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Article(id=1322168401846452894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168387082502716, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.012, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743609600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-03, revisedDate=1766505600000, revisedDateStr=2025-12-24, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159111700, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1774368000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159111700, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159111700, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159111700, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168387082502716, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='6', pageStart='881', pageEnd='1056', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1774368000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159108180, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159108180, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=971, endPage=976, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168403633226399, articleId=1322168401846452894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Design and development of an AI-based smart care platform for patients with mild cognitive impairment, columnId=1220689487877821128, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Interdisciplinary Nursing Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To design and develop a smart care platform for patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) that integrates artificial intelligence(AI) technologies.

Methods

A total of 554 MCI patients and their family caregivers were recruited from three community health service centers in Liuzhou city,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2022 to June 2024.Semi-structured interviews were conducted to clarify the functional requirements of the platform.The platform was developed using speech recognition,data analysis,and personalized recommendation technologies,which integrated functions such as intelligent schedule management,health monitoring,cognitive training,and data sharing.Patients' care compliance,cognitive training completion rates,occurrence of forgetfulness events,nursing information documentation completeness,and incidents of wandering or sudden health events before and after using the smart care platform were evaluated.Caregivers' care burden,anxiety levels,and the burden of high care workload before and after using the platform were evaluated.

Results

After using the platform,MCI patients showed higher care compliance,cognitive training completion rates,and nursing information record integrity,while experiencing lower incidence of memory lapse events,wandering or sudden health incidents compared to before platform use.Family caregivers demonstrated lower care burden scores,anxiety levels,and proportion reporting high care workload after platform use(P<0.001).

Conclusions

The smart care platform can provide personalized and continuous intelligent care support for MCI patients.It contributes to improve care service quality and keep better maintenance of patients' functional levels.

, authors=Mengyan LYU1, Qianbo SUN1, Jiaying CAI2, Lihua WEI1, authorsList=Mengyan LYU, Qianbo SUN, Jiaying CAI, Lihua WEI, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Jiaying CAI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
CAI Jiaying, E-mail:
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目的

构建融合人工智能（AI）技术的轻度认知障碍（MCI）病人智慧护理平台。

方法

于2022年1月—2024年6月，通过广西壮族自治区柳州市3所社区卫生服务中心招募554例MCI病人及其家庭照护者为研究对象。通过半结构化访谈明确平台功能定位，结合语音识别、数据分析和个性化推荐技术开发集智能日程管理、健康监控、认知训练与数据共享于一体的智慧护理平台。对智慧护理平台使用前后病人的护理依从性、认知训练完成度、遗忘事件发生情况、护理信息记录完整性、走失与突发健康事件发生情况及家庭照护者的照顾负担、焦虑水平、高护理工作量承担情况进行评估。

结果

平台使用后MCI病人的护理依从性、认知训练完成度、护理信息记录完整性高于平台使用前，遗忘事件发生率、走失及突发健康事件率低于平台使用前，家庭照顾者照顾负担、焦虑水平得分、高护理工作量比例低于平台使用前（P<0.001）。

结论

智慧护理平台可为MCI病人提供个性化、持续性的智能照护支持，有利于提升护理服务质量与病人功能维持水平。

, authors=吕孟彦1, 孙千博1, 蔡佳萤2, *, *, 韦丽华1, authorsList=吕孟彦, 孙千博, 蔡佳萤, 韦丽华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=蔡佳萤, authorNote=

吕孟彦，讲师，博士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
蔡佳萤，E-mail:
CAI Jiaying, E-mail:
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rfNumber=7, rfOrder=6, authorNames=GREEN M, WHITE A, journalName=Nursing & Health Sciences, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GREEN M,WHITE A.The role of personalized AI in improving dementia care:a systematic review[J].Nursing & Health Sciences,2020,22(3):550-557., articleTitle=The role of personalized AI in improving dementia care:a systematic review, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530246168007606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=37, issue=4, pageStart=38, pageEnd=42, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=8, rfOrder=7, authorNames=周静, 吴昊, journalName=解放军护理杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周静,吴昊.基于互联网+的老年认知障碍患者社区护理服务模式探讨[J].解放军护理杂志,2020,37(4):38-42., articleTitle=基于互联网+的老年认知障碍患者社区护理服务模式探讨, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530246251893687, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=37, issue=10, pageStart=1125, pageEnd=1130, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=9, rfOrder=8, authorNames=陈伟, 李明, journalName=护理研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈伟,李明.基于人工智能的护理决策支持系统研究进展[J].护理研究,2023,37(10):1125-1130., articleTitle=基于人工智能的护理决策支持系统研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530246319002552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=39, issue=7, pageStart=1068, pageEnd=1075, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=10, rfOrder=9, authorNames=田萌, 宋玉磊, 张薛晴, journalName=护理研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=田萌,宋玉磊,张薛晴,等.轻度认知障碍病人睡眠特征的潜在剖面分析及影响因素[J].护理研究,2025,39(7):1068-1075., articleTitle=轻度认知障碍病人睡眠特征的潜在剖面分析及影响因素, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530246390305721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=62, issue=10, pageStart=106, pageEnd=114, url=null, 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articleId=1322168401846452894, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Information architecture diagram of the smart care platform for MCI patients, figureFileSmall=bJ0qC0l8Rk2uA2nsyN6aKA==, figureFileBig=DyXQmJfGFuW8SdWgz6ozRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530244658058147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, language=CN, label=图1, caption=MCI病人智慧护理平台信息架构, figureFileSmall=bJ0qC0l8Rk2uA2nsyN6aKA==, figureFileBig=DyXQmJfGFuW8SdWgz6ozRQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530244746138532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Design strategies

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服务范围AI技术应用与服务功能服务对象
①日常活动与护理计划管理通过自然语言处理解析病人语音指令，自动更新日程安排；利用机器学习动态优化护理计划与任务MCI病人、家庭照护者
②健康与环境实时监控使用物联网技术实时采集病人生理数据（如心率、血糖、体温等）；结合计算机视觉分析环境数据（如温湿度、空气质量等）并识别异常触发警报MCI病人、家庭照护者
③数据记录与实时共享采用数据挖掘技术整理病人健康数据、病史和治疗进展；通过机器学习实现跨数据共享和安全存储，确保信息实时更新医生、护理人员、家庭照护者
④个性化认知训练与反馈基于深度学习制定个性化训练方案，动态调整训练难度并提供个性化反馈建议MCI病人、家庭照护者
⑤饮食与药物管理使用语音识别技术提醒病人按时进餐与服药，并结合行为识别算法监控饮食与药物服用情况，提供个性化建议MCI病人、家庭照护者
), ArticleFig(id=1322530244809053093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

设计策略

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服务范围AI技术应用与服务功能服务对象
①日常活动与护理计划管理通过自然语言处理解析病人语音指令，自动更新日程安排；利用机器学习动态优化护理计划与任务MCI病人、家庭照护者
②健康与环境实时监控使用物联网技术实时采集病人生理数据（如心率、血糖、体温等）；结合计算机视觉分析环境数据（如温湿度、空气质量等）并识别异常触发警报MCI病人、家庭照护者
③数据记录与实时共享采用数据挖掘技术整理病人健康数据、病史和治疗进展；通过机器学习实现跨数据共享和安全存储，确保信息实时更新医生、护理人员、家庭照护者
④个性化认知训练与反馈基于深度学习制定个性化训练方案，动态调整训练难度并提供个性化反馈建议MCI病人、家庭照护者
⑤饮食与药物管理使用语音识别技术提醒病人按时进餐与服药，并结合行为识别算法监控饮食与药物服用情况，提供个性化建议MCI病人、家庭照护者
), ArticleFig(id=1322530244892939174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Caregiver-side interface and service functions

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界面服务功能
智能病人日程管理界面①自动更新病人日程，支持语音操作
②提供语音脚本和录音回顾功能（需病人授权）
③结合语音和位置完整记录护理流程
④自动提醒照护者安排病人就医
健康与环境实时监控界面①实时跟踪病人健康指标，评估潜在风险
②监控环境变化，提示可能的风险因素
③异常情况自动警报，并提供应急建议
数据驱动智能护理管理界面①可视化病人健康数据，提供个性化健康建议
②结合数据推测认知状态，对比临床痴呆评定量表（CDR）评估结果
③实时反馈病人状态，优化护理决策支持
个性化认知训练与支持界面①定制个性化认知训练方案并提供实时指导
②实时共享训练结果，助力照护者掌握进展
), ArticleFig(id=1322530244976825255, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

家庭照护者端界面及其服务功能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
界面服务功能
智能病人日程管理界面①自动更新病人日程，支持语音操作
②提供语音脚本和录音回顾功能（需病人授权）
③结合语音和位置完整记录护理流程
④自动提醒照护者安排病人就医
健康与环境实时监控界面①实时跟踪病人健康指标，评估潜在风险
②监控环境变化，提示可能的风险因素
③异常情况自动警报，并提供应急建议
数据驱动智能护理管理界面①可视化病人健康数据，提供个性化健康建议
②结合数据推测认知状态，对比临床痴呆评定量表（CDR）评估结果
③实时反馈病人状态，优化护理决策支持
个性化认知训练与支持界面①定制个性化认知训练方案并提供实时指导
②实时共享训练结果，助力照护者掌握进展
), ArticleFig(id=1322530245060711336, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Patient-side interface and service functions

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界面服务功能
日程自动管理界面①根据病人语音数据更新日程并同步通知照护者
②提供语音脚本和录音回放功能
③记录日常活动和护理，实时优化日程安排
④就医时自动推荐照护者预约医院
状态与环境自动追踪界面①实时监控健康状态，提供应对建议
②异常情况自动通知照护者并指导处理
③提供健康与认知功能分析报告
④根据环境变化提醒优化居住条件
个性化认知训练推荐界面①跟踪认知训练进展，评估训练效果
②根据需求定制个性化训练方案，优化病人体验
饮食与用药管理界面①提醒用餐时间并提供个性化饮食建议
②提醒按时服药，并分析药物使用情况
), ArticleFig(id=1322530245127820201, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

病人端界面及其服务功能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
界面服务功能
日程自动管理界面①根据病人语音数据更新日程并同步通知照护者
②提供语音脚本和录音回放功能
③记录日常活动和护理，实时优化日程安排
④就医时自动推荐照护者预约医院
状态与环境自动追踪界面①实时监控健康状态，提供应对建议
②异常情况自动通知照护者并指导处理
③提供健康与认知功能分析报告
④根据环境变化提醒优化居住条件
个性化认知训练推荐界面①跟踪认知训练进展，评估训练效果
②根据需求定制个性化训练方案，优化病人体验
饮食与用药管理界面①提醒用餐时间并提供个性化饮食建议
②提醒按时服药，并分析药物使用情况
), ArticleFig(id=1322530245245260714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of patient care conditions and related events between two groups

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组别例数护理依从认知训练完成遗忘事件护理信息记录完整走失及突发健康事件
未使用平台组348157（45.1）134（38.5）277（79.6）134（38.5）87（25.0）
使用平台组206153（74.3）129（62.6）43（20.9）189（91.7）18（8.7）
χ2值58.2331.29186.57132.1828.64
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322530245320758187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

两组病人护理情况与相关事件比较

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组别例数护理依从认知训练完成遗忘事件护理信息记录完整走失及突发健康事件
未使用平台组348157（45.1）134（38.5）277（79.6）134（38.5）87（25.0）
使用平台组206153（74.3）129（62.6）43（20.9）189（91.7）18（8.7）
χ2值58.2331.29186.57132.1828.64
P<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322530245396255660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of family caregivers stress,anxiety,and workload between two groups

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组别人数CBI得分（x±s，分）GAD-7得分（x±s，分）承担高护理工作量[人（%）]
未使用平台组34848.3±9.611.2±3.9212（60.9）
使用平台组20628.1±7.87.0±3.163（30.6）
统计值t=26.74t=13.86χ2=45.32
P<0.001<0.001<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322530245467558829, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168401846452894, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

两组家庭照顾者压力、焦虑及工作量比较

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组别人数CBI得分（x±s，分）GAD-7得分（x±s，分）承担高护理工作量[人（%）]
未使用平台组34848.3±9.611.2±3.9212（60.9）
使用平台组20628.1±7.87.0±3.163（30.6）
统计值t=26.74t=13.86χ2=45.32
P<0.001<0.001<0.001
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基于人工智能的轻度认知障碍病人智慧护理平台的设计与开发
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吕孟彦 1 , 孙千博 1 , 蔡佳萤 2, *, * , 韦丽华 1
护理研究 | 交叉护理学研究 2026,40(6): 971-976
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护理研究 |交叉护理学研究 2026 , 40 (6) : 971 -976
基于人工智能的轻度认知障碍病人智慧护理平台的设计与开发
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吕孟彦1, 孙千博1, 蔡佳萤2, *, * , 韦丽华1
作者信息
  • 1广西科技大学人文艺术与设计学院，广西 545006
  • 2柳州工学院设计艺术学院
通讯作者:
蔡佳萤，E-mail:
CAI Jiaying, E-mail:
作者简介:

吕孟彦，讲师，博士研究生

Design and development of an AI-based smart care platform for patients with mild cognitive impairment
Mengyan LYU1, Qianbo SUN1, Jiaying CAI2 , Lihua WEI1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Humanities, Arts and Design, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Guangxi 545006 China
  • 2School of Design and Art, Liuzhou Institute of Technology
    • Corresponding Author:
    CAI Jiaying, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.012
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摘要
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目的

构建融合人工智能（AI）技术的轻度认知障碍（MCI）病人智慧护理平台。

方法

于2022年1月—2024年6月，通过广西壮族自治区柳州市3所社区卫生服务中心招募554例MCI病人及其家庭照护者为研究对象。通过半结构化访谈明确平台功能定位，结合语音识别、数据分析和个性化推荐技术开发集智能日程管理、健康监控、认知训练与数据共享于一体的智慧护理平台。对智慧护理平台使用前后病人的护理依从性、认知训练完成度、遗忘事件发生情况、护理信息记录完整性、走失与突发健康事件发生情况及家庭照护者的照顾负担、焦虑水平、高护理工作量承担情况进行评估。

结果

平台使用后MCI病人的护理依从性、认知训练完成度、护理信息记录完整性高于平台使用前，遗忘事件发生率、走失及突发健康事件率低于平台使用前，家庭照顾者照顾负担、焦虑水平得分、高护理工作量比例低于平台使用前（P<0.001）。

结论

智慧护理平台可为MCI病人提供个性化、持续性的智能照护支持，有利于提升护理服务质量与病人功能维持水平。

人工智能  /  轻度认知障碍  /  智慧护理平台  /  软件设计
Objective

To design and develop a smart care platform for patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI) that integrates artificial intelligence(AI) technologies.

Methods

A total of 554 MCI patients and their family caregivers were recruited from three community health service centers in Liuzhou city,Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2022 to June 2024.Semi-structured interviews were conducted to clarify the functional requirements of the platform.The platform was developed using speech recognition,data analysis,and personalized recommendation technologies,which integrated functions such as intelligent schedule management,health monitoring,cognitive training,and data sharing.Patients' care compliance,cognitive training completion rates,occurrence of forgetfulness events,nursing information documentation completeness,and incidents of wandering or sudden health events before and after using the smart care platform were evaluated.Caregivers' care burden,anxiety levels,and the burden of high care workload before and after using the platform were evaluated.

Results

After using the platform,MCI patients showed higher care compliance,cognitive training completion rates,and nursing information record integrity,while experiencing lower incidence of memory lapse events,wandering or sudden health incidents compared to before platform use.Family caregivers demonstrated lower care burden scores,anxiety levels,and proportion reporting high care workload after platform use(P<0.001).

Conclusions

The smart care platform can provide personalized and continuous intelligent care support for MCI patients.It contributes to improve care service quality and keep better maintenance of patients' functional levels.

artificial intelligence  /  mild cognitive impairment  /  smart care platform  /  software design
吕孟彦, 孙千博, 蔡佳萤, 韦丽华. 基于人工智能的轻度认知障碍病人智慧护理平台的设计与开发. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (6) : 971 -976 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.012
Mengyan LYU, Qianbo SUN, Jiaying CAI, Lihua WEI. Design and development of an AI-based smart care platform for patients with mild cognitive impairment[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (6) : 971 -976 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.012
正文
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轻度认知障碍（mild cognitive impairment,MCI）是一种介于正常老化与痴呆之间的过渡状态[1]，在我国60岁及以上人群中的患病率已超过15.5%，病人数量超过3 877万例，占全球MCI病人的51.7%[2]。已有研究结果显示，10%~20%的MCI病人可能在5年内发展为痴呆，而30%~50%的病人可维持认知稳定状态[3]。为应对这一挑战，《老年痴呆防治促进行动计划（2023—2025年）》[4]提出，要加强MCI病人的早期识别与干预，建立科学的护理体系，并推动人工智能（artificial intelligence，AI）和远程医疗技术的应用。当前家庭护理仍是MCI病人的主要照护模式，护理人员压力大、护理方案执行难度高等问题有待解决[5]。本研究设计并开发了一款基于AI的智慧护理平台，集成智能护理设备、数据分析与远程监控功能，旨在提供个性化护理服务，优化护理流程，加强社会支持，并有效减轻护理人员负担，助力病人长期健康管理。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
于2022年1月—2024年6月，通过广西壮族自治区柳州市谭中、柳钢、林溪社区卫生服务中心招募研究对象，招募采用社区宣传与医生推荐相结合的方式。研究采用成组纳入方式，MCI病人及其主要家庭照护者共同参与调查，完成调查的参与者获赠1份手掌按摩球作为感谢。病人纳入标准：年龄≥60岁；符合《中国认知障碍认知诊断治疗指南（五）》中MCI诊断标准[6]；日常生活能力（ADL）评定为完全独立、需轻微帮助；工具性日常生活活动能力（IADL）评定为非完全依赖。病人排除标准：存在严重的认知或精神异常；合并严重的肝功能障碍或恶性肿瘤。家庭照护者纳入标准：病人的主要照护者（包括配偶或子女）；年龄≥18岁；柳州市常住人口（居住时间≥6个月）；每日护理时间≥1 h，主要负责病人的日常护理、药品管理等。家庭照护者排除标准：非家庭成员照护者；患有严重的躯体或精神疾病，影响护理能力。最终纳入MCI病人554例、家庭照护者554人。MCI病人：男232例（41.9%），女322例（58.1%）；年龄（72.5±8.3）岁；日常生活能力为完全独立194例（35.0%），需轻微帮助360例（65.0%）；工具性日常生活活动能力为完全独立111例（20.0%），略有帮助277例（50.0%），需较大帮助166例（30.0%）；记忆障碍499例（90.1%）；语言障碍222例（40.1%）；执行功能障碍249例（44.9%）。家庭照护者：男139人（25.1%），女415人（74.9%）；年龄（56.2±10.5）岁；病人配偶249人（44.9%），病人子女305人（55.1%）；轻度照顾者负担222人（40.1%），中度照顾者负担249人（44.9%），重度照顾者负担83人（15.0%）；每日照护时间<3 h者166人（30.0%），3~5 h者222人（40.1%），>5 h者166人（30.0%）。MCI病人及其家庭照护者均自愿报名并签署知情同意书。
1.2　研究方法
1.2.1　组建研发团队
研发团队由8人组成，包括1名医疗产品设计教师，负责确定设计理念与功能设计；1名用户界面设计师，负责简洁直观的界面与交互功能设计；2名神经内科主管护师，负责问卷调研、内容审核及医疗规范把控；1名计算机编程工程师和3名计算机应用技术硕士研究生，负责程序开发与技术运用，确保平台的科学性与实用性。
1.2.2　进行半结构化访谈
1.2.2.1　设计访谈提纲
根据研究目的设计访谈提纲[7]。病人访谈提纲包括：1）日常生活与护理需求方面，您在日常生活（如穿衣、洗漱）和复杂活动（如购物、财务管理）中是否感到困难？需要哪些帮助？2）治疗决策过程方面，您的治疗方式如何确定？由谁主导决策？参考了哪些信息？这些信息是否有帮助？家庭照护者访谈提纲包括：1）照护内容与负担方面，您为病人提供了哪些帮助？在日常照护过程中是否存在困难或压力？2）满意度与服务需求方面，您对自身照护工作及现有支持服务是否满意？3）信息获取与心理支持方面，您通过哪些渠道获取护理信息？这些信息是否实用？在照护过程中是否感到焦虑、抑郁或有其他心理压力？希望获得哪些心理支持？4）智能护理工具期望方面，在使用智能护理工具时，希望它解决哪些实际问题或提升哪些功能？
1.2.2.2　选取访谈对象
通过广西壮族自治区柳州市谭中、柳钢、林溪社区卫生服务中心招募MCI病人及家庭照护者，纳入及排除标准同研究对象。最终纳入MCI病人84例、家庭照护者83人。MCI病人：男38例（45.2%），女46例（54.8%）；年龄（72.5±6.23）岁；日常生活能力为完全独立67例（79.8%），需轻微帮助17例（20.2%）；工具性日常生活活动能力为完全独立42例（50.0%），略有帮助25例（29.8%），需较大帮助17例（20.2%）；记忆障碍34例（40.5%）；语言障碍27例（32.1%）；执行功能障碍23例（27.4%）。家庭照护者：男31人（37.3%），女52人（62.7%）；年龄（48.2±7.45）岁；病人配偶50人（60.2%），病人子女33人（39.8%）；轻度照顾者负担24人（28.9%），中度照顾者负担43人（51.8%），重度照顾者负担16人（19.3%）；照护时间<3 h为16人（19.3%），3~5 h为34人（41.0%），>5 h为33人（39.8%）。
1.2.2.3　资料收集与整理
研究者向受访者说明研究目的、访谈时长及保密原则，并解释录音的必要性。在签署知情同意书后，选择安静私密的场所开展访谈并录音。访谈中，研究者专注倾听，记录受访者的表情、动作和语气变化，针对关键内容进行追问与澄清，确保信息真实、全面。访谈时长为20~40 min，达到信息饱和后结束。录音内容在访谈后24 h内转录为文字，并归纳整理相似需求或共性内容，以供进一步分析。
1.2.3　总结MCI病人智慧护理困境
调查结果显示，MCI病人在日常生活中面临多重挑战，尤其是在日程管理、记忆维持和注意力集中方面，常因遗忘重要事项或治疗时间影响导致生活混乱，逐渐失去独立性。家庭照护者承担着繁重的护理责任，需在个人事务与照护间进行权衡，同时还因病人情绪波动而承受心理压力。此外，在健康评估和应对突发状况时，照护者往往缺乏及时、准确的信息支持，进一步增加了护理工作的复杂性和不确定性。这些困境的根本原因在于病人认知功能退化且缺乏有效干预，而照护者因缺乏支持工具和信息资源难以满足病人需求，加剧了护理压力。
1.2.4　制定MCI病人智慧护理平台设计策略
针对MCI病人及其家庭照护者的护理困境，结合AI技术提出设计策略[8]，旨在优化病人日常管理内容、增强认知训练效果，并减轻照护者负担。具体内容见表1。
1.2.5　设计MCI病人智慧护理平台
1.2.5.1　信息架构
MCI病人智慧护理平台通过整合MCI病人的认知功能评估、治疗记录、护理数据及生活习惯信息，结合日常生活能力及工具性日常生活活动能力评估模型和AI技术，实现健康状态的动态监测与个性化护理计划生成。平台支持病人、家庭照护者、医疗机构和公共安全机构的实时数据共享，提供健康监测、异常警报及护理指导功能，确保快速响应病人需求，优化护理服务质量并减轻照护者负担[9]，见图1。
1.2.5.2　交互界面设计
MCI病人智慧护理平台设计了面向MCI病人和家庭照护者的双端界面，通过智能手机应用实现个性化服务。用户身份验证后，不同角色可访问专属功能模块，确保服务的针对性和便捷性。1）家庭照护者端：家庭照护者端界面注重信息的清晰呈现和操作的便捷性，配色柔和，使用体验舒适，其主要功能包括查看病人健康数据、进行认知训练反馈、给予护理记录和警报提示等，旨在帮助照护者实时掌握病人状况并高效管理护理任务，减轻日常护理负担。家庭照护者端具体界面及其服务功能见表2。2）病人端：病人端界面设计简洁明了，采用大字体和高对比度色彩，方便老年用户阅读和操作，其功能包括制定个性化的护理计划、实施日程提醒、进行健康监测和认知训练等，该端口界面支持用户通过语音或触控操作，旨在帮助病人提升自理能力并优化日常生活体验。病人端具体界面及其服务功能见表3。
1.3　评价指标
2022年1月—2023年12月纳入的348例MCI病人及其家庭照护者未使用MCI病人智慧护理平台，作为未使用平台组，2024年1月—6月纳入的206例MCI病人及其家庭照护者使用了MCI病人智慧护理平台，作为使用平台组。随访6个月，对病人的护理依从性、认知训练完成度、遗忘事件发生情况、护理信息记录完整性、走失与突发健康事件发生情况及家庭照护者的照顾负担、焦虑水平、高护理工作量承担情况进行评估[10]。1）护理依从性：护理依从性以护理执行率为基础进行判定，护理执行率=随访期内病人实际完成护理任务次数/应完成护理任务总次数×100%，护理执行率≥80%判定为护理依从。2）认知训练完成度：认知训练完成度=随访期内实际完成的认知训练次数/计划应完成的认知训练总次数×100%，完成比例≥80%判定为认知训练完成。3）遗忘事件发生情况：遗忘事件发生率=随访期内发生忘记服药、遗忘重要日程或迷路等事件≥1次的病例数/纳入随访的总病例数×100%。4）护理信息记录完整性：护理信息记录完整率=随访期内护理日志、健康监测及异常事件记录连续、齐全的病例数/纳入评估的总病例数×100%。5）走失与突发健康事件发生情况：走失与突发健康事件发生率=随访期内发生走失、跌倒或突发不适需紧急处理等事件≥1次的病例数/纳入随访的总病例数×100%。6）照顾负担：采用照护者负担量表（Caregiver Burden Inventory，CBI）进行测量，总分为0~96分，得分越高表示照护负担越重。7）焦虑水平：采用广泛性焦虑量表（Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7，GAD-7）评估，总分为0~21分，得分越高表示焦虑程度越重。8）高护理工作量承担情况：综合照护时间、护理任务复杂程度及主观负担感受判定护理工作量，高护理工作量比例=评估为高护理工作量的照护者人数/纳入评估的照护者总人数×100%。
1.4　统计学方法
采用SPSS 21.0进行统计学分析。定性资料以频数及百分比（%）表示，组间比较采用χ2检验；符合正态分布的定量资料以均数±标准差（x±s）表示，组间比较采用t检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义[11]。
2　结果
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2.1　两组病人护理情况与相关事件比较（见表4）
2.2　两组家庭照顾者压力、焦虑及工作量比较（见表5）
3　讨论
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3.1　平台有利于促进MCI病人自我管理
MCI病人智慧护理平台通过实时监测认知功能和健康状态，结合智能日程管理、个性化认知训练及健康数据分析，为病人提供精准护理建议，从而支持其维持日常生活独立性。本研究结果显示，使用平台组病人的护理依从性和认知训练完成情况改善，遗忘事件减少（P<0.001），提示平台能够有效缓解病人因认知退化导致的依从性下降问题，提升病人自我管理能力和生活质量。
3.2　平台有利于减轻照护者负担并增强家庭护理支持
平台通过健康监控、个性化提醒和实时反馈功能有效减轻家庭照护者压力。自动化提醒可以帮助照护者及时掌握病人状况并调整护理计划，数据共享功能可以提升决策能力，减少信息不对称带来的焦虑。本研究结果显示，使用平台组照护者的照顾负担和焦虑水平下降（P<0.001），表明平台在改善照护者心理负担、增强护理信心、提升家庭护理支持能力方面具有积极作用。
3.3　平台有利于提升护理决策支持与工作效率
平台通过整合多源健康数据，并基于评估结果自动生成个性化护理计划和预警信息，为护理人员提供高效、精准的决策支持。本研究结果显示，使用平台组护理信息记录完整性提高，高负荷护理工作量下降，病人走失及突发健康事件减少（P<0.001），表明该平台能够优化护理任务分配，降低护理差错风险，在提升整体护理效率和护理计划科学性的同时对保障病人安全也具有积极作用。
4　小结
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本研究开发的MCI病人智慧护理平台通过智能算法、个性化护理和实时数据反馈，优化了护理服务流程并改善了病人生活质量。目前，平台建设仍处于探索阶段，未来需进一步优化算法模型、提升数据采集精度，并完善与医疗机构、公共安全部门及社区服务机构的协同机制，构建多方联动的智慧护理生态体系，为病人提供更全面、持续的支持，最终提升病人生活独立性和护理服务质量。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.06.012
  • 接收时间：2025-04-03
  • 首发时间：2026-10-28
  • 出版时间：2026-03-25
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  • 收稿日期：2025-04-03
  • 修回日期：2025-12-24
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    1广西科技大学人文艺术与设计学院，广西 545006
    2柳州工学院设计艺术学院

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蔡佳萤，E-mail:
CAI Jiaying, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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