行脱节
3)工作、生活优先于健康管理
4)对药物副作用和疾病标签存在抗拒心理
5)管理动力不足,行动易受情绪波动影响
1)积极正视疾病,信念坚定
2)注重情绪管理与自我调节
3)家庭责任感与健康优先理念
4)针对慢性病管理有明确目标
5)关注个人成长与健康实现
1)对药物依赖性强,治疗简便性诉求高
2)对健康风险有一定担忧
3)行动力弱于意愿
4)自我管理效能低
1)家庭责任主导健康动机
2)倾向将健康重要性推迟,易受现实压力妥协
3)焦虑与侥幸心态并存
4)自我管理效能低
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柯键 , 熊杰 *, * , 江敏 , 肖琦 , 邹灯秀
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(7): 1185-1191
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护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (7) : 1185 -1191
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柯键, 熊杰*, * , 江敏, 肖琦, 邹灯秀
作者信息
  • 1华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院,湖北 430000
通讯作者:
熊杰,E-mail:
XIONG Jie, E-mail:
作者简介:

柯键,主管护师,硕士研究生

User personas for self-management among young hypertensive patients
Jian KE, Jie XIONG , Min JIANG, Qi XIAO, Dengxiu ZOU
Affiliations
  • 1Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei 430000 China
  • Corresponding Author:
    XIONG Jie, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.017
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目的

分析青年高血压病人自我管理的类型与特征,为开发和实施针对性的精准护理干预提供依据。

方法

采用描述性质性研究方法,通过目的抽样法选取18例青年高血压病人进行半结构式访谈。运用内容分析法对访谈资料进行系统分析,提炼并归纳青年高血压病人自我管理的标签体系,并据此构建用户画像。

结果

构建了4种青年高血压病人自我管理的用户画像类型,分别为知行脱节的拖延型、积极适应的主动型、依赖药物的简化型以及外部制约的受限型。不同类型的用户画像在疾病认知与知识获取、自我管理实践(药物、饮食、运动等)、心理状态与行为动机、社会网络支持及外部环境影响维度上呈现出显著的差异化特征。

结论

青年高血压病人的自我管理模式具有明显的多样性。医护人员应基于用户画像,综合评估病人的自我管理特征、优势及障碍因素,设计并实施个体化、精准化的护理干预措施,提供与其类型相匹配的支持策略与资源,以期有效提升青年高血压病人的自我管理效能、健康行为依从性及血压控制水平。

青年  /  高血压  /  自我管理  /  用户画像  /  质性研究  /  精准护理
Objective

To analyze the typology and characteristics of self-management behaviors among young hypertensive patients and provide evidence for developing and carrying out targeted precision nursing interventions.

Methods

A descriptive qualitative research design was employed.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 young hypertensive patients selected through purposive sampling.Content analysis was applied to systematically analyze the interview data,extract and categorize self-management labels,and construct user personas.

Results

Four distinct user personas of self-management among young hypertensive patients were identified:procrastinating type with knowledge-action gap,proactive adaptive type,medication-dependent simplified type,and externally constrained type.These personas demonstrated significant differences across multiple dimensions,including disease cognition and knowledge acquisition,self-management practice(medication adherence,dietary control,physical activity),psychological state and behavioral motivation,social network support,and environmental influences.

Conclusions

Self-management patterns among young hypertensive patients exhibit considerable diversity.Healthcare professionals should comprehensively assess patients' self-management characteristics,facilitators,and barriers based on these user personas.Individualized precision nursing interventions with persona-matched support strategies and resources should be designed and implemented to enhance self-management efficacy,health behavior adherence,and blood pressure control in this population.

youth  /  hypertension  /  self-management  /  user personas  /  qualitative research  /  precision nursing
柯键, 熊杰, 江敏, 肖琦, 邹灯秀. 青年高血压病人自我管理的用户画像. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1185 -1191 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.017
Jian KE, Jie XIONG, Min JIANG, Qi XIAO, Dengxiu ZOU. User personas for self-management among young hypertensive patients[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1185 -1191 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.017
高血压年轻化趋势正日益成为重要的公共健康问题。我国18~44岁青年人群中高血压患病率已超过13%[1],但知晓率、治疗率和控制率仅分别为11.2%、8.9%和3.7%[2]。未控制的高血压显著增加心脑血管疾病早发及过早死亡风险[3]。单靠药物治疗不足以有效控制血压,需病人主动参与自我管理,通过监测血压,优化饮食、运动等生活方式,提高药物依从性,实现血压长期稳定[4]。然而,青年群体的多样化需求及生活环境使其自我管理易受生理、心理和社会因素影响,研究其管理特点及规律尤为重要[5]。现有研究多针对老年或住院病人,不足以反映青年病人的特殊性,往往忽视其在心理特点、社会角色及个性化需求上的差异,导致管理效果不佳。研究显示,中青年高血压病人中仅16.13%病人的健康行为处于高水平[6]。用户画像是一种通过整合信息建模的方法,逐步应用于健康管理领域[7-8],其构建包括数据收集、标签提取、特征分析和画像表达,能够揭示目标群体的行为模式和需求差异[7]。因此,本研究旨在通过描述性质性研究方法,提取青年高血压病人自我管理特征,并构建用户画像,挖掘青年群体差异化需求,制定针对性健康管理策略,为青年病人提供精准管理支持,并为健康管理领域提供创新实践依据。
采用目的抽样法,遵循最大差异化原则,从2024年10月—2025年3月选取来自门诊、体检中心以及社区的青年高血压病人为研究对象。纳入标准:1)研究对象符合我国高血压诊断标准[9];2)年龄为18~44岁的青年人群[10];3)确诊高血压≥6个月;4)认知功能正常;5)知情同意。排除标准:1)病情危重或合并其他严重的躯体疾病;2)无法使用普通话进行有效沟通。样本量以访谈内容达到饱和为准。本研究已通过华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院医学伦理委员会审查(编号:TJ-IRB202403017)。
基于知信行理论模型,经文献回顾、专家咨询(心血管内科专科护士1人、心血管医师1人、公共卫生教授1人)和课题组成员讨论后,拟定访谈提纲。选取符合纳入标准的2例青年高血压病人进行预访谈后形成最终的访谈提纲:1)您是如何发现自己患有高血压的?对您的生活、工作等有哪些影响?2)您对高血压了解的程度如何?您如何学习/获取高血压相关知识?在理解和运用这些知识时有什么困难?3)您平时是如何管理高血压的(如用药、饮食、运动、血压监测等)?在高血压管理中遇到了哪些困难和挑战?4)您的工作和社交生活如何影响您的高血压管理?5)您在管理高血压的过程中得到了哪些人的支持?哪些人对您管理高血压影响比较大?为什么?6)您认为控制高血压对您来说重要吗?为什么?7)为了更好地控制高血压,您觉得自己需要提升哪些能力?希望获得什么样的外部支持?如何增强自己持续管理的动力?
采用描述性质性研究方法,对访谈对象进行半结构化的一对一深入访谈。访谈人员已接受系统的质性研究方法培训。访谈地点挑选光线充足、温度适宜且无外界干扰的独立房间。访谈开始前,访谈人员向受访对象详细介绍研究的目的、方法和重要性,强调研究过程中严格遵守保密原则。在获得受访对象的充分信任和同意后,签署知情同意书,并对访谈过程进行全程录音。访谈过程中,遵循预先设计的提纲,聚焦研究核心问题,同时根据受访对象的情绪和反应,灵活调整访谈节奏和问题顺序,营造轻松、开放的氛围,鼓励受访对象自由表达真实感受和体验。在整个访谈中,访谈人员避免提出诱导性问题,保持中立态度,并细致观察受访对象的面部表情、语气变化和肢体语言,以捕捉非言语信息。
采用内容分析法分析访谈资料。负责访谈的研究者在访谈结束当天将访谈录音转录为文字材料并导入Nvivo 12.0软件。由2名研究者仔细阅读访谈资料,分别独立提炼出与青年高血压病人自我管理相关的语句并赋予相应的标签;对材料有疑问之处,及时联系受访者进行求证;2名研究者在标签提炼的过程中如有争议之处,则邀请第3名研究者共同讨论后决定结果;在完成所有画像标签的汇总后,经研究小组共同讨论归纳出用户画像的标签维度,以此形成青年高血压病人自我管理用户画像的标签体系。
基于用户画像标签体系,研究者整理出每例研究对象在各个维度下的标签集。将标签集具有相似特征的研究对象进行归类,生成多种自我管理类型的用户画像。
为直观呈现各画像间的差异化特征,将不同类型标签集进行汇总,使用WordArt软件绘制词云图,对青年高血压病人自我管理的用户画像特征进行可视化表达,其中标签出现的频率越高,词云的字体越大。
共纳入18例青年高血压病人(编号A1~A18),其中男13例,女5例;年龄18~44(34.00±8.91)岁。每例病人访谈时间为28~35 min,共转录8万余字。青年高血压病人的一般资料见表1。
根据访谈结果,共提炼出69条标签,将青年高血压病人自我管理的用户画像标签归纳为疾病认知与知识获取(12条)、自我管理实践(15条)、外部环境影响(8条)、社会网络支持(5条)、医疗资源利用(12条)、心理状态与行为动机(17条)6个维度。
针对群体的标签特征,将青年高血压自我管理的用户画像分为知行脱节的拖延型、积极适应的主动型、依赖药物的简化型和外部制约的受限型4类。结合研究对象人口学特征和WordArt绘制的词云图,对每个类型用户画像标签进行可视化展示和维度特征描述,详见表2、图1~图4。
本研究依据疾病认知与知识获取、自我管理实践、外部环境影响、社会网络支持、医疗资源利用及心理状态与行为动机6个维度,共提炼69条编码标签,并据此构建知行脱节的拖延型、积极适应的主动型、依赖药物的简化型、外部制约的受限型4种自我管理的用户画像。不同画像在各标签维度均表现出明显的异质性,具体体现在行为动机、管理策略及资源利用等方面。研究结果表明,青年高血压病人自我管理的主要挑战,不仅仅是高血压知晓率和依从性的不足,更受多重社会角色冲突、结构性环境约束和主观能动性的影响。用户画像方法有助于系统揭示青年群体自我管理行为的复杂性与个体差异,为制定分层化、精准化的健康管理干预策略提供了科学依据和实践参考。
本研究识别出的知行脱节的拖延型病人,在青年高血压群体中最具典型性。该类型病人的核心特征表现为:具备一定的高血压知识基础,但在实际行动中呈现明显的滞后性,健康管理实践不规律、依从性差,尤其在饮食和运动方面执行力薄弱,生活方式的调整往往停留在计划层面。这种“知”与“行”的分离状态,受外部环境(如工作压力、社交应酬)和内部心理因素(如低估风险、惰性、将工作和生活置于健康之上)的双重影响[5]。人口学特征分析显示,此类病人集中于35~43岁、已婚、从事销售和企业工作等,普遍存在家族史,这可能加剧了其遗传归因认知和对早期干预的低动力。值得注意的是,其主要障碍并非知识或资源的缺乏,而是主观上将知识转化为持续性健康行为的意愿不足,可能的原因是病人偏向过度乐观,对疾病及其后果的风险感知不足,而风险感知与高血压病人主动健康行为已被证明存在显著正相关关系[11-12]。因此,护理干预策略应聚焦提高风险感知、激发主观能动性、弥合知行差距。当前相关研究已开始探索采用心血管风险管理工具促进病人行为改善。Li等[13]通过开发一种可以为病人提供最新的颈动脉斑块超声图像并跟踪他们生活方式习惯的APP,采用互动、游戏化的方式让病人设定每日目标并达成目标,最终有效降低了病人的收缩压,并改善了病人的药物依从性和生活质量。此外,还应结合个体特征和风险沟通偏好,设计并应用合适的风险沟通策略,尽可能准确地传达风险信息,增进高血压病人对脑血管疾病风险的理解,从而做出适当的健康决策[14]。
本研究发现,积极适应的主动型是青年高血压病人的另一主要亚群。该类型病人以青年未婚群体为主,多为学生或知识型职业者,其在疾病认知、信息获取和自我管理能力方面表现突出,与Gee等[15]研究结果一致。具体而言,他们通常具备较高的健康素养和学习主动性,能够积极利用多元渠道(如专业网站、学术文献)系统获取并辨别健康信息,而非碎片化理解。在自我管理实践上,他们展现出较强的自律性,药物依从性普遍较高,并能自觉维持相对健康的饮食习惯和规律运动。同时,该群体医疗资源利用效率高,不仅主动就医、定期随访,也善于利用在线医疗资源获取专业咨询。心理状态与行为动机方面,他们往往具有较强的内在驱动力和健康目标感,视健康管理为个人成长的一部分。相关研究指出,较高的教育程度、良好的数字素养以及稳固的社会支持网络是促进形成此类积极适应模式的重要因素[16-17]。值得注意的是,受访者仍期望获取更具针对性的科普与专业指导,尤其在药物优化、运动处方和压力管理等细分领域。基于此,护理人员应:1)提供分层次、循证化的健康教育内容,满足其进阶学习需求;2)建设在线互动平台,推送个性化监测反馈并开设专家直播答疑[18];3)组织同伴导师制或兴趣小组,强化经验分享与长期互助[19-20];4)鼓励使用可穿戴设备与APP记录数据,基于病人生成的健康数据与电子健康记录相结合的个性化高血压管理,从而进一步提升其自我管理效果与持续性[21]。
依赖药物的简化型病人,其显著特征在于将高血压管理行为简化为单一的按时服药,而对饮食、运动等非药物干预措施关注度较低。该群体多为病程较长、已婚且年龄相对偏大的病人,尽管他们对高血压并发症风险具有一定的认知,但其行为模式源于对药物疗效的高度信任,并将服药视为一种省时、省力的便捷管理策略,尤其在面临职业或家庭多重角色压力时更为凸显。这种简化管理模式虽在一定程度上反映了药物治疗的可及性,但也潜藏着风险,有研究者指出,与不依从药物治疗的病人相比,坚持服药的病人生活方式的改变依从性是其2.13倍[22]。研究表明,仅靠药物不足以完全预防并发症,还需要改善生活方式[23]。针对此类病人的护理干预应当充分尊重其时间紧张的现实情况和已建立的用药习惯,在此基础上逐步扩展其管理维度。首先,可围绕其对并发症的警觉心理,提供靶器官损害评估与可视化反馈,强化“单纯服药不足以完全预防并发症”的认知;其次,针对其省时省力的核心诉求,可以借鉴“零时间运动”方案,通过设计无需额外时间投入的碎片化运动(如刷牙时单腿站立、久坐时拉伸等),帮助病人在日常生活场景中改善健康[24]。再次,应用数字健康工具利用其已有的用药习惯作为行为锚点,如借助智能药盒同步提醒血压监测,服药后散步等,采用与服药习惯捆绑式建议促进病人形成新习惯[25];除此之外,此类病人的家庭社会支持较好,但同时受限于家庭饮食习惯的制约,应积极发动配偶或子女参与,如鼓励家人共同制订健康饮食,使非药物干预融入家庭生活。
外部制约的受限型病人主要分布于低学历、低收入群体,职业包括学生、服务业人员及货车司机等。此类病人的健康管理行为受制于多重客观因素,如长时间且高压力的工作压缩了健康生活空间、家庭饮食和生活习惯难以改变、外出用餐时健康选择有限以及缺乏职场和社区的健康支持措施。这些结构性障碍使其准确获取健康信息和持续接受健康支持的难度增加,健康行为依从性较低。值得注意的是,家人普遍关注病人健康,但实际提供的有效支持相对有限;与此同时,病人与同龄人在健康管理方面的交流和互助也较为缺乏,进一步影响了其自我管理的积极性。在心理层面,此类群体多表现为现实压力下的无奈和一定程度的焦虑情绪。研究表明,焦虑、抑郁等负面情绪与高血压形成相互恶化的关系[26]。调查显示,青年高血压病人中20.16%合并焦虑,34.16%合并抑郁,42.93%同时合并2种负性情绪[27],表明心理健康已成为影响青年高血压病人健康状况的重要因素。此外,此类病人的数字健康素养较低,病人缺乏利用智能设备、在线参与健康交流与互动的能力,导致病人缺少对疾病的认知、医护的交流互动及自我管理[28]。针对上述特征,护理管理应坚持“健康公平与可及性”理念[29]。一方面,需推进学校和工作场所设立便捷血压监测点和简便健康信息获取渠道,以弥补此类病人的外部制约[30];另一方面,针对技术应用门槛,建议采用更为普适的随访方式,如短信提醒、电话或语音沟通、纸质健康手册等,降低病人参与自我管理的难度。同时,通过组织健康主题交流活动,促进同龄人间的互动与经验分享。此外,针对普遍存在的工作压力、焦虑抑郁等负面情绪,建议在常规治疗基础上融入心理干预措施[27],缓解负面情绪对血压管理的不利影响。
本研究采用半结构式访谈对18例青年高血压病人进行自我管理特征分析,提炼出病人自我管理标签体系,并据此提炼出青年高血压病人的4类用户画像:知行脱节的拖延型、积极适应的主动型、依赖药物的简化型及外部制约的受限型。针对不同类型病人的属性特征,提出了有针对性的建议。基于用户画像开展精准护理,有助于提升青年高血压病人健康生活方式的依从性,提高血压控制有效率。但本研究也存在一定的局限性:研究基于质性访谈数据,样本量有限,男性比例偏高,可能存在其他个体差异性。后续研究团队计划在多中心开展混合研究,扩大样本覆盖范围,并结合动态监测手段优化和完善用户画像,进一步开发智能预警和个性化推送等新型干预模式,验证其对青年高血压病人血压控制的有效性和可持续性。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.017
  • 接收时间:2025-05-06
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-06
  • 修回日期:2026-01-14
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    1华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院,湖北 430000

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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