Article(id=1322168279217586950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168262247432815, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.014, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1742313600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-19, revisedDate=1763395200000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159082463, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159082463, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159082463, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159082463, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168262247432815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='5', pageStart='705', pageEnd='880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159078418, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159078418, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=807, endPage=813, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168279423107847, articleId=1322168279217586950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Development of a social integration scale for cancer patients and its reliability and validity test, columnId=1220689492655129450, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Scale Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To develop a social integration scale for cancer patients and test its reliability and validity,so as to provide a measurement tool for facilitating their successful return to society and implementing precise interventions.

Methods

The preliminary version of the scale was formulated through literature review,qualitative interviews,expert consultation, and cognitive interviews.A convenience sample of cancer patients from seven Grade A tertiary hospitals in Shanghai was surveyed between October 2024 and January 2025.The first round of surveying 250 cancer patients was used for exploratory factor analysis(EFA).The second round of surveying 235 cancer patients was used for confirmatory factor analysis(CFA).Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied for item selection,and the scale's reliability and validity were tested.

Results

The developed social integration scale for cancer patients comprises three dimensions: identity adaptation(6 items),interpersonal interaction(7 items),and activity participation(7 items),totaling 20 items.The cumulative variance contribution rate was 62.90%.The total scale's Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.944.The split-half reliability was 0.959.The test-retest reliability was 0.983.The average content validity index(S-CVI/Ave) was 0.960.Results from the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the main evaluation indices were within acceptable ranges.

Conclusions

The development process of the social integration scale for cancer patients was scientific and rigorous.Evaluation and validation demonstrate good reliability and validity,indicating it could used as an effective tool for assessing the level of social integration among cancer patients.

, authors=Jie WU1, Qile ZHOU2, Yuanyuan ZHANG3, Yan QIAN4, Yaqing ZHANG1, authorsList=Jie WU, Qile ZHOU, Yuanyuan ZHANG, Yan QIAN, Yaqing ZHANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuanyuan ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
ZHANG Yuanyuan, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168279678960392, articleId=1322168279217586950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=癌症病人社会融合量表的编制及信效度检验, columnId=1220689492902593405, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=量表研究, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

编制癌症病人社会融合量表并检验其信效度,为促进癌症病人顺利重返社会、实施精准干预提供测评工具。

方法

通过文献回顾、半结构化访谈、专家函询及认知性访谈等方法形成施测版量表。于2024年10月—2025年1月便利抽样上海市7所三级甲等医院的癌症病人进行调查。第1轮调查250例癌症病人用于探索性因子分析,第2轮调查235例癌症病人用于验证性因子分析。应用项目分析法、探索性因子分析进行条目筛选,并对该量表进行信效度检验。

结果

构建的癌症病人社会融合量表包括身份适应(6个条目)、人际交往(7个条目)、活动参与(7个条目)3个维度,共20个条目,累计方差贡献率为62.90%。总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.944,折半信度为0.959,重测信度为0.983,平均内容效度指数为0.960。验证性因子分析结果显示,主要评价指标均在合理范围内。

结论

癌症病人社会融合量表编制过程科学、严谨,经评价和验证后显示信效度良好,可作为测评癌症病人社会融合程度的有效工具。

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吴捷,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
张媛媛,E-mail:
ZHANG Yuanyuan, E-mail:
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赵慧敏, journalName=中华护理杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=延芝丽,杨支兰,赵慧敏,等.老年人内在能力评估量表的编制及信效度检验[J].中华护理杂志,2024,59(15):1852-1859., articleTitle=老年人内在能力评估量表的编制及信效度检验, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530188651507742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168279217586950, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=47, issue=1, pageStart=101, pageEnd=111, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=18, rfOrder=17, authorNames=PEMBROKE M, NEMETH L, journalName=Oncology Nursing Forum, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PEMBROKE M,NEMETH L.Instruments to evaluate self-management of radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer[J].Oncology Nursing Forum,2020,47(1):101-111., articleTitle=Instruments to evaluate self-management of radiation dermatitis in patients with breast cancer, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530188722810911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168279217586950, doi=null, pmid=null, 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label=Table 1, caption=

Factor loading matrix of the social integration scale for cancer patients (final version)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目社会参与人际交往身份适应
1)我坦然接受患癌事实0.1110.1920.731
2)我不因患癌感到自卑0.1670.1370.810
3)我接纳因病造成的身体变化0.2410.3450.627
4)我能主动了解疾病知识以更好康复0.1320.4220.639
5)我积极配合治疗和康复计划0.3170.2510.623
6)我努力保持健康的生活方式0.1970.1030.681
7)我不会因病逃避社交0.1930.6910.324
8)我不会因病在社交中感到不自在0.1890.7650.235
9)我重视人际关系的维护0.1910.7630.251
10)我乐于参加感兴趣的社交活动0.3910.6470.183
11)我和社交圈成员保持一定频率的互动0.3930.6950.157
12)我能和社交圈成员畅所欲言0.4300.6430.299
13)我和社交圈成员关系融洽0.4160.7030.182
14)我积极参与力所能及的家庭事务(如做家务、参与家庭决策)0.8060.2050.166
15)我努力承担家庭角色应尽的责任(如教育子女、照料父母)0.7460.1930.186
16)我努力为家庭贡献力量0.7380.2140.186
17)我始终关注社会动态0.6890.4030.161
18)我量力参加生产性活动(如工作、志愿服务、学习等)0.6420.3790.241
19)我量力参加休闲娱乐活动0.7160.3270.246
20)我努力回归社会以实现个人价值0.6610.1770.161
), ArticleFig(id=1322530184830496776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168279217586950, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

癌症病人社会融合程度量表(终版)因子载荷矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
条目社会参与人际交往身份适应
1)我坦然接受患癌事实0.1110.1920.731
2)我不因患癌感到自卑0.1670.1370.810
3)我接纳因病造成的身体变化0.2410.3450.627
4)我能主动了解疾病知识以更好康复0.1320.4220.639
5)我积极配合治疗和康复计划0.3170.2510.623
6)我努力保持健康的生活方式0.1970.1030.681
7)我不会因病逃避社交0.1930.6910.324
8)我不会因病在社交中感到不自在0.1890.7650.235
9)我重视人际关系的维护0.1910.7630.251
10)我乐于参加感兴趣的社交活动0.3910.6470.183
11)我和社交圈成员保持一定频率的互动0.3930.6950.157
12)我能和社交圈成员畅所欲言0.4300.6430.299
13)我和社交圈成员关系融洽0.4160.7030.182
14)我积极参与力所能及的家庭事务(如做家务、参与家庭决策)0.8060.2050.166
15)我努力承担家庭角色应尽的责任(如教育子女、照料父母)0.7460.1930.186
16)我努力为家庭贡献力量0.7380.2140.186
17)我始终关注社会动态0.6890.4030.161
18)我量力参加生产性活动(如工作、志愿服务、学习等)0.6420.3790.241
19)我量力参加休闲娱乐活动0.7160.3270.246
20)我努力回归社会以实现个人价值0.6610.1770.161
), ArticleFig(id=1322530185061183497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168279217586950, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of the confirmatory factor analysis model for the social integration scale for cancer patients(final version)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检验量分类参考标准模型结果适配度判断
基本适配度检验无负误差变异量均为正数是
因子载荷0.50~0.950.60~0.85是
标准误不高0.01~0.05是
绝对适配度指数χ2/df<5.002.085是
增值适配度指数SRMR<0.080.051是
RMSEA<0.080.066是
NFI>0.900.903是
IFI>0.900.941是
TLI>0.900.931是
CFI>0.900.941是
简约适配度指数PNFI>0.500.766是
PCFI>0.500.807是
), ArticleFig(id=1322530185128292362, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168279217586950, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

癌症病人社会融合程度量表(终版)验证性因子分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
检验量分类参考标准模型结果适配度判断
基本适配度检验无负误差变异量均为正数是
因子载荷0.50~0.950.60~0.85是
标准误不高0.01~0.05是
绝对适配度指数χ2/df<5.002.085是
增值适配度指数SRMR<0.080.051是
RMSEA<0.080.066是
NFI>0.900.903是
IFI>0.900.941是
TLI>0.900.931是
CFI>0.900.941是
简约适配度指数PNFI>0.500.766是
PCFI>0.500.807是
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癌症病人社会融合量表的编制及信效度检验
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吴捷 1 , 周祺乐 2 , 张媛媛 3, *, * , 钱艳 4 , 章雅青 1
护理研究 | 量表研究 2026,40(5): 807-813
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护理研究 |量表研究 2026 , 40 (5) : 807 -813
癌症病人社会融合量表的编制及信效度检验
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吴捷1, 周祺乐2, 张媛媛3, *, * , 钱艳4, 章雅青1
作者信息
  • 1上海交通大学护理学院,上海 200025
  • 2上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院
  • 3上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院
  • 4上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院
通讯作者:
张媛媛,E-mail:
ZHANG Yuanyuan, E-mail:
作者简介:

吴捷,硕士研究生

Development of a social integration scale for cancer patients and its reliability and validity test
Jie WU1, Qile ZHOU2, Yuanyuan ZHANG3 , Yan QIAN4, Yaqing ZHANG1
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200025 China
  • 2Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
  • 3Shanghai General Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
  • 4Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
  • Corresponding Author:
    ZHANG Yuanyuan, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.014
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目的

编制癌症病人社会融合量表并检验其信效度,为促进癌症病人顺利重返社会、实施精准干预提供测评工具。

方法

通过文献回顾、半结构化访谈、专家函询及认知性访谈等方法形成施测版量表。于2024年10月—2025年1月便利抽样上海市7所三级甲等医院的癌症病人进行调查。第1轮调查250例癌症病人用于探索性因子分析,第2轮调查235例癌症病人用于验证性因子分析。应用项目分析法、探索性因子分析进行条目筛选,并对该量表进行信效度检验。

结果

构建的癌症病人社会融合量表包括身份适应(6个条目)、人际交往(7个条目)、活动参与(7个条目)3个维度,共20个条目,累计方差贡献率为62.90%。总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.944,折半信度为0.959,重测信度为0.983,平均内容效度指数为0.960。验证性因子分析结果显示,主要评价指标均在合理范围内。

结论

癌症病人社会融合量表编制过程科学、严谨,经评价和验证后显示信效度良好,可作为测评癌症病人社会融合程度的有效工具。

癌症  /  社会融合  /  量表  /  评估工具  /  信度  /  效度  /  德尔菲法
Objective

To develop a social integration scale for cancer patients and test its reliability and validity,so as to provide a measurement tool for facilitating their successful return to society and implementing precise interventions.

Methods

The preliminary version of the scale was formulated through literature review,qualitative interviews,expert consultation, and cognitive interviews.A convenience sample of cancer patients from seven Grade A tertiary hospitals in Shanghai was surveyed between October 2024 and January 2025.The first round of surveying 250 cancer patients was used for exploratory factor analysis(EFA).The second round of surveying 235 cancer patients was used for confirmatory factor analysis(CFA).Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied for item selection,and the scale's reliability and validity were tested.

Results

The developed social integration scale for cancer patients comprises three dimensions: identity adaptation(6 items),interpersonal interaction(7 items),and activity participation(7 items),totaling 20 items.The cumulative variance contribution rate was 62.90%.The total scale's Cronbach's α coefficient was 0.944.The split-half reliability was 0.959.The test-retest reliability was 0.983.The average content validity index(S-CVI/Ave) was 0.960.Results from the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the main evaluation indices were within acceptable ranges.

Conclusions

The development process of the social integration scale for cancer patients was scientific and rigorous.Evaluation and validation demonstrate good reliability and validity,indicating it could used as an effective tool for assessing the level of social integration among cancer patients.

cancer  /  social integration  /  scale  /  assessment tool  /  reliability  /  validity  /  Delphi technique
吴捷, 周祺乐, 张媛媛, 钱艳, 章雅青. 癌症病人社会融合量表的编制及信效度检验. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (5) : 807 -813 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.014
Jie WU, Qile ZHOU, Yuanyuan ZHANG, Yan QIAN, Yaqing ZHANG. Development of a social integration scale for cancer patients and its reliability and validity test[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (5) : 807 -813 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.014
随着癌症人群的持续扩大[1]和生存率的逐年上升[2],越来越多的癌症病人需要长期与癌症共存。在此过程中,良好的社会心理状态对癌症病人实现全面康复意义重大[3]。社会融合旨在恢复身体健康的同时兼具积极乐观的心态,并践行社会角色以回归社会[4-5]。有研究表明,癌症病人顺利融入社会不仅能有效降低发病率和死亡率[6]、促进健康结局,还能减轻照顾者的照护负担[7],同时节约医疗资源,为社会发展提供劳动力[8]。促进癌症病人社会融合的前提是对该人群社会融合水平进行评估,从而发现不足并提供干预。然而,当前尚未就癌症病人社会融合测评工具达成共识。国外学者对于癌症病人社会融合的研究开展较为广泛[9-10],但测评工具多为普适性量表,不能反映癌症病人人群的特异性;且量表的构建多基于经验,未能全面评估癌症病人社会融合程度。国内关于癌症病人社会融合的研究尚处于起步阶段,尚未检索到相关测评工具的开发。因此,本研究旨在通过文献分析法、半结构化访谈法、德尔菲专家函询法和认知性访谈法建立癌症病人社会融合量表并进行信效度检验,以期对癌症病人的社会融合程度进行科学严谨的全面测评,为后续医护人员、社会工作者等对癌症病人社会融合实施干预提供参考。
系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、EMbase、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、PsycInfo、Scopus数据库。中文检索词包括:“社会融合/社会融入/社会整合/融入社会”“肿瘤/癌症”,英文检索词包括“cancer/tumor/neoplasm/carcinoma/malignancy/lymphoma/leukemia”“integration/social integration/social reintegration/community integration/return to social/socialization/social participation/social relationship”“patient/ survivor”等。文献检索时间为建库至2023年10月30日,纳入涉及癌症病人社会融合主题的中英文文献28篇,凝练相关内容作为条目池基础。
采用目的抽样法,遵循差异最大化原则,于2023年11月—2024年3月选择上海市5所三级甲等医院就诊的不同性别、年龄、婚姻状态、文化程度、癌症类型、确诊时长等癌症病人进行访谈,了解其社会融合的体验和经历,以进一步丰富条目池。纳入标准:临床诊断为恶性肿瘤;年龄≥18岁;知晓自身病情诊断;了解本研究目的,自愿参加本研究,并签署知情同意书。排除标准:明确诊断为认知障碍;明确诊断为抑郁、焦虑等精神疾病;合并其他系统并发症,病情危重;语言沟通障碍。访谈提纲:1)您能描述下您的患病经历吗?2)患病后,您的生活发生了哪些变化?为什么?3)您能描述一下现在的社会交往情况吗?有哪些不同?您的心态如何?4)患病后,您有参加哪些社会活动?类型、持续时间、频率如何?5)患病后,您觉得如何才能恢复正常的生活秩序?您是如何理解社会融合的?6)患病后,您在回归社会的过程中做了哪些努力?得到了哪些类型的帮助?遇到了来自哪些方面的困难?采取什么措施应对?7)除了上述问题,您认为哪些因素会影响您重返社会?是如何影响您的?访谈结束后24 h内将录音转为书面文字,采用内容分析法分析资料。样本量以资料达到饱和为标准。本研究已通过上海交通大学医学院公共卫生及护理科研伦理委员会审批(审批号:SJUPN-HY-202312-22-KS1)。
结合文献回顾和半结构化访谈的结果,经研究小组反复讨论,删除语义重复、指代不明、含混不清等条目,并对表述进行了调整,以更加简洁凝练、适合癌症病人作答,提取3个维度、27个条目作为癌症病人社会融合量表的条目池,分别是身份适应(9个条目)、人际交往(9个条目)、活动参与(9个条目)。
采用目的抽样法于2024年6月—8月邀请15名专家对癌症病人社会融合初始量表进行函询。专家纳入标准:1)在社会融合、肿瘤护理、社会学、心理学、量表编制等领域开展研究;2)工作年限≥10年;3)硕士研究生及以上;4)中级及以上职称;5)专家知情同意。经电子邮件发送函询问卷,请专家在2周内给予回复。专家对条目的判断依据和熟悉程度进行自我评价,对重要性采用Likert 5级评分法,从“很不重要”到“很重要”依次赋值1~5分,并设置可自由填写的板块用于采集专家的开放性意见或修订建议。删除重要性均数<4分、变异系数>0.25的条目,并综合专家意见对条目进行增删、合并和修改等。第2轮函询后,专家意见趋于一致,结束函询。
2024年9月,采用目的抽样法,选择上海市5所三级甲等医院就诊的11例癌症病人开展2轮认知性访谈,以评估量表在癌症病人中应用的可行性,减少研究者与目标人群对条目的理解偏差,进一步完善量表。研究对象的纳入排除标准同半结构式访谈阶段,其中第1轮访谈5例,第2轮访谈6例,当资料饱和时停止访谈。访谈提纲如下。1)具体条目探查,①理解性:您是如何理解该条目的?是否有不清楚的词汇?如何修改能让您更好理解?②舒适性:您觉得这个条目较容易回答还是较难回答?有没有使您觉得不舒服的用词或表述?如何修改更合适?③相关性:您认为该条目与评估癌症病人社会融合相关吗?2)整体量表探查,①适用性:您认为癌症病人社会融合程度量表设计、字体、长度等整体如何?②全面性:您认为癌症病人社会融合主题下有哪些条目需要补充或删减?
于2024年10月—2025年1月,分两阶段便利抽取上海市7所三级甲等医院的癌症病人进行调查,纳入和排除标准同半结构化访谈。第1阶段选择的样本用于探索性因子分析,第2阶段选择的样本用于验证性因子分析。施测版量表条目数共23项,因子分析所需样本量为条目数的5~10倍[11],并考虑到15%的无效回收率,最终纳入485例病人。
1)一般资料调查表。由研究者自行设计,包含人口学变量如年龄、性别、婚姻状态、受教育程度、经济水平,疾病相关变量如患病年限、癌症类型、疾病分期等信息;2)癌症病人社会融合量表(施测版)。采用自评形式和Likert 5级计分法,完全不符合计1分,完全符合计5分,所有题项均为正向计分,分数越高,代表该癌症病人的社会融合程度越高。
选取并联系调研医院,获得同意与配合后进行问卷发放。问卷发放前向研究对象说明此次调查的目的、意义、权益等,并签署知情同意书,当场回收问卷。由于重测信度的测试需要,研究者在征得病人同意后,对其中30例病人在2周后进行了第2轮的测试。
应用Excel软件建立数据库,联合SPSS 25.0和AMOS 26.0软件对数据进行处理与分析。定性资料采用频数、百分比(%)表述,符合正态分布的定量资料采取均数±标准差(x±s)描述,检验水准α=0.05。采用专家函询问卷的回收率表示专家的积极系数,≥70%视为专家积极性高[12];采用专家权威系数(Cr)值评价函询的可靠性,一般认为Cr>0.70是可被接受的,Cr>0.80则代表专家权威程度高[12]。
1)相关系数法:通过Pearson相关性分析检验条目得分与问卷总分间的相关性。若相关系数<0.4或相关性未达到统计学意义,则考虑删去[13]。2)临界比值法:以量表总得分按升序排列后,得分前27%作为低分组,后27%为高分组,进行独立样本t检验,剔除临界比<3.00且P>0.05的条目[13]。
主要通过内容效度和结构效度进行评价,用于衡量该量表的准确性及有效性。1)内容效度:根据专家评判对其进行评价,以量表条目水平的内容效度指数(I-CVI)≥0.78与量表平均内容效度指数(S-CVI/Ave)≥0.90作为保留标准[14];2)结构效度:使用KMO样本适合性检验和Bartlett's球形检验判断数据是否适宜进行探索性因子分析。使用主成分分析法提取特征根>1的因子,并以因子载荷>0.40确定条目的因子归属[15];验证性因子分析则采用卡方自由度比(χ2/df)、渐进残差均方和平方根(RMSEA)、适配度指数(GFI)、调整后适配度指数(AGFI)、规准适配指数(NFI)、增值适配指数(IFI)和比较适配指数(CFI)等数值来表示模型拟合程度[16]。
当Cronbach's α系数>0.70、Spearman-Brown折半系数>0.70,表示量表内部具有良好的一致性;重测信度>0.70时,则表示量表具有良好的时间稳定性[17]。
本研究共咨询15名肿瘤护理、社会心理、量表编制及社会融合领域的临床及高校专家。专家来自上海市、山东省、江苏省、北京市、河南省、陕西省,年龄33~62岁,工作年限10~40年;其中高级职称12人,副高级职称2人,中级职称1人;13名专家具有博士研究生学历。
2轮专家函询的问卷回收率均为100.00%,提意见率分别为100.00%和66.67%,说明专家的积极性高。2轮函询的专家判断依据(Ca)分别为0.927和0.940,专家熟悉程度(Cs)值为0.867和0.880,计算得Cr为0.897和0.910。
第1轮函询量表条目的重要性均值为3.80~4.93分,肯德尔和谐系数为0.207(P<0.01),变异系数为0.05~0.22;第2轮函询中,量表条目的重要性均值为4.47~5.00分,肯德尔和谐系数为0.223(P<0.01),变异系数为0.00~0.14。
第1轮函询时,2个条目的重要性均值<4分予以删除。同时专家对于条目的全面性给予补充,并从病人作答难度、语句措辞的可理解性、对应内涵的唯一性以及语句的简洁性等方面提出了建议。综合考虑后经课题组讨论共删除6个条目,增加2个条目,修改5个条目。例如专家认为,虽然癌症病人主观态度的焦虑、抑郁会影响睡眠质量,延迟其康复,阻碍其顺利回归社会,但部分疾病及药物因素也会导致该人群难以入睡,因此建议删除条目“我没有因为患病而焦虑难眠”。同时,将条目“我作为家庭一分子的家庭角色没有因为患病而发生改变”改为“我尽量承担家庭责任”,精简表述。此外,专家认为对社会事务的关注是癌症病人与社会接轨的表现,建议增加“我始终关注社会动态。”第2轮函询中,所有条目的重要性均值>4分,变异系数均<0.20分,根据专家建议,对个别条目修改了措辞、给予补充举例及说明,共修改6个条目,形成的癌症病人社会融合量表初版共23个条目,其中身份适应8个条目、人际交往7个条目、活动参与8个条目。
受访者认为部分条目表述存在模糊,可予以解释说明,所有条目未涉及隐私信息,量表的条目较全面,与癌症病人社会融合高度相关。基于受访者建议,课题组经讨论后对量表的条目进行修改和语言润色,例如将“我努力承担家庭角色应尽的责任”改为“我努力承担家庭角色应尽的责任(如教育子女、照料父母)”,未进行条目的增加、删除和合并,最终形成癌症病人社会融合量表(施测版),包括3个维度、23个条目,分别为身份适应(8个条目)、人际交往(7个条目)、社会参与(8个条目)。
第1阶段纳入250例癌症病人,有效问卷回收率为94.70%,命名为样本一(n=250);第2阶段纳入235例癌症病人,有效问卷回收率为89.02%,命名为样本二(n=235),其中样本一用于项目分析、探索性因子分析,样本二则用于验证性因子分析。样本一:男121例,女129例;18~<45岁88例,45~<60岁66例,≥60岁96例;消化系统肿瘤76例,血液系统肿瘤45例,生殖系统肿瘤42例,头颈癌26例,肺癌25例,乳腺癌20例,其他类型肿瘤16例;未婚26例,已婚200例,离异或丧偶24例。样本二:男110例,女125例;18~<45岁88例,45~<60岁67例,≥60岁80例;消化系统肿瘤67例,血液系统肿瘤39例,生殖系统肿瘤51例,头颈癌23 例,肺癌22例,乳腺癌19例,其他类型肿瘤14例;未婚20例,已婚200例,离异或丧偶15例。
Pearson相关性分析表明,各条目得分与社会融合量表总分间相关系数为0.514~0.811,且均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。将250份样本按照社会融合得分由低到高排序,得分为前27%的高分组分界值为80分,含72例病人,得分为后27%的低分组分界值为63分,共67例病人。检验结果显示所有条目的t值均>3,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.001)。综上所述,保留23个条目以进一步检验。
结果显示,I-CVI为0.930~1.000,总量表的S-CVI/Ave为0.960,说明具有较好的内容效度。
利用样本一,对经项目分析后的23个条目进行探索性因子分析。第1次探索性因子分析的结果显示,KMO样本适合性检验的结果为0.939,Bartlett's球形检验χ2值3 634.198,有统计学意义(P<0.001),适合做探索性因子分析。研究者采用主成分分析和方差最大正交旋转在没有限定因子个数的条件下提取因子,产生特征值>1的因子3个,累计方差贡献率为61.23%,条目4、条目5和条目18未进入预期因子内。经课题组讨论,认为3个条目不符合预期维度且实践意义不大可予以删除。依次删除3个条目后最终得到KMO样本适合性检验的结果为0.949,Bartlett's球形检验χ2值3 070.467,有统计学意义(P<0.001),适合做探索性因子分析。最终提取特征值>1的因子3个,累计方差贡献率为62.90%,碎石图结果显示,第3个因子之后坡度趋于平缓,综合考虑特征值和碎石图结果,最终确定了3个因子,符合预期假设,见表1。最终形成3个维度、20个条目的癌症病人社会融合程度量表(终版),其中身份适应包括6个条目、人际交往包括7个条目、社会参与包括7个条目。具体见表1。利用样本二,对量表保留的20个条目进行验证性因子分析,结果显示,模型拟合程度良好,具体见表2。
结果显示,该量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.944,各维度的Cronbach's α系数分别为0.847,0.895,0.910。量表的Spearman-Brown折半系数为0.959。总量表的重测信度为0.983,各维度的重测信度分别为0.962,0.969,0.978。
癌症病人社会融合程度量表的形成过程科学严谨。课题组通过广泛的国内外文献库的查阅筛选,在系统的文献分析中提炼与癌症病人社会融合测评相关的表述,并对含义相近量表进行了借鉴。同时,采用半结构化访谈进一步补充癌症病人社会融合概念的内涵,归纳一对一深入访谈过程中癌症病人社会融合的真实体验和感受,提取能测评社会融合程度的语句,提高癌症病人人群的针对性和适用性。文献回顾和半结构化访谈部分相互补充,从理论和实践的双视角入手,使得癌症病人社会融合程度量表的条目池形成更加系统全面。
癌症病人社会融合是一个涉及多学科的复杂概念,而函询专家来自不同领域,多元化的学科背景保证了函询结果的可靠性。同时,本研究选择的15名函询专家来自不同省市和地区,具有良好的地域代表性,进一步增加了概念结构的推广度。并且,专家既有高校教授也有临床医护工作者,能从临床实践和理论指导两方面对癌症病人社会融合概念结构进行评价,使其兼具临床意义和理论价值。除此之外,专家在本领域的工作经验丰富,多数专家工作年限>20年且为博士研究生,超过2/3的专家具有正高级职称,代表性较好,满足德尔菲函询专家质量要求。本研究2轮专家函询的问卷回收率均为100.00%,专家权威系数均为0.897和0.910,提示专家的参与积极性高,且对咨询内容有较高的信心和掌握度[12]。肯德尔和谐系数由第1轮的0.207提高至第2轮的0.223,均有统计学意义,表明专家意见的可靠性逐渐增强。在第2轮咨询时,专家已达成基本共识,所有指标重要性均分>4.0分,变异系数<0.25;除了措辞细节润色之外,无重大修改建议,提示量表具有较好的概念相关性和全面性。结果表明函询结果有效,量表测量内容客观、全面。此外,本研究从癌症病人视角对条目内容进行认知性访谈,并就参与者所反馈的部分条目不适用、举例说明无必要、少数条目可理解性不足等问题进行逐点修订,保证了在后续实际应用阶段具有良好的可读性和实用性
本研究首先通过项目分析进行初步条目筛选,以保证量表条目具有良好的代表性、独立性与敏感性。量表信度是反映测得结果的一致性与稳定性。本研究总量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.944,各维度的Cronbach's α系数为0.847~0.910,说明量表的内在一致性良好[18]。2周后的重测信度为0.983,折半信度为0.959,均符合标准,说明量表具有较好的跨时间稳定性及内部相关性。说明量表具有较好的信度。量表效度则是反映测量结果的准确性及有效性,本研究分别从内容效度和结构效度两方面对其进行评价。I-CVI为0.93~1.00,S-CVI/Ave为0.96,表明量表内容效度较好,说明专家对量表内容与癌症病人社会融合行为之间的关联性认可度较高。在探索性因子分析中,当公因子累积方差贡献率达到60%以上,且各条目在某个公因子上的因子载荷量较高,而在其他公因子上的载荷较低,则表示结构效度良好。探索性因子分析后,提取到3个公因子,与量表预设框架基本相符,累积方差贡献率为62.90%,因子载荷量均>0.50,说明量表结构合理。验证性因子分析结果显示,3个因子结构模型结构稳定,各项模型适配指标均在理想范围内。
应用量表测评癌症病人社会融合水平,能精准挖掘该人群的普遍社会心理问题,并监测康复进程中的社会心理状态动态变化轨迹,应用于后续的干预指导。已有研究证明,癌症病人的社会融合与生活质量息息相关[19],良好的社会融合能够让病人感受到社会支持和归属感,增强心理韧性,有助于其享受高质量的生活。并且,通过测评工具的评估能了解癌症病人治疗康复过程中的心理社会需求,既为医护和社会工作者制定精准的干预策略提供依据,也有助于卫生部门和医疗机构合理配置医疗资源,同时为有关政府部门制定相关政策提供参考,如进一步完善癌症病人的就业扶持政策和社会保障政策等,多部门合力形成照护者-医护人员-社会工作者-医院-政府的全方位支持系统,共同助力癌症病人融入社会。此外,测评工具的构建作为后续实证研究的基石,也便于学术研究的纵向深入开展和横向比较。
本研究基于文献回顾、质性访谈、专家函询和认知性访谈初步研制了癌症病人社会融合量表,并对其进行信效度检验,最终形成包含身份适应(6个条目)、人际交往(7个条目)、活动参与(7个条目)共3个维度、20个条目的量表,较为全面地涵盖了癌症病人社会融合表现,具有一定的科学性、可靠性和实用性。因此,该量表可作为评估癌症病人社会融合水平的评估工具,为日后开展高效、精准的干预措施提供参考。但本研究仅在上海市进行抽样,代表性受到限制,未来可以进行多中心、大样本研究,对量表的适用性和稳定性进一步评估。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.014
  • 接收时间:2025-03-19
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-19
  • 修回日期:2025-11-18
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    1上海交通大学护理学院,上海 200025
    2上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院
    3上海交通大学医学院附属第一人民医院
    4上海交通大学医学院附属第六人民医院

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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