Article(id=1322168881909715674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168387082502716, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.018, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742486400000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-21, revisedDate=1766851200000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159226156, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159226156, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159226156, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159226156, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168387082502716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='6', pageStart='881', pageEnd='1056', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159108180, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159108180, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=1011, endPage=1017, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168882228482779, articleId=1322168881909715674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Construction of a home-based agile exercise fall prevention program for patients with subacute ischemic stroke based on the HAPA theory and multimodal agile framework, columnId=1220689488284668633, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Comprehensive Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To construct a home-based agile exercise fall prevention program for patients with subacute ischemic stroke,to provide a basis for fall prevention management in stroke patients.

Methods

Based on the health action process approach(HAPA) theory,a preliminary draft of the home-based agile exercise fall prevention program for patients with subacute ischemic stroke was developed through literature review and group discussions.The Delphi method was applied to finalize the program.

Results

Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted.The questionnaire response rates of 83.33% and 100.00%,respectively.The expert authority coefficient was 0.840.Kendall's coordination coefficients were 0.333 and 0.300,respectively(both P<0.001).In the second round,the coefficient of variation ranged from 0.05 to 0.23.The item importance scores ranged from 3.93 to 4.93.The full-score rates ranged from 33.3% to 93.3%.The finalized program included 3 first-level indicators,8 second-level indicators,and 27 third-level indicators.

Conclusions

The home-based agile exercise fall prevention program for patients with subacute ischemic stroke is reliable,scientific,feasible,and safe.It could provide a basis for developing fall prevention management interventions for patients with subacute ischemic stroke.

, authors=Xiaofang LI1, Zhaoyu SUN2, Ling YUAN2, Guoyan WU2, Jing ZHANG2, Wen WANG3, Yinhua WANG2, authorsList=Xiaofang LI, Zhaoyu SUN, Ling YUAN, Guoyan WU, Jing ZHANG, Wen WANG, Yinhua WANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yinhua WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WANG Yinhua, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168882824073948, articleId=1322168881909715674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=基于HAPA理论及多模态敏捷框架构建亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案, columnId=1220689488938980091, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=综合研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

构建亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案,为脑卒中病人跌倒预防管理提供依据。

方法

以健康行为过程取向(HAPA)理论为基础,通过文献回顾和小组讨论形成亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案初稿,运用德尔菲法最终构建亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案。

结果

共进行2轮专家函询,问卷有效回收率分别为83.33%和100.00%,专家权威系数为0.840,肯德尔协调系数分别为0.333和0.300(均P<0.001),第2轮专家函询变异系数为0.05~0.23,条目重要性均分为3.93~4.93分,满分率为33.3%~93.3%。最终构建的亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案包括3个一级指标、8个二级指标、27个三级指标。

结论

亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案具有可靠性、科学性、可行性和安全性,可为制定亚急性缺血性脑卒中病人跌倒预防管理干预措施提供依据。

, authors=李小芳1, 孙肇瑜2, 袁铃2, 吴国艳2, 张京2, 王雯3, 王银花2, *, *, authorsList=李小芳, 孙肇瑜, 袁铃, 吴国艳, 张京, 王雯, 王银花, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=王银花, authorNote=

李小芳,主管护师,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
王银花,E-mail:
WANG Yinhua, E-mail:
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pageEnd=13, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=35, rfOrder=34, authorNames=朱金凤, 方莹莹, 王芳, journalName=护理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=朱金凤,方莹莹,王芳,等.脑卒中幸存者运动依从性影响因素质性研究的Meta整合[J].护理学报,2022,29(8):7-13., articleTitle=脑卒中幸存者运动依从性影响因素质性研究的Meta整合, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322530322344948657, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168881909715674, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530322357531570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168881909715674, companyId=1322530322344948657, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 550004 China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530322630161331, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168881909715674, companyId=1322530322344948657, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, 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General information of the experts(n=15)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类人数构成比(%)
性别男320.00
女1280.00
年龄30~<40岁426.67
40~<50岁1066.67
≥50岁16.67
学历本科746.67
硕士研究生533.33
博士研究生320.00
职称中级533.33
副高级853.33
正高级213.33
专业领域神经内科临床医疗426.67
神经内科临床护理426.67
康复医学科临床医疗426.67
康复医学科临床护理320.00
从事该领域的工作年限10~<20年1173.33
≥20年426.67
), ArticleFig(id=1322530328443466734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168881909715674, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

专家一般资料(n=15)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类人数构成比(%)
性别男320.00
女1280.00
年龄30~<40岁426.67
40~<50岁1066.67
≥50岁16.67
学历本科746.67
硕士研究生533.33
博士研究生320.00
职称中级533.33
副高级853.33
正高级213.33
专业领域神经内科临床医疗426.67
神经内科临床护理426.67
康复医学科临床医疗426.67
康复医学科临床护理320.00
从事该领域的工作年限10~<20年1173.33
≥20年426.67
), ArticleFig(id=1322530328523158511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168881909715674, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Importance scores,CV and full-score rate for the home-based agile exercise fall prevention program for patients with subacute ischemic stroke

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目重要性(x±s,分)CV满分率(%)
Ⅰ 动机阶段4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅰ-1 脑卒中病人的跌倒风险感知4.00±0.930.2340.00
Ⅰ-1-1 研究者讲解脑卒中病人跌倒的发病率、严重性、跌倒的危险因素4.07±0.880.2240.00
Ⅰ-2 敏捷运动的结果预期4.00±0.930.2340.00
Ⅰ-2-1 播放视频介绍敏捷运动的好处4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅰ-2-2 总结并询问对播放内容是否存在疑问,并进行答疑解惑4.00±0.930.2340.00
Ⅰ-2-3 具体想象敏捷运动的2个近期/远期好处4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅰ-2-4 组织小组讨论,分享彼此的跌倒经历,分析跌倒发生的原因3.93±0.880.2233.33
Ⅰ-2-5 向病人及家属介绍关于安全运动原则的指导4.80±0.410.0980.00
Ⅰ-3 行动的自我效能4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅰ-3-1 向病人介绍整个活动的目的、注意事项4.47±0.640.1453.33
Ⅰ-3-2 请病人思考并制订支持者名单3.93±0.880.2233.33
Ⅱ 意向阶段4.60±0.630.1466.67
Ⅱ-1 运动演示4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅱ-1-1 敏捷运动方案:①热身运动;②中低强度的各种步行、站立和反应任务训练;③运动频率及时间;④运动强度评估;⑤运动进展;⑥运动强度提升;⑦放松活动;⑧锻炼原则;⑨安全指导4.80±0.410.0980.00
Ⅱ-1-2 用药至少半个小时后,康复医生协助实施个体干预4.73±0.460.1073.33
Ⅱ-1-3 遵循内容:①运动前测量血压、脉搏;②研究者示范及动作纠正;③过程中强调运动质量和练习目标并口头表扬;④运动结束进行主观体力感觉评分(RPE);⑤记录病人出勤及运动训练情况4.27±0.700.1640.00
Ⅱ-1-4 演示顺序:①行走挑战训练;②穿梭训练;③Z字形训练;④泡沫垫平衡站立,反应任务包括空间定向训练;⑤完整训练4.80±0.410.0980.00
Ⅱ-2 制订行动计划4.20±0.860.2146.67
Ⅱ-2-1 回顾跌倒及运动相关内容,邀请病人谈谈感受及对跌倒、运动的看法4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅱ-2-2 与病人和家属一起探讨日常在家可能的时间安排,帮助参与者制订运动计划4.00±0.850.2133.33
Ⅱ-2-3 引导个体作出承诺,如向家人和朋友宣布将开始行为转变,请他们进行监督,签订运动承诺4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅱ-2-4 由医生评估病人身体情况,协助制订运动计划、运动目标4.00±0.930.2340.00
Ⅱ-2-5 教会病人使用主观劳累记分法(Borg量表)评估自己的运动强度4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅱ-2-6 建立微信群,要求将运动计划发送至群里,相互监督与相互借鉴4.80±0.410.0980.00
Ⅱ-3 制订应对计划4.20±0.780.1840.00
Ⅱ-3-1 鼓励病人想象在家里进行居家运动可能的障碍或者需求,帮助病人解决障碍4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅱ-3-2 制订应对计划,拟订2个应对策略4.00±0.850.2133.33
Ⅱ-3-3 向病人及家属介绍发生跌倒后的应急处理方法4.67±0.490.1066.67
Ⅲ 行动阶段4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅲ-1 维持的自我效能4.27±0.800.1946.67
Ⅲ-1-1 通过病友微信群鼓励大家分享居家运动情况、运动经验和常见问题的应对方法,相互监督4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅲ-1-2 随访参与者运动情况,发送运动提醒并要求病人每天记录运动时间并发送至微信群打卡4.07±0.800.2033.33
Ⅲ-1-3 研究者每周进行总结反馈,表扬病人,树立学习标兵4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅲ-1-4 微信推送相关知识,强化对跌倒危险的认识,帮助建立积极反应替代消极想法4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅲ-2 恢复自我效能4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅲ-2-1 询问病人运动感受,了解运动中遇到的问题,适时调整运动计划4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅲ-2-2 随访参与者运动情况,及时反馈并调整运动强度,协助解决障碍因素,询问是否发生不良事件4.07±0.800.2033.33
), ArticleFig(id=1322530328594461680, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168881909715674, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案重要性得分、CV及满分率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目重要性(x±s,分)CV满分率(%)
Ⅰ 动机阶段4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅰ-1 脑卒中病人的跌倒风险感知4.00±0.930.2340.00
Ⅰ-1-1 研究者讲解脑卒中病人跌倒的发病率、严重性、跌倒的危险因素4.07±0.880.2240.00
Ⅰ-2 敏捷运动的结果预期4.00±0.930.2340.00
Ⅰ-2-1 播放视频介绍敏捷运动的好处4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅰ-2-2 总结并询问对播放内容是否存在疑问,并进行答疑解惑4.00±0.930.2340.00
Ⅰ-2-3 具体想象敏捷运动的2个近期/远期好处4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅰ-2-4 组织小组讨论,分享彼此的跌倒经历,分析跌倒发生的原因3.93±0.880.2233.33
Ⅰ-2-5 向病人及家属介绍关于安全运动原则的指导4.80±0.410.0980.00
Ⅰ-3 行动的自我效能4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅰ-3-1 向病人介绍整个活动的目的、注意事项4.47±0.640.1453.33
Ⅰ-3-2 请病人思考并制订支持者名单3.93±0.880.2233.33
Ⅱ 意向阶段4.60±0.630.1466.67
Ⅱ-1 运动演示4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅱ-1-1 敏捷运动方案:①热身运动;②中低强度的各种步行、站立和反应任务训练;③运动频率及时间;④运动强度评估;⑤运动进展;⑥运动强度提升;⑦放松活动;⑧锻炼原则;⑨安全指导4.80±0.410.0980.00
Ⅱ-1-2 用药至少半个小时后,康复医生协助实施个体干预4.73±0.460.1073.33
Ⅱ-1-3 遵循内容:①运动前测量血压、脉搏;②研究者示范及动作纠正;③过程中强调运动质量和练习目标并口头表扬;④运动结束进行主观体力感觉评分(RPE);⑤记录病人出勤及运动训练情况4.27±0.700.1640.00
Ⅱ-1-4 演示顺序:①行走挑战训练;②穿梭训练;③Z字形训练;④泡沫垫平衡站立,反应任务包括空间定向训练;⑤完整训练4.80±0.410.0980.00
Ⅱ-2 制订行动计划4.20±0.860.2146.67
Ⅱ-2-1 回顾跌倒及运动相关内容,邀请病人谈谈感受及对跌倒、运动的看法4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅱ-2-2 与病人和家属一起探讨日常在家可能的时间安排,帮助参与者制订运动计划4.00±0.850.2133.33
Ⅱ-2-3 引导个体作出承诺,如向家人和朋友宣布将开始行为转变,请他们进行监督,签订运动承诺4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅱ-2-4 由医生评估病人身体情况,协助制订运动计划、运动目标4.00±0.930.2340.00
Ⅱ-2-5 教会病人使用主观劳累记分法(Borg量表)评估自己的运动强度4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅱ-2-6 建立微信群,要求将运动计划发送至群里,相互监督与相互借鉴4.80±0.410.0980.00
Ⅱ-3 制订应对计划4.20±0.780.1840.00
Ⅱ-3-1 鼓励病人想象在家里进行居家运动可能的障碍或者需求,帮助病人解决障碍4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅱ-3-2 制订应对计划,拟订2个应对策略4.00±0.850.2133.33
Ⅱ-3-3 向病人及家属介绍发生跌倒后的应急处理方法4.67±0.490.1066.67
Ⅲ 行动阶段4.93±0.260.0593.33
Ⅲ-1 维持的自我效能4.27±0.800.1946.67
Ⅲ-1-1 通过病友微信群鼓励大家分享居家运动情况、运动经验和常见问题的应对方法,相互监督4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅲ-1-2 随访参与者运动情况,发送运动提醒并要求病人每天记录运动时间并发送至微信群打卡4.07±0.800.2033.33
Ⅲ-1-3 研究者每周进行总结反馈,表扬病人,树立学习标兵4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅲ-1-4 微信推送相关知识,强化对跌倒危险的认识,帮助建立积极反应替代消极想法4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅲ-2 恢复自我效能4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅲ-2-1 询问病人运动感受,了解运动中遇到的问题,适时调整运动计划4.87±0.350.0786.67
Ⅲ-2-2 随访参与者运动情况,及时反馈并调整运动强度,协助解决障碍因素,询问是否发生不良事件4.07±0.800.2033.33
), ArticleFig(id=1322530328661570545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168881909715674, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Content of agility exercise

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
任务动作描述动作路线示例目标
半串联行走把1只脚的脚跟放在另1只脚的脚趾前面和内侧,然后再迈出下一步1)速度缓慢时,运动方向为前进,认知任务指令为停顿、转弯,运动任务为接球
2)速度正常时,运动方向为后退,认知任务为说出人物、地点等,运动任务为拍球
每个动作路线2次或3次为1组,共需完成2组或3组
并步走以骨盆带动,一侧腿向侧方迈步后对侧腿随即内收并步,使重心平稳横向移动,恢复初始站姿1)速度缓慢时,运动方向为向左,认知任务指令为停顿、转弯,运动任务为接球
2)速度正常时,运动方向为向右,认知任务为说出人物、地点等,运动任务为拍球
每个动作路线2次或3次为1组,共需完成2组或3组
交叉步行走向前(后)迈步时,每只脚都要跨过身体的中线;可以前后行走或左右行走交叉1)速度缓慢时,运动方向为前交叉,认知任务指令为停顿、转弯,运动任务为接球
2)速度正常时,运动方向为后交叉,认知任务为说出人物、地点等,运动任务为拍球
每个动作路线2次或3次为1组,共需完成2组或3组
穿梭行走在1.5、3.0、4.5 m处设标志来回往复行走1)速度缓慢时,运动方向为前进,认知任务指令为停顿、转弯,运动任务为接球
2)速度正常时,运动方向为后退,认知任务为说出人物、地点等,运动任务为拍球
每个动作路线2次或3次为1组,共需完成2组或3组
Z字形行走设定起点和终点,然后按照Z字形路径走动1)速度缓慢时,运动方向为前进,认知任务指令为停顿、转弯,运动任务为接球
2)速度正常时,运动方向为后退,认知任务为说出人物、地点等,运动任务为拍球
每个动作路线2次或3次为1组,共需完成2组或3组
泡沫垫站立平衡训练双腿站立于软泡沫垫1)睁眼时,以双腿为支撑,双手放置于身体两侧,干扰为推拉
2)闭眼时,以单腿为支撑,双手先后平举、抱于胸前、举过头顶,干扰为接球
在每个视觉状态下保持30 s为1组,共需完成3组
空间定向训练主要为根据不同的指令(前、后、左、右)行走以颜色、声音、数字等方式编码以完成认知任务,认知任务包括说出人物、地点等,同时需完成计算任务每次30 s为1组,共需完成3组
), ArticleFig(id=1322530328745456626, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168881909715674, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

敏捷运动内容

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
任务动作描述动作路线示例目标
半串联行走把1只脚的脚跟放在另1只脚的脚趾前面和内侧,然后再迈出下一步1)速度缓慢时,运动方向为前进,认知任务指令为停顿、转弯,运动任务为接球
2)速度正常时,运动方向为后退,认知任务为说出人物、地点等,运动任务为拍球
每个动作路线2次或3次为1组,共需完成2组或3组
并步走以骨盆带动,一侧腿向侧方迈步后对侧腿随即内收并步,使重心平稳横向移动,恢复初始站姿1)速度缓慢时,运动方向为向左,认知任务指令为停顿、转弯,运动任务为接球
2)速度正常时,运动方向为向右,认知任务为说出人物、地点等,运动任务为拍球
每个动作路线2次或3次为1组,共需完成2组或3组
交叉步行走向前(后)迈步时,每只脚都要跨过身体的中线;可以前后行走或左右行走交叉1)速度缓慢时,运动方向为前交叉,认知任务指令为停顿、转弯,运动任务为接球
2)速度正常时,运动方向为后交叉,认知任务为说出人物、地点等,运动任务为拍球
每个动作路线2次或3次为1组,共需完成2组或3组
穿梭行走在1.5、3.0、4.5 m处设标志来回往复行走1)速度缓慢时,运动方向为前进,认知任务指令为停顿、转弯,运动任务为接球
2)速度正常时,运动方向为后退,认知任务为说出人物、地点等,运动任务为拍球
每个动作路线2次或3次为1组,共需完成2组或3组
Z字形行走设定起点和终点,然后按照Z字形路径走动1)速度缓慢时,运动方向为前进,认知任务指令为停顿、转弯,运动任务为接球
2)速度正常时,运动方向为后退,认知任务为说出人物、地点等,运动任务为拍球
每个动作路线2次或3次为1组,共需完成2组或3组
泡沫垫站立平衡训练双腿站立于软泡沫垫1)睁眼时,以双腿为支撑,双手放置于身体两侧,干扰为推拉
2)闭眼时,以单腿为支撑,双手先后平举、抱于胸前、举过头顶,干扰为接球
在每个视觉状态下保持30 s为1组,共需完成3组
空间定向训练主要为根据不同的指令(前、后、左、右)行走以颜色、声音、数字等方式编码以完成认知任务,认知任务包括说出人物、地点等,同时需完成计算任务每次30 s为1组,共需完成3组
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基于HAPA理论及多模态敏捷框架构建亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案
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李小芳 1 , 孙肇瑜 2 , 袁铃 2 , 吴国艳 2 , 张京 2 , 王雯 3 , 王银花 2, *, *
护理研究 | 综合研究 2026,40(6): 1011-1017
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护理研究 |综合研究 2026 , 40 (6) : 1011 -1017
基于HAPA理论及多模态敏捷框架构建亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案
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李小芳1, 孙肇瑜2, 袁铃2, 吴国艳2, 张京2, 王雯3, 王银花2, *, *
作者信息
  • 1贵州医科大学,贵州 550004
  • 2贵州医科大学附属医院
  • 3天津中医药大学
通讯作者:
王银花,E-mail:
WANG Yinhua, E-mail:
作者简介:

李小芳,主管护师,硕士研究生在读

Construction of a home-based agile exercise fall prevention program for patients with subacute ischemic stroke based on the HAPA theory and multimodal agile framework
Xiaofang LI1, Zhaoyu SUN2, Ling YUAN2, Guoyan WU2, Jing ZHANG2, Wen WANG3, Yinhua WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou 550004 China
  • 2The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
  • 3Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • Corresponding Author:
    WANG Yinhua, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.018
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目的

构建亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案,为脑卒中病人跌倒预防管理提供依据。

方法

以健康行为过程取向(HAPA)理论为基础,通过文献回顾和小组讨论形成亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案初稿,运用德尔菲法最终构建亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案。

结果

共进行2轮专家函询,问卷有效回收率分别为83.33%和100.00%,专家权威系数为0.840,肯德尔协调系数分别为0.333和0.300(均P<0.001),第2轮专家函询变异系数为0.05~0.23,条目重要性均分为3.93~4.93分,满分率为33.3%~93.3%。最终构建的亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案包括3个一级指标、8个二级指标、27个三级指标。

结论

亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案具有可靠性、科学性、可行性和安全性,可为制定亚急性缺血性脑卒中病人跌倒预防管理干预措施提供依据。

脑卒中  /  敏捷运动  /  跌倒  /  亚急性期  /  居家  /  健康行为过程取向  /  多模态敏捷框架  /  德尔菲法
Objective

To construct a home-based agile exercise fall prevention program for patients with subacute ischemic stroke,to provide a basis for fall prevention management in stroke patients.

Methods

Based on the health action process approach(HAPA) theory,a preliminary draft of the home-based agile exercise fall prevention program for patients with subacute ischemic stroke was developed through literature review and group discussions.The Delphi method was applied to finalize the program.

Results

Two rounds of expert consultation were conducted.The questionnaire response rates of 83.33% and 100.00%,respectively.The expert authority coefficient was 0.840.Kendall's coordination coefficients were 0.333 and 0.300,respectively(both P<0.001).In the second round,the coefficient of variation ranged from 0.05 to 0.23.The item importance scores ranged from 3.93 to 4.93.The full-score rates ranged from 33.3% to 93.3%.The finalized program included 3 first-level indicators,8 second-level indicators,and 27 third-level indicators.

Conclusions

The home-based agile exercise fall prevention program for patients with subacute ischemic stroke is reliable,scientific,feasible,and safe.It could provide a basis for developing fall prevention management interventions for patients with subacute ischemic stroke.

stroke  /  agile exercise  /  falls  /  subacute stage  /  home-based  /  health action process approach  /  multimodal agile framework  /  Delphi method
李小芳, 孙肇瑜, 袁铃, 吴国艳, 张京, 王雯, 王银花. 基于HAPA理论及多模态敏捷框架构建亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (6) : 1011 -1017 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.018
Xiaofang LI, Zhaoyu SUN, Ling YUAN, Guoyan WU, Jing ZHANG, Wen WANG, Yinhua WANG. Construction of a home-based agile exercise fall prevention program for patients with subacute ischemic stroke based on the HAPA theory and multimodal agile framework[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (6) : 1011 -1017 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.018
缺血性脑卒中是指由于脑部血液循环障碍导致局部脑组织缺血性坏死的疾病[1],占脑卒中的69.6%~70.8%[2]。该疾病具有高发病率、高致残率和高复发率的特点,严重影响病人自理能力和生活质量,给家庭和社会带来沉重负担[3]。平衡障碍是脑卒中病人面临的常见问题,已有研究结果显示,约70%的脑卒中病人在康复后仍存在多种平衡障碍,能够在出院后达到社区参与所需步行能力的脑卒中幸存者仅占7%[4-5]。跌倒是重要的平衡障碍类型,尤其在出院后亚急性期病人中,跌倒发生率高达73%[6-7],其不仅会导致病人身体损伤[8],还可能引发病人的跌倒恐惧,影响病人运动和神经功能恢复,加重病人整体负担[9-10]。身体感知能力、中枢神经系统整合能力和运动系统反馈机制是影响跌倒等平衡障碍的重要因素[11-12],尤其是运动对改善病人平衡功能具有积极作用。但现有的运动干预方案常侧重于单一的平衡训练,缺乏对感知、力量等多维度的综合干预,且方案在设计上常缺乏趣味性和长期跟踪机制,可能导致病人依从性较差[13-15]。多模态敏捷框架涵盖感知、决策和反应方向的改变,对力量、平衡、耐力及认知等多个方面进行训练,更符合日常生活活动及跌倒威胁情境,该框架已在老年人、帕金森病和多发性硬化症病人中应用并取得良好效果[16-19]。本研究拟在多模态敏捷框架基础上以健康行为过程取向(health action process approach,HAPA)理论为指导[20],通过文献回顾和德尔菲法构建适合亚急性期脑卒中病人的居家敏捷运动方案,以期有效降低居家脑卒中病人跌倒风险,改善病人生活质量。
HAPA是德国心理学家Ralf Schwarzer提出的一个综合模型[20],结合了阶段性、连续性和双阶段社会认知模型特点,区分了行为制订中的动机和意向阶段。第1阶段为前意向动机过程,涉及3个变量,即危险感知(对健康风险的认识)、结果预期(对目标行为结果的信念)和行动自我效能(对成功完成目标行为的信心);第2阶段为施行后意向阶段,重点在于制订行动和应对计划,包括行动的时间、地点和强度;第3阶段为行动阶段,强调恢复自我效能,即在失败后重新开始的信心。整个过程展示了自我效能在行为转化中的重要性。目前,该理论已被用于对众多人群健康行为改变的解释和干预,如饮食、锻炼活动、健康保健行为、癌症筛查等,且取得了良好效果[21-25]。
Donath等[16]基于科学理论开发了敏捷框架。该框架考虑了复杂的功能任务,主要包括2个方面。1)感知和决策:如视觉扫描、模式识别、预测。2)反应和方向的改变:如突然起步、停止和转向;反应控制;同心和离心收缩。该框架描述了一个模块化的训练方法,包括方向(切割、旋转)、突然起步(加速、减速)、力量(爆发性、反应性)、平衡(静态、动态)4个模块和8个成分。
采用主题词和自由词结合的方式进行检索,中文检索词为“敏捷性”“敏捷”“多成分”“多模式”“运动/训练/锻炼”,英文检索词为“agility”“agile”“multi component”“multimodal”“training”“exercise*”;检索数据库包括中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、CINAHL、Cochrane Library和EMbase,检索时限为建库至2024年12月31日。纳入标准:1)干预内容为敏捷运动或包含敏捷的多成分训练;2)结局指标为姿势控制、平衡能力、步行能力、活动能力、跌倒效能、跌倒发生率;3)文献类型为公开发表的随机对照试验(RCT)、类试验研究、试点研究;4)语言限定为中文或英文。排除标准:1)研究对象职业为运动员或年龄≤18岁;2)会议或会议摘要类文献;3)无法获得全文或结局指标结果报告不完整的研究。初步检索获得相关文献8 459篇,经查重和筛选后纳入文献18篇,包括随机对照试验13篇,试点研究3篇,类试验研究2篇。
组建课题小组,包括1名主任医师、3名副主任护师、3名主管护师、1名护师和1名康复师。小组成员均接受规范的科研培训,长期从事脑卒中病人治疗、护理和管理工作。根据敏捷框架和文献回顾结果,结合脑卒中病人实际情况,小组初步拟定亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案内容,包括停止和转向(切割)、突然起步(加速、减速)、力量(反应性)、平衡(静态、动态)4个元素和6个成分。根据亚急性期脑卒中病人的跌倒风险因素,拟定需要加强训练的模块,并将模块转换成特定的任务,包括各种步行、站立和反应任务训练,如半串联行走、并步走、交叉步行走、穿梭行走、Z字形行走、泡沫垫站立平衡训练及空间定向训练。考虑到脑卒中病人的功能水平将强度定位为低强度到中等强度。主要设备为带颜色锥桶、泡沫垫、音乐。强度改变通过调控速度、方向或者认知任务等实现,当能安全、顺利、准确完成时增加挑战。基于HAPA理论拟定包括3个阶段的亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案初稿。
函询问卷由3个部分组成。1)前言:介绍研究主题与目的,包括病人的纳入与排除标准、问卷填写注意事项。2)居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案及敏捷运动内容函询表:列出方案具体条目,邀请专家采用Likert 5级评分法对各条目的重要性进行评分,1分表示最不重要,5分表示最重要。并设置条目修改意见栏,专家可以提出对条目的增减和修改建议。3)专家基本情况调查表:收集专家的基本信息、专家熟悉程度与判断依据。
通过目的性抽样选取函询专家。纳入标准:1)在脑卒中或康复治疗相关领域具有10年及以上研究或临床工作经验;2)拥有本科及以上学历;3)取得中级及以上专业技术职称;4)知情并自愿参与本研究。排除标准:无法保证全程参与专家函询。最终共邀请来自北京、贵州等地三级甲等医院的18名专家,涵盖神经内科、康复医学科的临床医疗及护理专业领域。
通过微信或电子邮件向专家发放函询问卷。第1轮专家函询问卷回收后对函询结果进行统计、分析,根据各条目评分结果及专家意见进行条目修订,形成第2轮专家函询问卷。条目筛选原则为保留重要性均分>3.50分、变异系数(CV)<0.25且满分率≥20%的条目[26]。条目修改或增加原则为有2名及以上专家提出相似的修改建议,经小组讨论后进行修订。
采用Excel 2018进行数据录入,采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计分析。符合正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,定性资料以频数及百分比(%)表示。专家积极程度采用问卷有效回收率表示。专家权威程度采用权威系数(Cr)表示,Cr为专家熟悉程度系数(Cs)与判断依据系数(Ca)的算术平均数。专家意见协调程度采用CV和肯德尔专家协调系数(Kendall's W值)表示。专家意见集中程度采用重要性均分、满分率表示。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
共进行2轮专家函询,分别发放问卷18份和15份,回收有效问卷15份和15份,问卷有效回收率分别为83.33%和100.00%。专家一般资料见表1。
专家Ca为0.950,Cs为0.730,Cr为0.840。
2轮专家函询的Kendall's W值分别为0.333和0.300,均有统计学意义(χ2=154.859,P<0.001;χ2=166.549,P<0.001);各条目CV分别为0.05~0.25和0.05~0.23。
2轮专家函询条目重要性均分分别为3.67~4.93分和3.93~4.93分;满分率分别为20.0%~93.3%和33.3%~93.3%。
第1轮专家函询专家提出以下修改意见:1)增加安全指导;2)增加情景模拟活动的内容;3)减少每周运动频率;4)将冥想纳入放松活动;5)强调运动的重点在于耐力和平衡力;6)增加运动的安全原则;7)增加运动前的血压等评估;8)设定个性化运动方案及持续时间;9)提供出院后的督促指导;10)完善视频器材、指导语、手册中的计划表、强度自评指导语和运动日志。综合专家意见和建议,经课题小组讨论后,共增加三级条目6个,修改三级条目11个。第2轮专家函询仅对语言进行精炼,未增减条目。最终构建的亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案包括3个一级指标、8个二级指标、27个三级指标,详见表2。敏捷运动内容见表3。
敏捷框架的理论基础源于运动生理学和运动心理学,强调感知、决策、反应和方向改变在运动过程中的重要性。对于亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人,这些因素尤为关键,因为他们在恢复过程中需要重新建立运动协调性和认知能力[4,27]。目前,多模态敏捷框架已在多种疾病病人中得到应用,如Wolf等[19,28]通过对多发性硬化症病人的研究发现,基于多模态敏捷运动框架的敏捷运动训练不仅在身体和心理层面带来了双重益处,还提高了参与者的平衡能力;参与者普遍认为该训练方案具有多样性和趣味性,且在训练过程中未感到疲劳,这进一步增强了其可接受性和参与度。同时,已有研究结果显示,敏捷运动训练能够有效改善帕金森病病人的生活质量和运动症状,提升老年人步态和下肢力量[18,29-30]。可见,敏捷运动训练不仅适用于特定人群,还能作为一种有效的综合训练方法。这一方案不仅符合现代运动医学和康复领域要求,还能够有效满足病人需求,提升他们的运动参与度和生活质量,具有一定的有效性和适应性,可为病人的康复过程提供坚实基础。
为确保研究的专业知识体系完整,本研究遵循专家互补原则[31],选取了临床医生、康复师和脑卒中护理专家参与函询。专家领域覆盖广泛,意见具有全面性和代表性,为研究提供了坚实的专业支持。专家函询问卷有效回收率较高,表明专家积极性较高。本研究中专家Cr为0.840,表明专家对各条目提出的建议具有较高的权威性。经过2轮函询,各条目CV均<0.25,Kendall's W值为0.300(P<0.001),表明专家意见趋于一致。
HAPA理论认为,行为改变是一个动态过程,涉及意向前、意向和行动3个阶段[21-32]。基于该理论构建的亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案可以强化人们对跌倒严重性、相关因素及运动益处的理解,从而有利于提高个体对跌倒风险的认知,并鼓励他们采取相应的预防措施。这一过程强调了从帮助意向阶段向意向阶段的转变,有利于提升病人的行动自我效能感。已有研究表明,自我效能感可以有效帮助个体克服身体功能限制,从而改善整体健康状况和生活质量[33]。然而,随着居家时间延长,行动自我效能感往往会逐渐降低[34]。本研究构建的亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案鼓励照顾者参与培训和运动学习,为亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人提供居家运动支持,以持续维持自我效能感,增强病人参与度。朱金凤等[35]研究显示,实时反馈能够增强参与者的参与感和持久性,从而提高运动意愿。亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案通过微信定期评估病人的运动表现和健康状况,及时调整训练方案,有利于提升方案可行性。此外,本研究根据病人的身体状况和能力设计个性化的训练计划,以确保病人能耐受制订的运动方案。为确保运动过程的安全性、降低受伤风险,病人和照顾者会接受安全指导,学习跌倒后的应急处理措施。可见,基于HAPA理论的亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案具有可行性和安全性。
本研究基于HAPA理论及多模态敏捷框架,通过文献回顾及德尔菲专家函询等,开发了针对亚急性期缺血性脑卒中病人的居家敏捷运动跌倒预防方案,具有可靠性、科学性、可行性和安全性。后续需将方案进一步运用于临床,研究其对缺血性脑卒中病人跌倒预防的临床应用效果。

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2026年第40卷第6期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.018
  • 接收时间:2025-03-21
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21
  • 修回日期:2025-12-28
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    1贵州医科大学,贵州 550004
    2贵州医科大学附属医院
    3天津中医药大学

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王银花,E-mail:
WANG Yinhua, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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