Article(id=1322168458196922740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168329855418548, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.010, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1747584000000, receivedDateStr=2025-05-19, revisedDate=1768060800000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-11, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159125135, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1775750400000, pubDateStr=2026-04-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159125135, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159125135, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159125135, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168329855418548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='7', pageStart='1057', pageEnd='1240', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1775750400000', pubDateStr='2026-04-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159094536, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159094536, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1136, endPage=1140, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168458431803765, articleId=1322168458196922740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Conceptual analysis of death anxiety in cancer patients, columnId=1322165051855843964, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Theoretical Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To analyze and clarify the conceptual connotation of death anxiety in cancer patients,and to provide reference for medical staff to identify and intervene the death anxiety in cancer patients.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted on databases including CNKI,WanFang database,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,EMbase,psycINFO,and CINAHL.Literatures were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the concept of death anxiety was analyzed by using Walker and Avant conceptual analysis.

Results

A total of 35 articles were included to summarize the concept of death anxiety.Its conceptual attributes were determined to include self-esteem,psychological depression,disease complexity,and social coping styles.Pre-factors included demographic factors,disease factors,psychological factors,and social support.The consequences included the impact on the patient's psychological,physiological,and social aspects.

Conclusions

The connotation of death anxiety is complex and influenced by multiple factors,which could seriously affect the quality of life of cancer patients.Clinical medical staff should improve the recognition rate of death anxiety in cancer patients,make proactive nursing interventions,and reduce the adverse effects of death anxiety on patients.

, authors=Yumeng LAN1, Juanping ZHONG2, Jing SHI2, Haixia CHEN2, Zerun ZHAO1, Xinglei WANG1, 2, Xinman DOU2, authorsList=Yumeng LAN, Juanping ZHONG, Jing SHI, Haixia CHEN, Zerun ZHAO, Xinglei WANG, Xinman DOU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Xinman DOU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
DOU Xinman, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168459090309496, articleId=1322168458196922740, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=癌症病人死亡焦虑的概念分析, columnId=1322165052220748414, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=理论研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

分析并阐明癌症病人死亡焦虑的概念内涵,为医护人员识别和干预癌症病人的死亡焦虑提供参考。

方法

系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、EMbase、psycINFO和CINAHL数据库,根据纳入与排除标准筛选文献,并采用Walker和Avant概念分析法对死亡焦虑的概念进行分析。

结果

共纳入35篇文献,归纳死亡焦虑的概念,并确定其概念属性包括自尊、心理抑郁、疾病复杂性和社交应对方式4个方面;前因包括人口学因素、疾病因素、心理因素和社会支持;后果包括对病人心理、生理及社会方面的影响。

结论

死亡焦虑的内涵复杂,受到多种因素的影响,会严重影响癌症病人的生存质量。临床医护人员应提高癌症病人的死亡焦虑识别率,制订预见性护理干预措施,减轻死亡焦虑给病人带来的不良影响。

, authors=兰玉梦1, 钟娟平2, 石晶2, 陈海霞2, 赵则润1, 王兴蕾1, 2, 豆欣蔓2, *, *, authorsList=兰玉梦, 钟娟平, 石晶, 陈海霞, 赵则润, 王兴蕾, 豆欣蔓, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=豆欣蔓, authorNote=

兰玉梦,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
豆欣蔓,E-mail:
DOU Xinman, E-mail:
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癌症病人死亡焦虑的概念分析
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兰玉梦 1 , 钟娟平 2 , 石晶 2 , 陈海霞 2 , 赵则润 1 , 王兴蕾 1, 2 , 豆欣蔓 2, *, *
护理研究 | 理论研究 2026,40(7): 1136-1140
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护理研究 |理论研究 2026 , 40 (7) : 1136 -1140
癌症病人死亡焦虑的概念分析
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兰玉梦1, 钟娟平2, 石晶2, 陈海霞2, 赵则润1, 王兴蕾1, 2, 豆欣蔓2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1兰州大学护理学院,甘肃 730000
  • 2兰州大学第二医院
通讯作者:
豆欣蔓,E-mail:
DOU Xinman, E-mail:
作者简介:

兰玉梦,硕士研究生在读

Conceptual analysis of death anxiety in cancer patients
Yumeng LAN1, Juanping ZHONG2, Jing SHI2, Haixia CHEN2, Zerun ZHAO1, Xinglei WANG1, 2, Xinman DOU2
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Gansu 730000 China
  • 2Lanzhou University Second Hospital
  • Corresponding Author:
    DOU Xinman, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-04-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.010
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目的

分析并阐明癌症病人死亡焦虑的概念内涵,为医护人员识别和干预癌症病人的死亡焦虑提供参考。

方法

系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、EMbase、psycINFO和CINAHL数据库,根据纳入与排除标准筛选文献,并采用Walker和Avant概念分析法对死亡焦虑的概念进行分析。

结果

共纳入35篇文献,归纳死亡焦虑的概念,并确定其概念属性包括自尊、心理抑郁、疾病复杂性和社交应对方式4个方面;前因包括人口学因素、疾病因素、心理因素和社会支持;后果包括对病人心理、生理及社会方面的影响。

结论

死亡焦虑的内涵复杂,受到多种因素的影响,会严重影响癌症病人的生存质量。临床医护人员应提高癌症病人的死亡焦虑识别率,制订预见性护理干预措施,减轻死亡焦虑给病人带来的不良影响。

癌症病人  /  死亡焦虑  /  概念分析  /  社会支持
Objective

To analyze and clarify the conceptual connotation of death anxiety in cancer patients,and to provide reference for medical staff to identify and intervene the death anxiety in cancer patients.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted on databases including CNKI,WanFang database,VIP,SinoMed,PubMed,Web of Science,Scopus,EMbase,psycINFO,and CINAHL.Literatures were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria,and the concept of death anxiety was analyzed by using Walker and Avant conceptual analysis.

Results

A total of 35 articles were included to summarize the concept of death anxiety.Its conceptual attributes were determined to include self-esteem,psychological depression,disease complexity,and social coping styles.Pre-factors included demographic factors,disease factors,psychological factors,and social support.The consequences included the impact on the patient's psychological,physiological,and social aspects.

Conclusions

The connotation of death anxiety is complex and influenced by multiple factors,which could seriously affect the quality of life of cancer patients.Clinical medical staff should improve the recognition rate of death anxiety in cancer patients,make proactive nursing interventions,and reduce the adverse effects of death anxiety on patients.

cancer patients  /  death anxiety  /  conceptual analysis  /  social support
兰玉梦, 钟娟平, 石晶, 陈海霞, 赵则润, 王兴蕾, 豆欣蔓. 癌症病人死亡焦虑的概念分析. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1136 -1140 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.010
Yumeng LAN, Juanping ZHONG, Jing SHI, Haixia CHEN, Zerun ZHAO, Xinglei WANG, Xinman DOU. Conceptual analysis of death anxiety in cancer patients[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (7) : 1136 -1140 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.010
癌症是全球第二大死亡原因,已成为威胁全球居民健康的重大公共卫生事件之一[1]。据统计,2022年我国新发癌症病例数450万例,死亡病例数216万例,排名居世界前5位[2]。研究表明,55.6%的癌症病人存在高水平的死亡焦虑(death anxiety,DA)[3]。死亡焦虑是指个体对死亡的恐惧和焦虑,这种恐惧可能源于对未知的恐惧、生命终结的恐惧、对死后世界的担忧,或是对生命未完成的事业和愿望的遗憾[4]。当病人面对癌症威胁时,死亡焦虑会在个体意识到死亡时不可避免地被放大,高水平的死亡焦虑削弱了病人在治疗过程中的身心健康和抗癌信心,阻碍了护理计划的推进,甚至增加了病人自杀的风险[5-6]。近年来,国内外已有学者对癌症病人的死亡焦虑进行研究,但对于死亡焦虑的概念尚未达成共识,限制了癌症病人死亡焦虑相关研究的深入进展,正确识别死亡焦虑是开展相关有效心理干预措施及提高癌症病人生存质量的重要前提。因此,本研究采用Walker和Avant概念分析法[7]分析癌症病人死亡焦虑概念的演化历程,明确其内涵、概念属性及前因后果,以期为后续研究者开展深层次的临床研究和心理干预提供参考。
采用主题词与自由词结合的检索方式,检索中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献服务系统、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus、EMbase、psycINFO和CINAHL数据库。中文检索词为肿瘤、癌症、死亡焦虑。英文检索词为tumour、cancer、death anxiety。通过查阅所检索文献的参考文献以补充检索。检索时间为各数据库建库至2025年2月28日。文献纳入标准:1)以癌症病人的死亡焦虑为主要研究内容;2)至少涉及癌症病人死亡焦虑相关概念、定义属性、前因和后果等之中的一项内容;3)语种为中文或英文。排除标准:会议论文、重复发表、不完整和无法获取全文的文献。
根据纳入与排除标准,共检索到3 225篇文献,将检索到的文献导入EndNote,去除重复文献后获得文献1 943篇,经阅读题目和摘要后保留79篇。最终阅读全文后剩余文献35篇,其中中文文献11篇,英文文献24篇。
采用Walker和Avant的概念分析法对死亡焦虑进行概念分析,该方法由8个步骤组成:1)选定概念;2)明确分析目的,避免在护理理论和研究中对概念的不准确使用;3)确定概念在文献中的应用;4)明确死亡焦虑的定义属性,辨析相关概念;5)构建范例;6)构建临界或相反案例;7)分析概念的前因后果;8)描述现有的测量。概念分析过程中详细阅读相关文献,不断标记重点短语,反思,提炼、修正和精炼,直到概念特征清晰。
死亡焦虑的起源可追溯到20世纪90年代,Tomer等[8]首次提出死亡焦虑,并将其定义为个体对预期死亡所产生的以焦虑、不安为主的负面情绪。2012年,Carpenitomoyet[9]研究指出,死亡焦虑是指个体因意识到死亡的存在或面对临终而感到不安、忧虑和害怕的状态。Gonen等[10]提出,死亡焦虑是当人类面临死亡威胁,启动防御机制所产生的一种有意识或无意识的心理状态。2014年,北美护理诊断学会(the North American Nuring Diagnosis Association,NANDA)将死亡焦虑列入护理诊断[11]。2018年,Sharpe等[12]的研究结果与Menzies等[13]的研究结果较一致,认为死亡焦虑是指个体对预期死亡、濒死过程的自身和重要的人造成影响所产生的焦虑、害怕和紧张交织的负性情绪。2020年,周雨禾等[14]认为死亡焦虑是受到恶性肿瘤这一极强的死亡提醒时,病人会感知到死亡威胁并引发必死性意识,进而产生无法言喻的不安、焦虑和恐惧。通过分析以上文献发现,尽管不同学者对死亡焦虑的描述有相似之处,但目前对于癌症病人死亡焦虑的概念尚未达成共识。
相关概念是指与概念存在联系但并不具备相同特征的概念。阅读文献后发现,死亡焦虑、死亡教育、死亡态度和死亡抑郁4个概念相关。死亡焦虑是指个体对预期死亡所产生的负面情绪。死亡教育是指完善死亡相关知识培养并提升死亡事件应对处置能力的特殊教育,旨在树立科学正确的生死价值观[15]。死亡态度是指个体对死亡刺激做出反应时所持有的评价性的、较稳定的内部心理倾向和特征[16]。死亡抑郁是死亡焦虑的第2个影响因素,具有自己的死亡、重要他人的死亡或一般死亡相关的有意识地反思或悲伤的特征[17]。以上含义看似相关,实则存在显著区别。
概念属性是指与某个概念紧密关联且能表现其本质特征的要素。通过对文献的深入分析和归纳,确定了癌症病人的死亡焦虑这一概念主要包含以下4个核心属性,共同构成了评估癌症病人死亡焦虑的重要概念框架。
自尊是死亡焦虑的一个概念属性,是不断内化他人对自己的评价和看法的产物,但其是成为自我系统中较稳定的部分[18]。研究表明,自尊作为个体自我感知和自我评价的一个组成部分,是抵御死亡焦虑的保护因素,对癌症病人复原力至关重要[19],且自尊作为中介变量介导了社会支持对死亡焦虑的影响[20]。陈淑娟等[21]研究显示,自尊的灵活性提高了自我调节机制,帮助癌症病人缓解焦虑,进而以较为成熟的心态看待和应对死亡,可以适当地缓解癌症病人死亡焦虑水平。因此,高自尊的癌症病人具有更积极的自我评价,有助于减轻焦虑,增加自我价值感,从而促进复原力。
癌症病人的心理抑郁是指病人在面对疾病或治疗时出现的心理反应,如冷漠、失落、压力、焦虑和放弃等。研究显示,心理抑郁与死亡焦虑水平呈正相关[22]。病人适宜的心理波动可帮助其正确面对死亡和接受死亡;但若心理抑郁处于过渡状态,则有极大可能增加病人心理抑郁程度,进而增加死亡焦虑,出现负面情绪体验,产生心理和生理不良影响。
疾病复杂性是指癌症的不可治愈性,且癌症病人治疗方式需多学科合作。诸多治疗方式使病人存在癌因性疲乏,同时处于面对死亡的恐惧与担忧状态,导致死亡焦虑程度的增高[23]。丁娜[24]研究结果表明,由于癌症病人不了解疾病治疗方式,恐惧疾病进展[25]和术后复发恐惧[26]均是死亡焦虑水平的影响因素。
体验回避是癌症病人最常见的社交应对方式,是指拒绝考虑或记住不愉快经历、记忆和想法[27]。具体表现为病人与他人进行接触和参与社会活动过程中感到不自在、身体不舒适,且刻意回避与他人接触和交谈等行为。Yang等[18]研究结果显示,应对方式表现为对抗的癌症病人存在较高的死亡焦虑水平。
综上所述,死亡焦虑是癌症病人的特殊心路历程,情感动态变化且多维交织,从病人确诊即已开始,并贯穿始终。治疗中,医务人员需对病人心理进行全面评估,联合家属及其他学科成员,共同为病人制定治疗方案,讲解治疗配合要点和心理注意事项,确保其心理、生理及社会方面的死亡焦虑水平降到最低。
前因是指在特定概念形成之前即已事先存在的、对其产生诱发事件的元素。经文献回顾将癌症病人死亡焦虑的前因归纳为人口学因素、疾病因素、心理因素、社会支持。
研究显示,年龄、性别、婚姻状况和宗教信仰与癌症病人死亡焦虑水平有关[28]。Neel等[29]研究发现,年龄越小,死亡焦虑水平越高,究其原因是年轻癌症病人担心幼儿的抚养和未来。同时,Nezami等[30]研究也发现,女性癌症病人死亡焦虑水平相比男性显著增高,女性是家庭中情感支持的来源,扮演重要的家庭角色和社会角色,心理压力高,承受能力低,且已婚者比未婚者表现出更高的死亡焦虑水平,这与社会角色和家庭责任有关。Grumann等[31]研究显示,宗教信仰是癌症病人缓解死亡焦虑的重要来源,自我报告没有宗教信仰的病人死亡焦虑水平高;相反,有宗教信仰的癌症病人死亡焦虑水平低。
癌症病人死亡焦虑疾病因素中最主要的是疾病症状负担[32]。疾病症状负担是指病人因疾病所呈现的症状而引发的综合性身心压力状态。癌症疼痛和癌症分期可加剧病人对死亡的恐惧,增加死亡焦虑。癌痛是指由癌症及其相关性病变和抗癌治疗引起的疼痛,多为慢性疼痛[33]。癌痛本身会带给病人痛苦和焦虑,其被认为是疾病进展或复发的信号,可增加死亡焦虑。癌症分期影响了病人的死亡焦虑水平,王丽等[23]研究结果显示,Ⅱ期处于疾病否认期,因此,相比Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期的病人,Ⅱ期病人死亡焦虑水平最高。
焦虑、抑郁、压力和恐惧等负面情绪状态会影响癌症病人的死亡焦虑水平[34]。持有负面情绪的癌症病人存在一系列心理障碍,当病人出现抑郁、焦虑、复发恐惧时死亡焦虑水平高;相反,病人保持很高的自尊、精神健康、韧性强时死亡焦虑水平低。
社会支持包括主观支持、客观支持和对社会支持利用度3个维度。研究表明,社会支持与癌症病人死亡焦虑存在正相关关系。社会支持通过自尊和复原力介导、增强病人自我效能间接降低死亡焦虑水平,或通过提高自我效能进而降低疾病生活干扰水平从而间接影响病人的死亡焦虑[28]。社会支持可以作为癌症病人面对疾病的重要后盾和心理健康的维度评判,病人如果无法从医护人员、家人及朋友处获得有效照护和心理支持,社会孤立感增加,疾病治疗信心丧失,更易选择消极应对方式。相反,如果病人获得充足的社会支持,可能会正向看待疾病,重构癌症认知,保持积极的情绪和应对方式,积极影响疾病治疗效果。
后果是指在特定概念框架下,依据其内在逻辑与预期趋势而呈现出的结局。癌症病人死亡焦虑的后果包括对病人心理、生理及社会方面的影响。
良好的心理健康能帮助癌症病人调整个体适应不良的情绪和行为。Greer等[35]制定了癌症病人有效放松、缓解焦虑和提高活动能力三大治疗模块的干预方案,有利于促进病人识别非理性的想法,进行认知重建,整合对生活的期望,从而缓解心理痛苦,平衡身心状态,积极配合治疗。
研究显示,有心身疾病的病人心理因素与生理互为因果,相互影响[36]。癌症作为一种心理应激因素可导致病人出现死亡焦虑,当水平达到较高水平时,会诱发病人疲乏、恶心、呕吐、睡眠障碍、食欲丧失、角色紊乱、社会功能下降的改变。
癌症病人的死亡焦虑水平会对其社会方面产生负面影响[37]。社会支持通过自尊和复原力介导间接影响病人死亡焦虑情绪,如果病人学会调节自我情绪、适应身体不适症状,发挥主观能动性,便会有积极的应对方式。
通过典型案例可为癌症病人死亡焦虑的属性、前因、后果提供直观而清晰的生活实例,帮助护理人员明确概念具体适用的情况,为概念的临床识别和应用提供参考。本研究通过文献检索发现了1例典型案例,有助于理解癌症病人死亡焦虑的概念。病人,男,50岁,本科学历,1年前被诊断为白血病,因化疗需求进行经外周静脉穿刺置入中心静脉导管(peripherally inserted central venous catheters,PICC)。确诊癌症并行PICC后,接受不了患病的事实,自诉癌症和带管使他感到丢脸,甚至不想面对家人和同事(自尊),在家人的陪伴下选择配合治疗。化疗初期,医院的环境、化疗药物的刺激、手臂带管令他时常拒绝交流(心理抑郁)。化疗第2周期,病人病情开始恶化,其不仅承受了患病及化疗等多种打击,还承受疼痛、胃肠道反应等,使病人身心均受到严重影响(疾病复杂性)。在PICC门诊护士进行导管回访时,病人不愿意回答问题,表现冷漠,示意家属回答(体验回避)。此案例充分体现了癌症病人死亡焦虑中的自尊、心理抑郁、疾病复杂性和体验回避4个概念属性。
在我国,存在癌症即绝症的刻板印象,且受传统文化的影响认为死亡是回避话题,在未来的研究中,仍需进一步探究以下要点问题。1)从癌症病人的情境特质出发,其心理状态是一个持续变化的过程,在不同阶段死亡焦虑水平波动及影响因素均发生变化,需进一步探索,目前缺乏各癌症类型病人的针对性调查;2)年龄是死亡焦虑水平的影响因素,但在已有研究中尚未检索到死亡焦虑在儿科癌症病人中的相关研究,在应用干预时要考虑这一人群,不同年龄和不同阶段的死亡焦虑干预意味着不同的概念发展;3)临床医务人员工作繁忙,评估死亡焦虑水平有待提高,尚且缺乏专业的死亡焦虑评估培训内容,需要进行临床研究推进死亡焦虑护理评估的发展。
综上所述,癌症病人死亡焦虑是指病人在面临癌症时自然生存本能和死亡意识发展而来的一种恐惧状态,其中包含对过去的遗憾、对未来的恐惧和未知死亡概念化的负面情绪。其概念框架图详见图1。
本研究采用Walker和Avant概念分析法,明确癌症病人死亡焦虑的演进、概念属性、前因后果等,并构建癌症病人死亡焦虑的概念框架,使医务人员对癌症病人死亡焦虑形成更为清晰的认识,有利于准确判断和评估癌症病人可能存在的死亡焦虑,进而探索有效的干预措施,帮助癌症病人明确生命意义。同时,概念分析是持续演进的动态过程,受文献数量、质量和跨文化差异等多方面的影响,本研究针对癌症病人死亡焦虑的概念分析仅代表当前阶段的研究现状。癌症是一种身心疾病和压力源,病人的心理因素和生活质量之间存在互为因果的关系。随着未来更多研究的更新,此概念仍需进一步完善。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.07.010
  • 接收时间:2025-05-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-04-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-19
  • 修回日期:2026-01-11
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    1兰州大学护理学院,甘肃 730000
    2兰州大学第二医院

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豆欣蔓,E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
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属数
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genus
种数
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species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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