Article(id=1322168446884889552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168387082502716, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1745683200000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-27, revisedDate=1765468800000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-12, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159122439, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159122439, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159122439, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159122439, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168387082502716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='6', pageStart='881', pageEnd='1056', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159108180, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159108180, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1032, endPage=1037, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168448440976337, articleId=1322168446884889552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Research progress on the cognition and practice of fertility preservation among medical staff in tumor related departments, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

It systematically reviewed the current understanding and practice of fertility preservation among medical staff in oncology-related departments,explored its influencing factors,and proposed intervention strategies to improve the cognitive and behavioral status of medical staff,in order to promote more effective implementation of fertility preservation for cancer patients.

, authors=Shuangyan CHEN1, 2, Yinglu WAN2, Cheng WAN2, 3, Shan YANG1, 2, Tingxuan YANG1, authorsList=Shuangyan CHEN, Yinglu WAN, Cheng WAN, Shan YANG, Tingxuan YANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yinglu WAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WAN Yinglu, E-mail:
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系统梳理肿瘤相关科室医护人员对病人采取生育力保存的认知与实践现状,探讨其影响因素,并提出改善医务人员相关认知与行为现状的干预策略,以期促进肿瘤病人生育力保存更为有效地实施。

, authors=陈双妍1, 2, 万盈璐2, *, *, 万丞2, 3, 杨珊1, 2, 杨霆轩1, authorsList=陈双妍, 万盈璐, 万丞, 杨珊, 杨霆轩, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=万盈璐, authorNote=

陈双妍,护士,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
万盈璐,E-mail:
WAN Yinglu, E-mail:
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肿瘤相关科室医护人员生育力保存认知及实践研究进展
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陈双妍 1, 2 , 万盈璐 2, *, * , 万丞 2, 3 , 杨珊 1, 2 , 杨霆轩 1
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(6): 1032-1037
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (6) : 1032 -1037
肿瘤相关科室医护人员生育力保存认知及实践研究进展
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陈双妍1, 2, 万盈璐2, *, * , 万丞2, 3, 杨珊1, 2, 杨霆轩1
作者信息
  • 1华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院,湖北 430030
  • 2华中科技大学同济医学院护理学院
  • 3长江大学护理学院
通讯作者:
万盈璐,E-mail:
WAN Yinglu, E-mail:
作者简介:

陈双妍,护士,硕士研究生在读

Research progress on the cognition and practice of fertility preservation among medical staff in tumor related departments
Shuangyan CHEN1, 2, Yinglu WAN2 , Cheng WAN2, 3, Shan YANG1, 2, Tingxuan YANG1
Affiliations
  • 1Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Hubei 430030 China
  • 2School of Nursing, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology
  • 3School of Nursing, Yangtze University
  • Corresponding Author:
    WAN Yinglu, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.022
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系统梳理肿瘤相关科室医护人员对病人采取生育力保存的认知与实践现状,探讨其影响因素,并提出改善医务人员相关认知与行为现状的干预策略,以期促进肿瘤病人生育力保存更为有效地实施。

生育力保存  /  肿瘤  /  医护人员  /  认知  /  实践  /  综述

It systematically reviewed the current understanding and practice of fertility preservation among medical staff in oncology-related departments,explored its influencing factors,and proposed intervention strategies to improve the cognitive and behavioral status of medical staff,in order to promote more effective implementation of fertility preservation for cancer patients.

fertility preservation  /  tumor  /  medical staff  /  cognition  /  practice  /  review
陈双妍, 万盈璐, 万丞, 杨珊, 杨霆轩. 肿瘤相关科室医护人员生育力保存认知及实践研究进展. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (6) : 1032 -1037 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.022
Shuangyan CHEN, Yinglu WAN, Cheng WAN, Shan YANG, Tingxuan YANG. Research progress on the cognition and practice of fertility preservation among medical staff in tumor related departments[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (6) : 1032 -1037 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.022
随着肿瘤诊疗技术的进步及病人生存率的提升,在癌症发病呈现年轻化趋势的背景下,治愈疾病已不再是病人唯一的追求,如何在抗癌治疗后保留生育潜能、维系家庭完整、实现生命的延续与质量提升受到越来越多的关注。我国每年新发癌症病例超过450万例,其中68%~78%的育龄期癌症病人有生育需求,迫切希望在治疗后保留或恢复生育功能[1-2]。生育力受损被视为癌症治疗较严重的远期并发症之一,无论是原发性肿瘤本身,还是手术、放化疗等常规癌症治疗,均可引起不可逆生殖功能损伤甚至衰竭,对癌症幸存者的生活质量造成长远负面影响[3]。当前生育力保存(fertility preservation,FP)技术的发展和应用不仅为病人提供了生育可能,更通过增强治疗信念、提升远期生存质量对疾病预后产生积极影响[4]。医护人员是病人获取信息并作出决策的主要来源,其对生育力保存的认知和实践直接影响病人的选择和结局。然而,尽管生育力保存的重要性已获得广泛认可,但在临床实践中,医护人员的认知与行为存在诸多问题,面临着多重困难和挑战[5]。因此,本文旨在综述医护人员对生育力保存的认知与行为现状,深入剖析其影响因素,并提出提升对策,以期为我国生育力保存技术的有效实施提供参考。
生育力保存是指针对存在生殖功能损伤风险或已出现功能衰退的人群,采取药物、手术或冷冻技术对生殖细胞或组织进行干预,旨在维持或恢复个体的生育潜能,从而达成生育后代的目的[6],主要方式包括精子冷冻、卵子冷冻、胚胎冷冻等。美国临床肿瘤学会指南更新强调,在启动相关治疗前,医护人员有必要对病人及其家属就治疗可能引发的不孕不育风险进行充分告知,并讲解生育力保存的方法和利弊,以协助病人作出知情决策[7]。因此,医务人员应重视癌症病人生育力保存,为病人提供全面、及时的咨询服务,以优化其生殖健康结局。
研究表明,40%~80%的女性肿瘤病人和30%~75%的男性肿瘤病人面临不孕不育的风险[8]。当前肿瘤临床治疗广泛采用手术、化疗、放疗、免疫治疗及分子靶向治疗等手段,均可能对病人生育能力产生不同程度的影响。手术治疗的影响取决于手术范围和生殖器官的受累情况,当治疗需行子宫切除术时,无论是否保留附件,病人均将永久丧失自然生育力,但保留卵巢仍可一定程度上维持内分泌功能,改善病人生存质量,在条件允许时或可再次妊娠[9]。化疗可诱导卵巢间质纤维化和血管减少,导致各级卵泡闭锁及始基卵泡过度激活,引起卵巢储备功能减退甚至丧失生育力;在男性中,药物可穿过血生精小管屏障,损害生殖细胞或诱导睾丸间质组织纤维化,其中含烷化剂的化疗方案生殖毒性较强[10]。放疗通过剂量依赖性机制引起生殖细胞损伤,单次剂量超过2 Gy即可导致50%的卵泡发生不可逆损害,当剂量上升至2.5 Gy时,卵巢功能不全发生率增至60%,男性睾丸接受超过6 Gy的辐射剂量则可能造成永久性不育[11]。免疫治疗、分子靶向治疗及内分泌治疗对生育力的影响目前仍需更多临床证据确认。
医护人员对生育力保存普遍持积极态度,但认知水平有待提高。Peigné等[12]调查显示,59.3%的医生对生育力保存相关知识掌握程度处于中低水平,52.6%的医生表示在管理工作中面临较大困难。Malhotra等[5]研究发现,虽然90%的医护人员意识到癌症治疗会损害女性病人的卵巢功能,但76%的受访者对生育力保存技术方案、转诊时机、所需时间及费用等具体细节知之甚少。Mailankody等[13]研究发现,25.6%的肿瘤医生不了解生育力保存相关临床指南,仅20.0%的肿瘤医生会监测幸存者的生育结局。Zhang等[14]对我国3所医院肿瘤医师的调查指出,该群体生育力保存知识的得分偏低,60.2%的医生对生育力保存方法不熟悉,84.5%的医生表示从未接受过相关培训。相比之下,护士对肿瘤病人生育力保存的知识更显缺乏,仅31.1%的护士表示了解生育力保存相关内容,28.0%的护士几乎从不参与相关讨论,尽管大多数护士对生育力保存的认知水平有限,但他们普遍认同自己有责任与医生共同解决生育力保存相关问题[15]。
医护人员的生育力保存认知水平受年龄、职称、科室、受教育程度、医院级别、是否接受过培训等因素影响。相关研究结果显示,年龄较长、职称层级较高的医护人员因临床经验积累与持续学习,对生育力保存的认知更为深刻[16];妇科肿瘤、生殖医学等直接关联科室工作的医护人员,因专业领域相关性,知识储备明显优于其他科室[17];受教育程度是知识获取的基础条件,高学历医护群体在理解和掌握生育力保存相关知识方面表现出显著优势[16];三级医院因资源集中、学术交流频繁,其医护人员接触前沿信息的渠道更广[18],使生育力保存认知水平较高;而接受过专项培训的医护人员,生育力保存认知水平较高[14]。
2006年,美国临床肿瘤学会率先发布癌症病人生育力保存指南,之后全球多国相继制定相关规范[19]。我国肿瘤病人生育力保存研究发展较晚,2021年中华医学会正式发布《生育力保存中国专家共识》[20],阐述了不同肿瘤类型及治疗阶段对病人生育力的影响并提出生育力保存策略与临床建议。然而,临床实践与指南要求仍存在较大差距,目前多处于咨询和推荐阶段。生育力保存实践中存在医护人员认知不足、转诊机制不健全、信息支持欠缺、医患沟通不畅等现实问题,未得到较好落实[21]。据报道,荷兰、印度尼西亚和加拿大的肿瘤医生中,分别有68%、50%和86%会与病人探讨生育问题[22-24]。而在我国,尽管87.4%的医生认可生育力保存的社会价值,但仅17.4%的医生告知了病人相关信息,且病人满意度较低[25]。与成年病人相比,在儿童及青少年群体中的实践更为薄弱。数据显示,英国仅有3.4%的青少年癌症病人接受了生育力保存咨询[26]。Boone等[27]指出,儿科肿瘤医生的讨论率和转诊率均显著低于其他专科。此外,97%的医生仅限于语言交流[4],而病人则期望通过医护讲解、书面材料和网络资源等多元化渠道获取生育力保存相关信息[28]。转诊机制不畅也是突出问题,不足半数的育龄期癌症病人被转诊至生殖专科,部分医院的转诊周期甚至超过3周[29]。由此可见,肿瘤病人生育力保存的实践情况与指南要求差距仍较大。
肿瘤病理类型、分期及预后是制定临床决策的核心依据。在临床实践中,医生通常优先考虑抗肿瘤治疗。因此,当病人预后不良或面临疾病快速进展风险时,生育力保存的讨论常被推迟甚至忽略[30]。由于恶性肿瘤治疗的时间紧迫,多数情况下难以在治疗前预留足够时间完成标准的生育力保存程序。此外,当预估病人生存期较短时,医疗团队可能认为生育力保存的临床获益有限[31]。因此,制定方案时需综合权衡肿瘤风险与生殖需求,在确保抗肿瘤治疗安全的前提下,为适宜病人提供个体化的生育力保存选择。
年龄是影响决策的重要因素。研究发现,53%的医生在一定程度上避免与未成年(<18岁)病人讨论生育力保存,反映出医生在提供信息时的选择性倾向[32]。对于低龄病人,医生易忽视治疗对其未来生育力的潜在影响,或将其归类为远期考量。对于大龄病人,医生则倾向认为其生育需求较低而减少讨论[33]。尽管不同年龄段病人的生育意愿存在差异,医护人员仍应摒弃主观预判,客观评估各年龄段病人的需求并提供决策支持。
通常认为育龄期未育病人的生育意愿强于已育者,因而更容易获取相关信息。Brown等[34]研究发现,对于已生育的乳腺癌女性病人,医生很少与其讨论生育力保存,部分医生甚至认为无须讨论。这导致此类病人获取的信息有限,辅助生殖技术利用率较低。但在我国“三孩政策”背景下,部分家庭可能有再生育需求。医护人员应重视有生育史病人的意愿,根据具体情况提供相应的咨询服务。
癌症治疗的高额费用已给家庭带来沉重负担,而生育力保存产生的额外费用是病人及其家属决策的重要阻碍。调研显示,高昂的成本也是肿瘤医生不愿主动推荐该服务的原因之一[32]。相关数据显示,日本卵巢组织冷冻手术费用高达5 000美元;我国生育力保存费用约270美元,且绝大多数机构要求全额自费,这直接影响了病人的决策[29]。相比之下,法国、英国等国已将相关费用纳入医疗保障体系[35]。我国可借鉴国外经验,结合国情探索相关医保或救助政策,以减轻病人经济压力。
目前癌症病人生育问题未获得足够重视,主要归因于医护人员知识缺乏且在观念上未给予充分关注。Zhu等[30]研究指出,医护人员知识缺乏是其生育力保存实践最大的障碍因素,主要表现在对指南知晓率低、对技术成功率存疑以及对是否影响癌症疗效的认知模糊,导致医护人员不愿主动发起讨论。由于生育力保存通常涉及复杂的医疗程序和伦理考量,若缺乏专业知识,极易造成误导或延误。Dyer等[8]研究发现,因缺乏生殖医学知识,肿瘤科医护人员常基于病人社会人口学特征选择性告知信息,致使病人的生育信息需求未得到充分满足。我国调查亦显示,肿瘤专科医生的生育力保存知识水平偏低,超80%未接受过相关培训[14]。因此,医护人员需加强肿瘤生育知识的普及,完善指南,提升临床医生知识与实践能力,将指南纳入专业人员的入职培训体系,以增强对生育问题的重视及提高生育力保存讨论度。
Shan等[36]研究表明,尽管53.88%的儿科肿瘤医生知晓本院设有生殖医学科,但超过80%的医生极少与生殖专家就病人生育问题进行沟通,这种沟通断层主要源于医生对转诊路径、责任主体和咨询流程的认知不足。为实现肿瘤治疗与生育力保存的双重医疗目标,亟须在肿瘤科医护团队、癌症病人及生殖专科医生之间构建一套高效协同的导航系统,整合明确的转诊路径、标准化的沟通流程及实时多学科协作平台,在确保肿瘤治疗优先性的前提下,为符合条件的病人创造生育力保存机会。此外,Kayiira等[37]研究强调,由于生育力保存涉及病人隐私、情感需求及未来规划等敏感议题,医护人员若缺乏沟通技巧,易引发病人抵触或焦虑,成为实施生育力保存的重要障碍。这凸显了对肿瘤科医护人员开展专项沟通培训的必要性,重点培养其以同理心开启对话、提升沟通敏感度、运用通俗化医学术语等能力,从而帮助病人在充分知情的前提下做出个性化决策。
美国临床肿瘤学会最新指南规定,医疗人员(含护士)都有向肿瘤病人提供生育力保存信息咨询、方案讨论及转诊推荐的责任,却未具体界定各角色的职责和工作范畴[7]。Covelli等[38]访谈发现,肿瘤科医生表示较少与病人探讨生育力保存的问题,认为咨询是生殖专家的职责。而Zhang等[39]发现,大部分护士认为与病人讨论生育力保存超出其执业范畴,有半数护士从未给病人提供过生育力保存咨询。这种责任主体的模糊性导致信息传递受阻,病人可能获取的信息不完整甚至完全缺失,抑或是接收到不一致甚至相互矛盾的建议。因此,医护人员应明确自身定位,即肿瘤科医生负责发起讨论与初步评估,生殖科医生提供专业咨询与技术实施,护士负责全程健康指导与支持,共同确保持续性服务。
家属因素在生育力保存实践中对医护人员产生重要影响,且在成年病人与未成年病人群体中呈现不同特点。对于成年病人,配偶的态度和意见是医护人员评估生育力保存可行性的关键因素。Ussher等[40]的质性研究发现,未婚或单身男性病人在面临癌症和治疗相关不育风险时,普遍会产生生育相关痛苦,其决策过程充满矛盾冲突;而已婚已育的男性病人则会更积极面对决策过程。对于未成年病人,医护人员则需要协调医疗专业建议、监护人意愿及青少年自主诉求三者间的复杂关系。由于父母作为其监护人需要全程参与,加之青少年自主意识与家长决策可能产生的矛盾,使得该群体的生育力保存实践呈现独特的临床复杂性[37]。无论是癌症病人配偶还是父母,家属的认知水平、文化背景和经济状况均会实质性地影响医护人员制定生育力保存策略的方式和力度。
我国辅助生殖技术资源分布不均,主要集中在东部沿海,中西部覆盖不足,且专业人员多集中于三级甲等医院,存在较大缺口,这可能导致病人在寻求生育力保存服务时面临就诊可及性差、等候周期长等系统性问题[30,37]。李嘉恒等[18]调查显示,我国生育力保存服务存在医疗机构能力分化现象,部分医院尚不具备实施资质,而已开展辅助生殖技术的医院中仅67.3%提供生育力保存咨询与转诊服务,且尚未下沉至基层医院。Huang等[16]发现,我国肿瘤医生在生育力保存推荐率和认知水平上存在明显的区域性差异,这与生殖医疗资源分布及对生育力保存的重视程度密切相关,强调了提高医疗资源利用、加强区域合作与知识普及的重要性。这种资源配置失衡进一步加剧了生育力保存服务的可及性差异,使得经济欠发达地区和基层医院的病人更难获得及时、专业的生育力保存咨询与治疗。
伦理与政策法规对医护人员生育力保存实践的影响主要体现在规范性与实践限制的双重作用。知情同意、有利不伤害等伦理原则要求医护人员充分告知肿瘤病人生育风险及保存选择,但实践中常因沟通时间有限、未成年病人决策权界定模糊或预后不良、病人资源分配争议等,导致伦理原则落实困难[41]。政策法规方面,目前肿瘤生育力保存政策和指南尚不健全,导致对生育力保存的认知分歧、转诊效率低下以及专家间沟通不畅[36]。我国虽已有一些专家共识和指南,但缺乏具有法律约束力的标准化操作规范和质量评价体系,导致转诊效率低、认知分歧大[20]。此外,生殖材料所有权、死后胚胎处置等法律空白更使医护人员面临伦理与法律的双重风险,进一步制约生育力保存实践的推广[41]。因此,亟须完善肿瘤病人生育力保存伦理审查框架与专项政策,制定具有法律效力的操作标准和多学科协作机制,在保障病人权益的同时为医护人员提供明确的实践指引。
国内外学者日益重视医护人员生育力保存专业培训,部分国家已建立系统化专项培训体系,可提升其认知水平、临床技能表现及实践自信心[31]。建议医学院校将肿瘤病人生育力保存纳入课程体系,涵盖损害机制、保存时机及方法等核心内容,同时,医疗机构应加强在岗医护人员继续教育,通过多学科协作、病例研讨及模拟教学等多元化形式,提升临床医生的实践能力[22]。医护人员为癌症病人提供生育力保护服务所需的核心能力框架也已制订,内容包括生育力保存知识、沟通技巧、决策支持、心理支持和随访管理等,我国可据此设计本土化培训课程体系,强化沟通技巧与心理支持能力的培养,提高培训的有效性和质量[42]。另外,肿瘤科医生虽常主导生育力保存服务,但护理人员凭借其持续的床旁照护优势,正逐渐成为与病人沟通的理想人选。接受过生殖健康专项培训的护士常能够主动与病人讨论抗肿瘤治疗的不孕风险并提供生育力保存建议,提升护理团队在肿瘤生育领域的专业能力[43]。建议采用肿瘤专科会议、视频教学及案例研讨等多元化教育形式,强化在校教育和继续教育,提升医护人员认知和实践水平。
肿瘤生育学涉及肿瘤学、生殖医学、伦理及心理学等多学科的交叉,其临床实践要求跨学科协作,以应对癌症病人生育决策的复杂性。肿瘤医生和生殖专家的紧密合作与明确分工是其中的关键,前者需在确诊初期完成关键生育问题的初步评估与咨询,并及时启动转诊流程;后者则负责后续的生育力保存方案制定与实施,确保病人获得连续性的生育力保存服务。目前,我国医疗机构虽已逐步开展肿瘤多学科诊疗模式探索,但在实践中存在团队组织架构模糊、职责划分不清等问题,导致部分癌症病人错失生育力保存机会[44]。国际肿瘤生育能力框架肯定了护士在生育决策中的沟通、建议和支持作用,并提出护士应能够识别生育相关临床与心理症状、提供癌症生育护理导航[42]。由于癌症生育服务涉及不同组织,增加了其复杂性,加拿大肿瘤生育护理导航员制度通过协调紧急预约、安排远程会诊及对接当地检查等全流程服务,提升了病人获取生育力保存服务的效率,减少了延误[45]。针对我国肿瘤生育实践所存在的问题,可借鉴国外肿瘤生育护理导航员制度,由专职护士协调紧急预约、远程会诊及全流程管理,以提高服务效率,减少延误。
决策辅助工具通过呈现循证依据,协助病人根据个体化需求作出抉择。癌症病人普遍面临生育决策困境,决策支持不足,尤其是信息支持方面存在显著缺陷,表现为教育资料深度与可理解性不足、获取渠道单一、内容不全面以及缺乏可信度等多重问题[46]。癌症病人需要在短时间内权衡风险收益后作出决定,决策辅助工具能有效促进病人对生育力保存方案的理解,明确利弊和注意事项,同步提升病人的知情决策能力和医护人员的沟通效率,优化生育力保存服务质量,降低病人决策冲突[21]。国外提供了多样化的生育力保存决策辅助工具,涵盖了多媒体教育工具、基于网络的决策辅助工具、图文结合的手册、决策树等,以帮助病人和医护人员进行高效决策[28]。而我国尚缺乏成熟的相关工具,故有必要开发符合我国临床实践特点的决策辅助工具,或开展帮助病人做出决策的干预项目, 为病人提供足够的决策支持,同时也能减轻医护人员的沟通负担。
相较于国外成熟的研究与实践体系,我国肿瘤病人生育力保存工作起步较晚。医护人员普遍存在认知水平不高、实践能力不足等问题,且面临知识匮乏、沟通障碍、制度不全及资源不均等多重挑战。未来应着力于开展多层次专业培训,构建高效的多学科协作团队,并充分发挥护理人员的导航作用及决策辅助工具的支持功能,以推动我国肿瘤生育力保存事业的规范化发展,切实造福广大肿瘤病人。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.022
  • 接收时间:2025-04-27
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-04-27
  • 修回日期:2025-12-12
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    1华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院,湖北 430030
    2华中科技大学同济医学院护理学院
    3长江大学护理学院

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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species
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Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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