Article(id=1322168655761232117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168329855418548, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.011, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1746720000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-09, revisedDate=1773158400000, revisedDateStr=2026-03-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159172239, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159172239, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159172239, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159172239, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168329855418548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='7', pageStart='1057', pageEnd='1240', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159094536, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159094536, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1141, endPage=1148, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168655979335926, articleId=1322168655761232117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Sinicization of the Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument and its reliability and validity test, columnId=1220689492655129450, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Scale Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To translate the Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument into Chinese,and to validate its reliability and validity among dementia caregivers.

Methods

The Brislin translation model was adopted for translating the Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset into Chinese.A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 302 caregivers of dementia patients from the neurology outpatient clinics and within 24 hours of admission at 3 tertiary grade A hospitals in Guiyang city were selected as the research subjects.The Chinese version of Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument was used for the investigation to test its reliability and validity.

Results

The Chinese version of Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument included 2 subscales:patient's daily living ability and caregiver's upset,both consisting of 15 items.The patient's daily living ability included two dimensions:basic daily living ability and instrumental daily living ability.The item-level content validity index(I-CVI) was 1.00.The average scale-level content validity index(S-CVI/Ave) was 1.00.Confirmatory factor analysis results showed a good model fit.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the life ability subscale of the Chinese version of Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument was 0.943,and the test-retest reliability was 0.894.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the upset subscale of the questionnaire was 0.937,and the test-retest reliability was 0.614.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument exhibits good reliability and validity,and could be used as an effective tool for evaluating the daily living abilities of dementia patients and the upset level of caregivers.

, authors=Xitong LIU1, Hong LI1, Qiuxiang SHEN2, Pingqiao YUAN3, Pingxia XIE3, Haidong LIU4, Qing LIU2, Yi LIU5, Jinfeng LI1, authorsList=Xitong LIU, Hong LI, Qiuxiang SHEN, Pingqiao YUAN, Pingxia XIE, Haidong LIU, Qing LIU, Yi LIU, Jinfeng LI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Hong LI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
LI Hong, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168658114236665, articleId=1322168655761232117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷的汉化及信效度检验, columnId=1220689492902593405, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=量表研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

汉化照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷(CAFU),并检验其在痴呆照顾者中的信效度。

方法

参照Brislin翻译模型对照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷进行汉化。采取便利抽样法,选取贵阳市3所三级甲等医院神经内科门诊以及入院24 h内的302名痴呆病人照顾者为研究对象,采用中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷进行调查,测量中文版问卷信效度水平。

结果

中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷包括病人日常生活能力和照顾者困扰2个子量表,均由15个条目组成,病人日常生活能力包括基本日常生活能力和工具性日常生活能力2个维度。问卷条目水平的内容效度指数(I-CVI)为1.00。全体一致量表水平的内容效度指数(S-CVI/UA)为1.00。验证性因子分析结果显示模型适配度良好。中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷生活能力子量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.943,重测信度为0.894;问卷困扰子量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.937,重测信度为0.614。

结论

中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷具有良好的信效度,可作为评估痴呆病人日常生活能力和照顾者日常护理困扰的有效工具。

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刘溪桐,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
李红,E-mail:
LI Hong, E-mail:
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unstructuredReference=王晓娇,夏海鸥.基于Brislin经典回译模型的新型翻译模型的构建及应用[J].护理学杂志,2016,31(7):61-63., articleTitle=基于Brislin经典回译模型的新型翻译模型的构建及应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530327889826333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168655761232117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=21, rfOrder=20, authorNames=ASSOCIATION A P, American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 task force, journalName=Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ASSOCIATION A P,American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 task force.Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders[M].5th ed.Washington,DC:American Psychiatric Publishing,Inc,2013:1., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530327948546590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168655761232117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=80, issue=84, pageStart=110, pageEnd=117, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=22, rfOrder=21, authorNames=王媛媛, journalName=医学量表的编制与评价——理论、方法与实例操作, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王媛媛.医学量表的编制与评价——理论、方法与实例操作[M].北京:北京大学医学出版社,2020:80-84;110-117., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530328007266847, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168655761232117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=59, issue=3, pageStart=287, pageEnd=291, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=23, rfOrder=22, authorNames=王克芳, 徐东娟, 王雅琦, journalName=中华护理杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王克芳,徐东娟,王雅琦.护理领域量表类论文问题分析及建议[J].中华护理杂志,2024,59(3):287-291., articleTitle=护理领域量表类论文问题分析及建议, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530328070181408, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168655761232117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=40, issue=24, pageStart=2632, pageEnd=2638, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=24, rfOrder=23, authorNames=施月仙, 王晓庆, 刘晓琴, journalName=护士进修杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=施月仙,王晓庆,刘晓琴.量表汉化论文的报告建议[J].护士进修杂志,2025,40(24):2632-2638., articleTitle=量表汉化论文的报告建议, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530328133095969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168655761232117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=25, issue=5, pageStart=541, pageEnd=544, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=25, rfOrder=24, authorNames=李灿, 辛玲, journalName=中国卫生统计, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李灿,辛玲.调查问卷的信度与效度的评价方法研究[J].中国卫生统计,2008,25(5):541-544., articleTitle=调查问卷的信度与效度的评价方法研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530328200204834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168655761232117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2004, volume=14, issue=15, pageStart=210, pageEnd=215, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=26, rfOrder=25, authorNames=侯杰泰, 温忠麟, 成子娟, journalName=结构方程模型及其应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用[M].北京:教育科学出版社,2004:14-15;210-215., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530328279896611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168655761232117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=235, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=27, rfOrder=26, authorNames=吴明隆, journalName=结构方程模型——AMOS的操作与应用, refType=null, unstructuredReference=吴明隆.结构方程模型——AMOS的操作与应用[M].2版.重庆:重庆大学出版社,2010:235., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530328347005476, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168655761232117, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=null, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=28, rfOrder=27, authorNames=国家卫生健康委等, journalName=null, refType=null, 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CR of the Chinese version of Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument

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条目决断值P
条目1:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在使用手机时是否需要任何帮助?24.851<0.01
条目2:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在购物时是否需要任何帮助,比如购物车、购物清单?23.222<0.01
条目3:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在做饭(正餐或简餐)时是否需要任何帮助?17.758<0.01
条目4:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在整理家务时是否需要任何帮助?33.286<0.01
条目5:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在洗衣服时是否需要任何帮助?35.082<0.01
条目6:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在乘汽车或公交等其他交通工具出行时是否需要任何帮助?20.862<0.01
条目7:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在服药时是否需要任何帮助?13.311<0.01
条目8:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在处理个人财务时是否需要任何帮助?15.227<0.01
条目9:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在上下床、坐椅子或坐轮椅时是否需要任何形式的帮助?11.841<0.01
条目10:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在吃饭时是否需要任何形式的帮助,如防抖助食筷子?12.202<0.01
条目11:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在洗澡(比如在盆浴、淋浴或擦澡中协助冲洗或擦干身体)时是否需要任何形式的帮助?30.783<0.01
条目12:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在穿上衣(比如衬衫、外套)时是否需要任何形式的帮助?18.110<0.01
条目13:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在穿下装(比如裤子、鞋袜)时是否需要任何形式的帮助?19.177<0.01
条目14:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象如厕时是否需要任何形式的帮助,比如在上厕所或清洁前后调整衣物?17.338<0.01
条目15:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在修饰时是否需要任何形式的帮助,比如刷牙、梳头、洗手、洗脸、剃须或化妆?15.987<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1322530324383388164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168655761232117, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷决断值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目决断值P
条目1:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在使用手机时是否需要任何帮助?24.851<0.01
条目2:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在购物时是否需要任何帮助,比如购物车、购物清单?23.222<0.01
条目3:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在做饭(正餐或简餐)时是否需要任何帮助?17.758<0.01
条目4:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在整理家务时是否需要任何帮助?33.286<0.01
条目5:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在洗衣服时是否需要任何帮助?35.082<0.01
条目6:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在乘汽车或公交等其他交通工具出行时是否需要任何帮助?20.862<0.01
条目7:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在服药时是否需要任何帮助?13.311<0.01
条目8:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在处理个人财务时是否需要任何帮助?15.227<0.01
条目9:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在上下床、坐椅子或坐轮椅时是否需要任何形式的帮助?11.841<0.01
条目10:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在吃饭时是否需要任何形式的帮助,如防抖助食筷子?12.202<0.01
条目11:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在洗澡(比如在盆浴、淋浴或擦澡中协助冲洗或擦干身体)时是否需要任何形式的帮助?30.783<0.01
条目12:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在穿上衣(比如衬衫、外套)时是否需要任何形式的帮助?18.110<0.01
条目13:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在穿下装(比如裤子、鞋袜)时是否需要任何形式的帮助?19.177<0.01
条目14:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象如厕时是否需要任何形式的帮助,比如在上厕所或清洁前后调整衣物?17.338<0.01
条目15:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在修饰时是否需要任何形式的帮助,比如刷牙、梳头、洗手、洗脸、剃须或化妆?15.987<0.01
), ArticleFig(id=1322530324463079941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168655761232117, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Correlation correlation between the Chinese version of Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument subscales and the total scale(r value)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目生活能力条目得分与问卷生活能力总分困扰条目得分与问卷困扰总分
条目1:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在使用手机时是否需要任何帮助?0.7400.554
条目2:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在购物时是否需要任何帮助,比如购物车、购物清单?0.7450.631
条目3:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在做饭(正餐或简餐)时是否需要任何帮助?0.7190.650
条目4:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在整理家务时是否需要任何帮助?0.8050.680
条目5:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在洗衣服时是否需要任何帮助?0.7950.681
条目6:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在乘汽车或公交等其他交通工具出行时是否需要任何帮助?0.7430.708
条目7:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在服药时是否需要任何帮助?0.6840.708
条目8:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在处理个人财务时是否需要任何帮助?0.6400.572
条目9:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在上下床、坐椅子或坐轮椅时是否需要任何形式的帮助?0.6190.549
条目10:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在吃饭时是否需要任何形式的帮助,如防抖助食筷子?0.6410.547
条目11:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在洗澡(比如在盆浴、淋浴或擦澡中协助冲洗或擦干身体)时是否需要任何形式的帮助?0.8520.719
条目12:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在穿上衣(比如衬衫、外套)时是否需要任何形式的帮助?0.7760.717
条目13:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在穿下装(比如裤子、鞋袜)时是否需要任何形式的帮助?0.7940.713
条目14:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象如厕时是否需要任何形式的帮助,比如在上厕所或清洁前后调整衣物?0.7450.597
条目15:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在修饰时是否需要任何形式的帮助,比如刷牙、梳头、洗手、洗脸、剃须或化妆?0.7640.613
), ArticleFig(id=1322530324534383110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168655761232117, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷分量表与总量表的相关性(r值)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目生活能力条目得分与问卷生活能力总分困扰条目得分与问卷困扰总分
条目1:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在使用手机时是否需要任何帮助?0.7400.554
条目2:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在购物时是否需要任何帮助,比如购物车、购物清单?0.7450.631
条目3:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在做饭(正餐或简餐)时是否需要任何帮助?0.7190.650
条目4:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在整理家务时是否需要任何帮助?0.8050.680
条目5:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在洗衣服时是否需要任何帮助?0.7950.681
条目6:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在乘汽车或公交等其他交通工具出行时是否需要任何帮助?0.7430.708
条目7:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在服药时是否需要任何帮助?0.6840.708
条目8:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在处理个人财务时是否需要任何帮助?0.6400.572
条目9:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在上下床、坐椅子或坐轮椅时是否需要任何形式的帮助?0.6190.549
条目10:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在吃饭时是否需要任何形式的帮助,如防抖助食筷子?0.6410.547
条目11:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在洗澡(比如在盆浴、淋浴或擦澡中协助冲洗或擦干身体)时是否需要任何形式的帮助?0.8520.719
条目12:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在穿上衣(比如衬衫、外套)时是否需要任何形式的帮助?0.7760.717
条目13:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在穿下装(比如裤子、鞋袜)时是否需要任何形式的帮助?0.7940.713
条目14:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象如厕时是否需要任何形式的帮助,比如在上厕所或清洁前后调整衣物?0.7450.597
条目15:在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在修饰时是否需要任何形式的帮助,比如刷牙、梳头、洗手、洗脸、剃须或化妆?0.7640.613
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Fit indices of confirmatory factor analysis for the daily living ability subscale in the Chinese version of Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument

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模型χ2/νCFITLISRMRRMSEA
修正前5.8420.8850.8640.0660.127
修正后3.5550.9410.9290.0580.092
标准>5≥0.9≥0.9≤0.080.08~0.10
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中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷日常生活能力子量表验证性因子分析拟合指标

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模型χ2/νCFITLISRMRRMSEA
修正前5.8420.8850.8640.0660.127
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标准>5≥0.9≥0.9≤0.080.08~0.10
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照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷的汉化及信效度检验
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刘溪桐 1 , 李红 1, *, *, * , 沈秋香 2 , 袁平乔 3 , 谢平霞 3 , 刘海东 4 , 刘庆 2 , 刘义 5 , 李金凤 1
护理研究 | 量表研究 2026,40(7): 1141-1148
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护理研究 |量表研究 2026 , 40 (7) : 1141 -1148
照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷的汉化及信效度检验
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刘溪桐1, 李红1, *, *, * , 沈秋香2, 袁平乔3, 谢平霞3, 刘海东4, 刘庆2, 刘义5, 李金凤1
作者信息
  • 1贵州医科大学护理学院,贵州 550000
  • 2贵阳市第二人民医院
  • 3贵州医科大学附属医院
  • 4北京师范大学中国基础教育质量检测协同创新中心
  • 5贵州省第二人民医院
通讯作者:
李红,E-mail:
LI Hong, E-mail:
作者简介:

刘溪桐,硕士研究生在读

Sinicization of the Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument and its reliability and validity test
Xitong LIU1, Hong LI1 , Qiuxiang SHEN2, Pingqiao YUAN3, Pingxia XIE3, Haidong LIU4, Qing LIU2, Yi LIU5, Jinfeng LI1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 550000 China
  • 2The Second People's Hospital of Guiyang
  • 3The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
  • 4Co-Innovation Center for Quality Monitoring of Basic Education in China, Beijing Normal University
  • 5The Second People's Hospital of Guizhou Province
  • Corresponding Author:
    LI Hong, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.011
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目的

汉化照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷(CAFU),并检验其在痴呆照顾者中的信效度。

方法

参照Brislin翻译模型对照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷进行汉化。采取便利抽样法,选取贵阳市3所三级甲等医院神经内科门诊以及入院24 h内的302名痴呆病人照顾者为研究对象,采用中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷进行调查,测量中文版问卷信效度水平。

结果

中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷包括病人日常生活能力和照顾者困扰2个子量表,均由15个条目组成,病人日常生活能力包括基本日常生活能力和工具性日常生活能力2个维度。问卷条目水平的内容效度指数(I-CVI)为1.00。全体一致量表水平的内容效度指数(S-CVI/UA)为1.00。验证性因子分析结果显示模型适配度良好。中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷生活能力子量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.943,重测信度为0.894;问卷困扰子量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.937,重测信度为0.614。

结论

中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷具有良好的信效度,可作为评估痴呆病人日常生活能力和照顾者日常护理困扰的有效工具。

痴呆  /  照顾者困扰  /  日常生活能力  /  问卷  /  信度  /  效度
Objective

To translate the Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument into Chinese,and to validate its reliability and validity among dementia caregivers.

Methods

The Brislin translation model was adopted for translating the Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset into Chinese.A convenience sampling method was used to recruit 302 caregivers of dementia patients from the neurology outpatient clinics and within 24 hours of admission at 3 tertiary grade A hospitals in Guiyang city were selected as the research subjects.The Chinese version of Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument was used for the investigation to test its reliability and validity.

Results

The Chinese version of Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument included 2 subscales:patient's daily living ability and caregiver's upset,both consisting of 15 items.The patient's daily living ability included two dimensions:basic daily living ability and instrumental daily living ability.The item-level content validity index(I-CVI) was 1.00.The average scale-level content validity index(S-CVI/Ave) was 1.00.Confirmatory factor analysis results showed a good model fit.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the life ability subscale of the Chinese version of Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument was 0.943,and the test-retest reliability was 0.894.The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the upset subscale of the questionnaire was 0.937,and the test-retest reliability was 0.614.

Conclusions

The Chinese version of the Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument exhibits good reliability and validity,and could be used as an effective tool for evaluating the daily living abilities of dementia patients and the upset level of caregivers.

dementia  /  caregivers' upset  /  activities of daily living  /  questionnaire  /  reliability  /  validity
刘溪桐, 李红, 沈秋香, 袁平乔, 谢平霞, 刘海东, 刘庆, 刘义, 李金凤. 照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷的汉化及信效度检验. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1141 -1148 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.011
Xitong LIU, Hong LI, Qiuxiang SHEN, Pingqiao YUAN, Pingxia XIE, Haidong LIU, Qing LIU, Yi LIU, Jinfeng LI. Sinicization of the Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset Instrument and its reliability and validity test[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1141 -1148 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.011
目前,全球约有5 520万例痴呆病人[1],我国痴呆病例数约占全球的25.5%[2],痴呆已经成为经济负担较重的疾病之一[3]。痴呆以进行性认知功能障碍、精神行为症状和日常生活能力的丧失为特征[4-6],不仅需要长期照护,更给照顾者带来了生活和照护的双重负担[2,7]。随着病情加重,照顾病人难度显著增加[8-9]。因此,有效评估病人的精神行为症状、日常生活能力以及了解照顾者照顾过程中的情绪反应对临床干预至关重要[5,10]。我国学者编制和汉化的痴呆病人精神行为症状评估量表可以有效评估痴呆病人的精神行为问题和痴呆病人精神行为问题改变时照顾者苦恼或困扰反应[11-12],但在生活能力的评估过程中缺乏对于照顾者在日常生活活动协助过程中联动的情绪反应的评估[13]。国外学者编制的照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷(the Caregiver Assessment of Function and Upset,CAFU)可以有效评估痴呆病人日常生活能力和照顾者照顾过程中面临的困扰情绪[14]。因此,本研究引进并汉化照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷,并验证其在痴呆照顾者中的信效度,为临床评估病人生活能力及照顾者心理困扰提供可靠工具。
照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷是由Gitlin等[14]于2005年开发的评估工具,英文版问卷各项目的Cronbach's α系数为0.81~0.91,该问卷已在美国[15-16]、澳大利亚[17]和法国[18]使用,并已研发出马来西亚语版本[19],在脑卒中照顾者中具有良好的信效度,其Cronbach's α系数为0.95[19]。照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷包括2个分量表,各分量表均含15个项目,由痴呆病人照顾者填写,评估痴呆病人的日常生活能力和照顾者日常照顾困扰反应。评估过程中,照顾者需根据病人在过去1周内的实际照顾情况回答相应问题,如“在过去的1周,病人是否需要任何形式的帮助(活动的名称,比如乘坐公交)?”,若“病人不需要帮助,完全独立”计7分,“病人完成该活动超过合理时间或需要辅助设备”计6分(有困难,但能独立完成);若病人需要协助,再根据照顾者提供的帮助程度进行1~5分的评分,“病人完全不能自理或者不再尝试此项活动”计1分,“仅限监护或在旁协助”计5分,之后,照顾人员被问及“是否协助完成此项活动?”,回答“否”计0分;回答“是”则计0~4分。评价指标包括病人需要生活协助的频数、病人日常生活能力评分、照顾者的困扰程度评分。1)病人需要生活协助的频率:根据病人是否需要帮助的回答,统计需要帮助的项目总数,得分0~15分。2)病人日常生活能力评分:每个条目评分为1(完全依赖)~7分(完全独立),总分15~105分。其中病人日常生活能力部分包括工具性日常生活能力和基本日常生活能力2个维度,工具性日常生活能力维度共8个条目,总分8~56分;基本日常生活能力维度共7个条目,总分7~49分。3)照顾者的困扰程度评分:每个困扰得分从“完全没有”到“极其”依次计0~4分,总分0~60分,得分越高表明照顾者体验到的困扰越大。
获得原作者授权,参照Brislin翻译模型[20]进行汉化。1)翻译:分别由1名英汉翻译硕士研究生和1名熟悉照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷的护理研究生组成2组翻译小组,每组独立翻译英文问卷,最终通过协商达成一致,形成中文版问卷T。2)回译:邀请2名英汉翻译专业人员独立回译中文版问卷T,其中1人为本科学历精通汉语的英国华裔牙科医生,另1人为英汉翻译专业的硕士研究生。2版回译稿分别命名为BT1和BT2,研究小组综合对比后形成终版回译稿。将终版回译稿发送给原作者,确认翻译无误后形成中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷1。
邀请15名与研究领域相关的专家组成专家委员会,包括神经内科护理专家6人、神经内科医学专家1人、精神科护理专家1人、精神科医生2人、老年科护理专家2人、康复科护理专家1人、康复医学科康复治疗师1人以及神经外科护理专家1人。依据其专业知识和经验,对中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷1的内容准确性、语言清晰度及文化适应性进行评估,并提出修改意见,形成中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷2。
采用便利抽样法,选取贵州医科大学附属医院神经内科15名痴呆病人照顾者进行预调查。纳入标准:1)病人经三级甲等医院神经内科门诊确诊为痴呆,诊断标准参考美国精神病学会发布的第5版《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》(DSM-5)[21];2)照顾者每日照顾时长≥4 h,为病人的配偶、子女、亲戚或其他共同居住的家庭照顾人员[14];3)照顾者年龄≥18岁,且照顾时间≥6个月[14];4)照顾者意识清楚,能与研究人员正常沟通并自愿参加本研究。排除标准:1)有严重精神疾病的病人,如精神分裂症等;2)病人有外伤或其他原因导致的躯体活动障碍。
采取便利抽样,选取2024年4月—11月在贵州省贵阳市3所三级甲等医院门诊或者入院24 h内痴呆病人主要照顾者为研究对象。纳入与排除标准同预调查。中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷包括15个条目,样本量至少为条目数的5~10倍[22],需要样本数为75~150例,加上20%的失访率,样本量为90~180,验证性因子分析样本量至少需要200例,考虑20%的失访率,本研究预计发放问卷220份[23-24]。本研究已通过贵州医科大学人体试验伦理委员会伦理审查[编号:2022伦审第(127)号]。
由研究者自行设计,主要包括病人的年龄、疾病类型、性别及家庭照顾者的年龄、性别、照顾时长。
使用中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷2作为调查工具,包括病人日常生活能力和照顾者困扰2个部分,均由15个相同条目组成,病人日常生活能力部分包括基本日常生活能力和工具性日常生活能力2个维度。
由经过统一培训的2名护理学专业硕士研究生与痴呆照顾者进行面对面问卷收集。向调查对象介绍研究目的、意义、问卷填写方法,获得其同意后开始调查,问卷当场回收,问卷填写时间为5~15 min。
应用Jamovi软件进行数据整理,使用SPSS 25.0软件进行项目分析、信度检验、内容效度,采用Mplus 8软件进行验证性因子分析。定性资料采用频数、百分比(%)进行描述;符合正态分布的定量资料采用均数±标准差(x±s)描述;不符合正态分布的定量资料采用中位数(四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]进行描述。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
采用相关系数法和决断值法进行项目分析。1)相关系数法:相关系数作为项目区分度指数,保留相关系数≥0.4(P<0.05)的条目,如果数据符合正态分布,则使用Pearson相关系数法,否则采用Spearman相关系数法[22];2)决断值法:决断值又称临界值,将量表总分由高到低进行排序,得分前27%为高分组,后27%为低分组,采用独立样本t检验,计算两组在各条目上的差异。所得t值即决断值,如果某个条目决断值的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),则认为该条目不具备鉴别不同研究对象反应程度的能力,应考虑删除[22]。
采用内部一致性和重测信度进行信度检验。1)内部一致性:反映量表条目之间的同质性或内在相关性。采用Cronbach's α系数进行评价,若Cronbach's α系数<0.7考虑删除[22]。2)重测信度:反映测量工具的稳定性。一般量表测评的间隔时间为2~4周,重测样本量要求不低于研究总样本量的1/10,选取40名痴呆病人照顾者间隔2周进行重测,如果数据符合正态分布,则使用Pearson相关系数法,否则采用Spearman相关系数法[22],一般重测信度>0.75表示重测信度较好,<0.4则表示较差[25]。
采用内容效度和结构效度进行效度检验。1)内容效度:计算中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷条目水平的内容效度指数(item-level CVI,I-CVI)和全体一致量表水平的内容效度指数(scale-level CVI,S-CVI/Universal Agreement,S-CVI/UA)[24]。若I-CVI>0.78、S-CVI/UA>0.80,则认为各条目和量表达到可接受标准[24]。2)结构效度:日常生活能力的概念自20世纪后期引入我国以来[13],已形成坚实的理论基础,并积累了充分的实证依据。鉴于各变量具有明确的归属关系,本研究采用验证性因子分析检验变量与因素之间的关系[26]及量表结构是否与原量表的理论结构相吻合,要求因子载荷>0.50,采用卡方自由度比(χ²/ν)>5,比较拟合指数(comparative fit index,CFI)≥0.90、非规范拟合指数(Tucker-Lewis index,TLI)≥0.9,近似误差均方根(root mean square error of approximation,RMSEA)≤0.08模型拟合理想,RMSEA<0.05则拟合非常好,RMSEA为0.08~0.10时表示模型适配普通,>0.10表示模型适配不理想[27],标准残差均方根(standardized root mean square residual,SRMR)≤0.08作为验证因子分析的拟合标准[26]。
根据专家函询结果对6处进行修改:条目2“比如装载个人物品的购物车”修改为“比如购物车、购物清单”;条目10“摇摆刀”修改为“防抖助食筷子”;条目12“在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在穿上衣时是否需要任何形式的帮助?”修改为“在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在穿上衣(比如衬衫、外套)时是否需要任何形式的帮助”;条目13“在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在穿下装时是否需要任何形式的帮助?”修改为“在过去的1周中,您的照顾对象在穿下装(比如裤子、鞋袜)时是否需要任何形式的帮助”;选项中“仅限于监督、指导、手机设置(监管)或提醒(提示)(不提供身体帮助)”,修改为“仅需监督或在旁协助:需要另1人提示、监督、帮助准备或传递物品,但不需要身体接触帮助”。经专家建议并与原作者协商,将量表标题由原译“照顾者功能和困扰评估问卷”调整为“照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷”,更贴切英文厚意并便于使用者理解。预调查显示照顾者对量表内容理解较好。
共发放问卷319份,回收有效问卷302份,有效回收率为94.7%。1)家庭照顾者一般资料:共纳入302名痴呆病人照顾者,年龄21~90[55.00(47.25,65.00)]岁;照顾时长0.5~19.0[2.0(1.0,4.0)]年;男108人(35.8%),女194人(64.2%)。2)病人一般资料:年龄43~97[77.0(69.0,83.0)]岁;病程0.5~19.0[2.0(1.0,4.5)]年;男133例(44.0%),女169例(56.0%);阿尔茨海默病220例(72.8%)。
决断值法结果显示,中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷决断值为11.841~35.082,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001),量表所有条目均予以保留。详见表1。
通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov(K-S)检验和Shapiro-Wilk(S-W)检验对痴呆病人照顾者生活能力总分和困扰总分进行正态性评估。结果显示,痴呆病人照顾者生活能力总分呈非正态分布(K-S检验:P<0.001,S-W检验:P<0.001);困扰总分呈非正态分布(K-S检验:P<0.001;S-W检验:P<0.001),因此选择Spearman相关系数法。结果显示,中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷生活能力各条目评分与问卷生活能力总分呈正相关,相关系数为0.619~0.852(P<0.01);困扰各条目评分与困扰总分呈正相关,相关系数为0.547~0.719(P<0.01);中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷生活能力总分与困扰程度总分呈负相关,相关系数为-0.600(P<0.01)。详见表2。原量表所有条目均予以保留。详见表2。
根据专家函询结果,中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷的I-CVI为1.00(>0.78);S-CVI/UA为1.00(>0.80),表明问卷的内容效度较好[23]。
验证性因子分析结果显示,初始模型的拟合指标未达到理想水平,初始模型与数据的拟合程度欠佳,需要进行修正以提高模型适配度,修正后的模型各项拟合指标均有显著改善,χ²/ν=3.555,RMSEA=0.092,CFI=0.941,TLI=0.929,SRMR=0.058,提示修订后的模型各指标均在可接受范围内,详见图1、表3。
中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷生活能力子量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.943,困扰子量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.937。采用Speraman相关系数法进行重测信度检验,中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷生活能力子量表的重测信度为0.894,困扰子量表的重测信度为0.614。
中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷在病人生活能力和困扰部分均表现出良好的区分度和一致性。决断值法结果表明,病人生活能力部分的各条目在高分组和低分组之间的得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷的条目能够有效区分不同能力水平的病人,表明该量表在评估病人生活能力方面具有较高的敏感性[22]。相关系数法结果显示,中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷生活能力各条目得分与问卷生活能力总分呈正相关,相关系数为0.619~0.852(P<0.05),表明该部分各条目与量表总体目标高度一致,具有较好的一致性[22]。困扰程度各条目评分与问卷困扰总分也呈正相关,相关系数为0.547~0.719(P<0.05),进一步验证了问卷在评估病人困扰方面结构和内容的有效性。此外,问卷生活能力总分与困扰总分呈负相关,表明病人生活能力越低,其照顾者伴随的照顾困扰越高。
中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷I-CVI与S-CVI/UA均为1.00,表明其具有良好的内容效度。本研究对中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷生活能力部分进行了验证性因子分析,结果发现,初始模型的拟合指标未达理想标准,修正后的模型各项拟合指标均达到心理测量学要求,表明中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷日常生活能力部分具有较好的结构效度。基本日常生活能力维度的所有条目因子载荷均>0.78,表示较少受文化因素影响。工具性日常生活能力维度的项目测量特性稍差,可能与该维度活动更容易受到社会文化环境的影响有关。
中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷生活能力和困扰部分均表现出良好的信度,表明该量表具有较高的稳定性和可靠性。生活能力部分的Cronbach's α系数为0.943,困扰部分的Cronbach's α系数为0.937,表明量表各条目的内部一致性极佳,能够稳定地测量目标。此外,重测信度分析进一步验证了量表的时间稳定性。问卷生活能力部分的重测信度为0.894,高于0.7,该部分重测信度较好;困扰部分的重测信度为0.614,表明困扰部分的重测信度可接受。综合信度分析结果,中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷在生活能力和困扰部分的测量均具有良好的信度水平,能够为研究者提供可靠的评估工具。
2024年12月31日,国家卫生健康委员会等部门联合印发《应对老年痴呆国家行动计划(2024—2030年)》[28]的通知,提出开展医院-社区-居家老年痴呆康复服务。中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷经过严格的跨文化调适和信效度检验,可作为我国痴呆病人功能评估和照护困扰负担监测的重要工具。该问卷能客观评估病人的日常生活能力,为临床诊断、社区筛查和居家照护提供标准化依据,其照顾者困扰维度能精准反映照护者的心理困扰,为制定个性化的社会支持政策和优化照护资源配置提供数据支撑,对实现行动计划中提高照护服务水平的目标具有重要实践价值。
中文版照顾者评估功能和困扰问卷信效度良好,可用于评估痴呆病人的生活能力和照顾者日常护理困扰,是可靠、有效的评估工具,未来研究可在更广泛的人群中验证其适用性并优化模型,以增强其在我国文化背景下的实用性。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.011
  • 接收时间:2025-05-09
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-09
  • 修回日期:2026-03-11
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    1贵州医科大学护理学院,贵州 550000
    2贵阳市第二人民医院
    3贵州医科大学附属医院
    4北京师范大学中国基础教育质量检测协同创新中心
    5贵州省第二人民医院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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