Article(id=1322168508117537054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168262247432815, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1740153600000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-22, revisedDate=1764432000000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-30, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159137038, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159137038, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159137038, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159137038, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168262247432815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='5', pageStart='705', pageEnd='880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159078418, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159078418, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=732, endPage=739, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168508352418079, articleId=1322168508117537054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Association between obesity and frailty in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly people in China, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the association between general obesity,central obesity,and frailty among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.

Methods

Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) in 2013,2015,and 2018,2 696 individuals aged 45 and above were included.Information on demographic characteristics,self-reported health-related factors,and current disease status was collected.Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to examine the association between general obesity,central obesity,and frailty in the middle-aged and elderly population.

Results

The mean age of the 2 696 participants was (61.94±8.74) years, with a body mass index(BMI) of (24.34±8.71) kg/m² and a waist circumference of (87.84±9.05) cm.The prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty among the middle-aged and elderly was 41.95% and 1.26%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis,after adjusting for confounding factors,showed that age 60-69 [OR=1.58,95%CI(1.18,2.11)],age≥70 [OR=1.60,95%CI(1.15,2.25)],central obesity[OR=1.71,95%CI(1.32,2.22)],general obesity group[OR=1.48,95%CI(1.11,1.98)],urban residence[OR=0.61,95%CI(0.46,0.81)],participation in social activities[OR=0.66,95%CI(0.51,0.85)],and absence of comorbidities[OR=0.02,95%CI(0.02,0.03)] were associated with frailty.Restricted cubic spline fitting of the multiple Logistic regression model revealed that there was a non-linear relationship between waist circumference and the risk of frailty in both men and women(Pnonlinear<0.05),and a non-linear relationship between BMI and the risk of frailty in women(Pnonlinear<0.05).

Conclusions

General obesity and central obesity are risk factors for frailty in the middle-aged and elderly population in China,and this association exhibits sex differences.In women,both general obesity and central obesity are associated with an increased risk of frailty,whereas in men,only central obesity is linked to an elevated frailty risk..

, authors=Yao LI1, 2, Min XIA1, 3, Xiaomin CHEN3, Yimei WU3, Yuqing ZHAO2, Guozeng ZHANG2, Qian WU1, authorsList=Yao LI, Min XIA, Xiaomin CHEN, Yimei WU, Yuqing ZHAO, Guozeng ZHANG, Qian WU, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qian WU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
WU Qian, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168510961275176, articleId=1322168508117537054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=中国社区中老年人肥胖与衰弱的关系研究, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨中国中老年人群一般性肥胖、中心性肥胖与衰弱的关联。

方法

基于中国健康与养老追踪调查项目(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2013年、2015年和2018年数据,纳入2 696名45岁及以上中老年人,收集调查对象的人口学特征、健康相关自我报告、现患疾病情况等信息。采用多因素Logistic回归分析和限制性立方样条分析中老年人群一般性肥胖、中心性肥胖与衰弱的关联。

结果

2 696名中老年人的年龄为(61.94±8.74)岁,体质指数(BMI)为(24.34±8.71)kg/m2,腰围为(87.84±9.05)cm;中老年人衰弱前期及衰弱的发生率分别为41.95%和1.26%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,调整混杂因素后,年龄60~<70岁[OR=1.58,95%CI(1.18,2.11)]、年龄≥70岁[OR=1.60,95%CI(1.15,2.25)]、中心性肥胖[OR=1.71,95%CI(1.32,2.22)]、一般性肥胖[OR=1.48,95%CI(1.11,1.98)]、居住地为城镇[OR=0.61,95%CI(0.46,0.81)]、有社会活动[OR=0.66,95%CI(0.51,0.85)]、无合并症[OR=0.02,95%CI(0.02,0.03)]与衰弱存在关联。限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析结果显示,男性与女性的腰围均与衰弱发生风险之间呈现非线性关系(Pnonlinear<0.05),女性的BMI与衰弱发生风险之间呈现非线性关系(Pnonlinear<0.05)。

结论

一般性肥胖和中心性肥胖是我国中老年人群衰弱的危险因素,且此关联存在性别差异。在女性中,一般性肥胖和中心性肥胖均与衰弱风险增加有关;在男性中,仅观察到中心性肥胖与衰弱风险的关联。

, authors=李垚1, 2, 夏敏1, 3, 陈小敏3, 吴逸梅3, 赵雨晴2, 张国增2, 吴茜1, *, *, authorsList=李垚, 夏敏, 陈小敏, 吴逸梅, 赵雨晴, 张国增, 吴茜, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=吴茜, authorNote=

李垚,护士,硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
吴茜,E-mail:
WU Qian, E-mail:
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elderly living at home, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1322530531246457690, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168508117537054, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=34, issue=9, pageStart=3372, pageEnd=3381, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=39, rfOrder=38, authorNames=HE L, ZHANG L, FU S H, journalName=Obesity Surgery, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HE L,ZHANG L,FU S H,et al.Association between different inflammatory markers and generalized abdominal obesity:a cross-sectional study[J].Obesity Surgery,2024,34(9):3372-3381., articleTitle=Association between different inflammatory markers and generalized abdominal obesity:a cross-sectional study, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1322530521024938732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168508117537054, xref=1, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1322530521029133037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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Comparison of basic characteristics of elderly people with frailty,pre-frailty and non-frailty in China

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类无衰弱(n=1 531)衰弱前期(n=1 131)衰弱(n=34)统计值P
年龄(岁)61.0(54.0,67.0)62.0(57.0,69.0)64.0(59.3,70.3)H=39.984<0.001
性别[人(%)]男530(34.62)392(34.66)13(38.24)χ2=0.1930.908
女1 001(65.38)739(65.34)21(61.76)
体重(kg)60.6(51.1,74.8)60.1(51.2,71.9)49.9(43.5,62.5)H=18.064<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)23.7(21.2,26.5)23.8(21.3,26.7)22.1(19.2,24.1)H=7.3470.025
BMI分类[人(%)]低体重93(6.07)77(6.81)2(5.88)χ2=5.4870.483
正常体重720(47.03)514(45.45)20(58.82)
超重265(17.31)177(15.65)4(11.76)
一般性肥胖453(29.59)363(32.10)8(23.53)
腰围(cm)86.0(80.0,93.0)88.6(82.6,95.0)92.0(83.3,98.2)H=51.944<0.001
中心性肥胖[人(%)]有714(46.64)654(57.82)23(67.65)χ2=36.158<0.001
无817(53.36)477(42.18)11(32.35)
握力(kg)26.5(21.5,33.5)26.0(21.0,31.5)24.3(20.9,29.5)H=8.3460.015
居住地[人(%)]城镇366(23.91)397(35.10)14(41.18)χ2=42.307<0.001
农村1 165(76.09)734(64.90)20(58.82)
教育程度[人(%)]初中及以下1 462(95.49)1 043(92.22)33(97.06)χ2=14.7360.022
高中或中专62(4.05)82(7.25)1(2.94)
专科或本科6(0.39)6(0.53)0(0.00)
研究生1(0.07)0(0.00)0(0.00)
职业[人(%)]政府及事业单位658(42.98)504(44.56)12(35.30)χ2=12.1510.059
个体经营357(23.32)254(22.46)2(5.88)
农民250(16.33)182(16.09)9(26.47)
无266(17.37)191(16.89)11(32.35)
婚姻状况[人(%)]已婚同居1 219(79.62)957(84.62)24(70.59)χ2=13.5890.001
未婚及其他312(20.38)174(15.38)10(29.41)
社会活动[人(%)]有690(45.07)578(51.11)11(32.35)χ2=12.6500.002
无841(54.93)553(48.89)23(67.65)
生活满意度[人(%)]满意1 234(80.60)933(82.57)25(73.53)χ2=3.0370.219
不满意298(19.40)197(17.43)9(26.47)
吸烟[人(%)]是234(15.28)163(14.41)8(23.53)χ2=2.3400.310
否1 297(84.72)968(85.59)26(76.47)
合并症[人(%)]有1 236(80.73)80(7.07)29(85.29)χ2=1 489.447<0.001
无295(19.27)1 051(92.93)5(14.71)
自评健康[人(%)]好697(45.53)190(16.80)5(14.71)
一般756(49.38)549(48.54)3(8.82)χ2=549.195<0.001
差78(5.09)392(34.66)26(76.47)
), ArticleFig(id=1322530526347510575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168508117537054, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

中国衰弱、衰弱前期和无衰弱中老年人基本特征比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类无衰弱(n=1 531)衰弱前期(n=1 131)衰弱(n=34)统计值P
年龄(岁)61.0(54.0,67.0)62.0(57.0,69.0)64.0(59.3,70.3)H=39.984<0.001
性别[人(%)]男530(34.62)392(34.66)13(38.24)χ2=0.1930.908
女1 001(65.38)739(65.34)21(61.76)
体重(kg)60.6(51.1,74.8)60.1(51.2,71.9)49.9(43.5,62.5)H=18.064<0.001
BMI(kg/m2)23.7(21.2,26.5)23.8(21.3,26.7)22.1(19.2,24.1)H=7.3470.025
BMI分类[人(%)]低体重93(6.07)77(6.81)2(5.88)χ2=5.4870.483
正常体重720(47.03)514(45.45)20(58.82)
超重265(17.31)177(15.65)4(11.76)
一般性肥胖453(29.59)363(32.10)8(23.53)
腰围(cm)86.0(80.0,93.0)88.6(82.6,95.0)92.0(83.3,98.2)H=51.944<0.001
中心性肥胖[人(%)]有714(46.64)654(57.82)23(67.65)χ2=36.158<0.001
无817(53.36)477(42.18)11(32.35)
握力(kg)26.5(21.5,33.5)26.0(21.0,31.5)24.3(20.9,29.5)H=8.3460.015
居住地[人(%)]城镇366(23.91)397(35.10)14(41.18)χ2=42.307<0.001
农村1 165(76.09)734(64.90)20(58.82)
教育程度[人(%)]初中及以下1 462(95.49)1 043(92.22)33(97.06)χ2=14.7360.022
高中或中专62(4.05)82(7.25)1(2.94)
专科或本科6(0.39)6(0.53)0(0.00)
研究生1(0.07)0(0.00)0(0.00)
职业[人(%)]政府及事业单位658(42.98)504(44.56)12(35.30)χ2=12.1510.059
个体经营357(23.32)254(22.46)2(5.88)
农民250(16.33)182(16.09)9(26.47)
无266(17.37)191(16.89)11(32.35)
婚姻状况[人(%)]已婚同居1 219(79.62)957(84.62)24(70.59)χ2=13.5890.001
未婚及其他312(20.38)174(15.38)10(29.41)
社会活动[人(%)]有690(45.07)578(51.11)11(32.35)χ2=12.6500.002
无841(54.93)553(48.89)23(67.65)
生活满意度[人(%)]满意1 234(80.60)933(82.57)25(73.53)χ2=3.0370.219
不满意298(19.40)197(17.43)9(26.47)
吸烟[人(%)]是234(15.28)163(14.41)8(23.53)χ2=2.3400.310
否1 297(84.72)968(85.59)26(76.47)
合并症[人(%)]有1 236(80.73)80(7.07)29(85.29)χ2=1 489.447<0.001
无295(19.27)1 051(92.93)5(14.71)
自评健康[人(%)]好697(45.53)190(16.80)5(14.71)
一般756(49.38)549(48.54)3(8.82)χ2=549.195<0.001
差78(5.09)392(34.66)26(76.47)
), ArticleFig(id=1322530526435590960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168508117537054, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Multivariate analysis of frailty in Chinese middle-aged and elderly

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变量分类回归系数标准误Z值POR值[95%CI]
常数1.010.175.79<0.0012.74[1.95,3.86]
年龄45~<60岁1.00
60~<70岁0.450.153.050.0021.58[1.18,2.11]
≥70岁0.470.172.750.0061.60[1.15,2.25]
居住地农村1.00
城镇-0.490.14-3.44<0.0010.61[0.46,0.81]
社会活动无1.00
有-0.420.13-3.160.0020.66[0.51,0.85]
中心性肥胖无1.00
有0.540.134.08<0.0011.71[1.32,2.22]
BMI正常1.00
低体重0.090.280.320.7521.09[0.64,1.88]
超重0.420.241.730.0841.52[0.95,2.44]
一般性肥胖0.390.152.660.0081.48[1.11,1.98]
合并症有1.00
无-4.020.1527.40<0.0010.02[0.02,0.03]
), ArticleFig(id=1322530526511088433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168508117537054, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

中国中老年人衰弱影响因素的多因素分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类回归系数标准误Z值POR值[95%CI]
常数1.010.175.79<0.0012.74[1.95,3.86]
年龄45~<60岁1.00
60~<70岁0.450.153.050.0021.58[1.18,2.11]
≥70岁0.470.172.750.0061.60[1.15,2.25]
居住地农村1.00
城镇-0.490.14-3.44<0.0010.61[0.46,0.81]
社会活动无1.00
有-0.420.13-3.160.0020.66[0.51,0.85]
中心性肥胖无1.00
有0.540.134.08<0.0011.71[1.32,2.22]
BMI正常1.00
低体重0.090.280.320.7521.09[0.64,1.88]
超重0.420.241.730.0841.52[0.95,2.44]
一般性肥胖0.390.152.660.0081.48[1.11,1.98]
合并症有1.00
无-4.020.1527.40<0.0010.02[0.02,0.03]
), ArticleFig(id=1322530526582391602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168508117537054, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Subgroup analysis of the association between central obesity and frailty risk in middle-aged and elderly adults

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变量分类人数(%)OR值[95%CI]PP交互
年龄45~<60岁1 221(45.29)1.03[1.01,1.04]<0.001
60~<70岁923(34.24)1.04[1.02,1.06]<0.0010.367
≥70岁552(20.47)1.02[1.00,1.04]0.015
社会活动无1 279(47.44)1.02[1.01,1.04]<0.0010.155
有1 417(52.56)1.04[1.02,1.05]<0.001
合并症有1 345(49.89)1.00[0.98,1.03]0.8710.004
无1 351(50.11)1.05[1.03,1.06]<0.001
自评健康一般1 307(48.48)0.56[0.45,0.71]<0.001
好893(33.12)0.86[0.62,1.18]0.340<0.001
差496(18.40)6.07[3.34,11.01]<0.001
), ArticleFig(id=1322530526649500467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168508117537054, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

中老年人中心性肥胖与衰弱发生风险关联的亚组分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量分类人数(%)OR值[95%CI]PP交互
年龄45~<60岁1 221(45.29)1.03[1.01,1.04]<0.001
60~<70岁923(34.24)1.04[1.02,1.06]<0.0010.367
≥70岁552(20.47)1.02[1.00,1.04]0.015
社会活动无1 279(47.44)1.02[1.01,1.04]<0.0010.155
有1 417(52.56)1.04[1.02,1.05]<0.001
合并症有1 345(49.89)1.00[0.98,1.03]0.8710.004
无1 351(50.11)1.05[1.03,1.06]<0.001
自评健康一般1 307(48.48)0.56[0.45,0.71]<0.001
好893(33.12)0.86[0.62,1.18]0.340<0.001
差496(18.40)6.07[3.34,11.01]<0.001
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中国社区中老年人肥胖与衰弱的关系研究
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李垚 1, 2 , 夏敏 1, 3 , 陈小敏 3 , 吴逸梅 3 , 赵雨晴 2 , 张国增 2 , 吴茜 1, *, *
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(5): 732-739
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (5) : 732 -739
中国社区中老年人肥胖与衰弱的关系研究
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李垚,护士,硕士研究生

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李垚,护士,硕士研究生

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李垚1, 2, 夏敏1, 3, 陈小敏3, 吴逸梅3, 赵雨晴2, 张国增2, 吴茜1, *, *
作者信息
  • 1上海市第十人民医院,上海 200072
  • 2河南大学护理与健康学院
  • 3同济大学医学院
通讯作者:
吴茜,E-mail:
WU Qian, E-mail:
作者简介:

李垚,护士,硕士研究生

Association between obesity and frailty in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly people in China
Yao LI1, 2, Min XIA1, 3, Xiaomin CHEN3, Yimei WU3, Yuqing ZHAO2, Guozeng ZHANG2, Qian WU1
Affiliations
  • 1Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200072 China
  • 2School of Nursing and Health, Henan University
  • 3School of Medicine, Tongji University
  • Corresponding Author:
    WU Qian, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.004
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目的

探讨中国中老年人群一般性肥胖、中心性肥胖与衰弱的关联。

方法

基于中国健康与养老追踪调查项目(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)2013年、2015年和2018年数据,纳入2 696名45岁及以上中老年人,收集调查对象的人口学特征、健康相关自我报告、现患疾病情况等信息。采用多因素Logistic回归分析和限制性立方样条分析中老年人群一般性肥胖、中心性肥胖与衰弱的关联。

结果

2 696名中老年人的年龄为(61.94±8.74)岁,体质指数(BMI)为(24.34±8.71)kg/m2,腰围为(87.84±9.05)cm;中老年人衰弱前期及衰弱的发生率分别为41.95%和1.26%。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,调整混杂因素后,年龄60~<70岁[OR=1.58,95%CI(1.18,2.11)]、年龄≥70岁[OR=1.60,95%CI(1.15,2.25)]、中心性肥胖[OR=1.71,95%CI(1.32,2.22)]、一般性肥胖[OR=1.48,95%CI(1.11,1.98)]、居住地为城镇[OR=0.61,95%CI(0.46,0.81)]、有社会活动[OR=0.66,95%CI(0.51,0.85)]、无合并症[OR=0.02,95%CI(0.02,0.03)]与衰弱存在关联。限制性立方样条拟合多重线性回归模型分析结果显示,男性与女性的腰围均与衰弱发生风险之间呈现非线性关系(Pnonlinear<0.05),女性的BMI与衰弱发生风险之间呈现非线性关系(Pnonlinear<0.05)。

结论

一般性肥胖和中心性肥胖是我国中老年人群衰弱的危险因素,且此关联存在性别差异。在女性中,一般性肥胖和中心性肥胖均与衰弱风险增加有关;在男性中,仅观察到中心性肥胖与衰弱风险的关联。

中老年人  /  衰弱  /  肥胖  /  体质指数  /  腰围  /  相关
Objective

To explore the association between general obesity,central obesity,and frailty among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults.

Methods

Based on data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) in 2013,2015,and 2018,2 696 individuals aged 45 and above were included.Information on demographic characteristics,self-reported health-related factors,and current disease status was collected.Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to examine the association between general obesity,central obesity,and frailty in the middle-aged and elderly population.

Results

The mean age of the 2 696 participants was (61.94±8.74) years, with a body mass index(BMI) of (24.34±8.71) kg/m² and a waist circumference of (87.84±9.05) cm.The prevalence of pre-frailty and frailty among the middle-aged and elderly was 41.95% and 1.26%,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis,after adjusting for confounding factors,showed that age 60-69 [OR=1.58,95%CI(1.18,2.11)],age≥70 [OR=1.60,95%CI(1.15,2.25)],central obesity[OR=1.71,95%CI(1.32,2.22)],general obesity group[OR=1.48,95%CI(1.11,1.98)],urban residence[OR=0.61,95%CI(0.46,0.81)],participation in social activities[OR=0.66,95%CI(0.51,0.85)],and absence of comorbidities[OR=0.02,95%CI(0.02,0.03)] were associated with frailty.Restricted cubic spline fitting of the multiple Logistic regression model revealed that there was a non-linear relationship between waist circumference and the risk of frailty in both men and women(Pnonlinear<0.05),and a non-linear relationship between BMI and the risk of frailty in women(Pnonlinear<0.05).

Conclusions

General obesity and central obesity are risk factors for frailty in the middle-aged and elderly population in China,and this association exhibits sex differences.In women,both general obesity and central obesity are associated with an increased risk of frailty,whereas in men,only central obesity is linked to an elevated frailty risk..

middle-aged and elderly  /  frailty  /  obesity  /  body mass index  /  waist circumference  /  correlation
李垚, 夏敏, 陈小敏, 吴逸梅, 赵雨晴, 张国增, 吴茜. 中国社区中老年人肥胖与衰弱的关系研究. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (5) : 732 -739 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.004
Yao LI, Min XIA, Xiaomin CHEN, Yimei WU, Yuqing ZHAO, Guozeng ZHANG, Qian WU. Association between obesity and frailty in community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly people in China[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (5) : 732 -739 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.004
随着全球人口老龄化趋势的加速,中老年人群的健康问题受到了广泛关注[1]。衰弱是一种以躯体功能减退为显著特征的临床综合征,表现为机体多系统功能障碍、生理储备降低,进而导致对应激源易感性增加,无力抵御外界环境带来的应激刺激,进而生命健康造成威胁[2]。衰弱作为老年人健康风险的预警信号,影响了全球约10%的社区老年人[3-4]。衰弱作为一种动态发展的状态,通过准确识别及时干预可以有效逆转并减少不良结局的发生[5],但目前衰弱的危险因素尚不完全清楚。有研究指出,肥胖与中老年人群的衰弱状况存在关联[6-7],体质指数(body mass index,BMI)和腰围(waist circumference,WC)是衡量人体肥胖程度的两个关键指标。其中,BMI主要与一般性肥胖关联,而腰围则反映了中心性肥胖,即腹部异常肥胖的情况[8]。本研究基于中国健康与养老追踪调查项目(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)的数据,探索中国中老年人群BMI、腰围与衰弱之间的关联,为中老年人群的衰弱预防和控制提供依据,以期为提前干预中老年人的衰弱状况提供参考。
数据来源于2013—2018年CHARLS项目的公开数据,调查对象为我国45岁及以上中老年人群[9]。CHARLS获得了北京大学生物医学伦理委员会的批准(批号:IRB00001052—11015),所有研究对象均由本人或家属签署知情同意书。本研究以2013年数据为基线资料,2015年、2018年为随访资料。纳入标准:2013年调查时年龄≥45岁;2013年衰弱指数(Frailty Index,FI)≤0.20;参与了2013年、2015年、2018年的3次调查。排除标准:基线和随访中,构成衰弱指数的项目数据缺失率≥10%的研究对象。对数据进行整理后,获得样本量11 988人,在剔除缺失值和极值后,最终纳入2 696人。
衰弱指数是基于整体累积的健康缺陷指标评价衰弱程度[10-11]。CHARLS数据涵盖了人口统计学、健康相关自我报告、健康相关诊断[慢性病、身体机能、日常生活活动(activities of daily living,ADL)和工具性日常生活活动(instrumental activities of daily living,IADL)]、健康行为相关、认知、抑郁等变量[9],各变量均采用国际通用量表测量,为衰弱指数提供了全面、科学的数据。本研究共纳入包括日常活动能力、身体机能状况、心理健康、慢性病等共41项健康相关指标。每个指标计0~1分,0分表示无缺陷,1分表示存在缺陷,理论总分为41分。衰弱指数计算公式为实际得分/理论总分,衰弱指数≤0.20为无衰弱,>0.20~≤0.40为衰弱前期,>0.40为衰弱[11-13]。
分为一般性肥胖和中心性肥胖[8]。BMI<18.5 kg/m2为低体重,18.5~<24.0 kg/m2为正常体重,24.0~<28.0 kg/m2为超重,≥28.0 kg/m2为一般性肥胖;腰围男性≥90 cm、女性≥85 cm为中心性肥胖[14]。
1)社会人口学因素:包括年龄、性别、教育程度、婚姻状况;2)健康相关行为:包括是否吸烟、是否参与社会活动、自评健康、生活满意度;3)疾病情况:合并症;4)握力:左手和右手握力值,测量2次,取平均值。
采用SPSS 26.0进行数据分析和R 4.4.1软件rms包绘制限制性立方样条曲线。正态分布的定量资料使用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,非正态分布的定量资料以中位数(四分位数)[M(P25,P75)]表示;定性资料使用人数、百分比(%)表示。符合正态分布的定量资料组间比较采用t检验,不符合正态分布的定量资料组间比较采用Kruskal-Wallis秩和检验;定性资料组间比较采用χ2检验。以是否发生衰弱为因变量进行Logistic多因素回归分析。采用限制性立方样条和阈值效应分析进一步探究腰围、BMI与衰弱风险的剂量-反应关系。对年龄、婚姻、社会活动、合并症进行分层亚组分析,检验亚组间关联的异质性。检验水准α=0.05。
本研究共纳入2 696名中老年人,年龄为(61.94±8.74)岁,BMI为(24.34±8.71)kg/m2,腰围为(87.84±9.05)cm;经衰弱指数评估后,我国中老年人衰弱前期及衰弱的发生率分别为41.95%和1.26%。其中,男935人,有衰弱风险者405人(43.31%);女1 761人,有衰弱风险者760人(43.16%)。一般性肥胖者占30.56%,中心性肥胖者占51.59%。衰弱、衰弱前期与无衰弱组在年龄、教育程度、居住地、体重、BMI、腰围、中心性肥胖、握力、婚姻状况、社会活动、合并症、自评健康方面比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。具体见表1。
在多因素回归分析中,为简化模型并突出衰弱与非衰弱的对比,明确区分中心性肥胖与明确衰弱状态之间的独立关联,避免衰弱前期人群(其健康缺陷虽已积累但尚未达到明确衰弱标准)对风险估计造成稀释效应,本研究将衰弱前期与衰弱赋值为1,非衰弱组赋值为0进行分析,以中心性肥胖为核心解释变量,年龄为控制变量,共线性检验方差膨胀因子(variance inflation factor,VIF)均<5,容忍度>0.1,纳入的自变量不存在多重共线性。多因素Logistic分析结果显示,调整混杂因素后,年龄60~<70岁[OR=1.58,95%CI(1.18,2.11)]、年龄≥70岁[OR=1.60,95%CI(1.15,2.25)]、中心性肥胖[OR=1.71,95%CI(1.32,2.22)]、一般性肥胖[OR=1.48,95%CI(1.11,1.98)]、居住地为城镇[OR=0.61,95%CI(0.46,0.81)]、有社会活动[OR=0.66,95%CI(0.51,0.85)]、无合并症[OR=0.02,95%CI(0.02,0.03)]与衰弱存在关联(P<0.05)。具体见表2。
限制性立方样条拟合Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性与女性的腰围均与衰弱发生风险之间呈现非线性关系(Pnonlinear<0.05)。女性以腰围87.0 cm为分界点,当腰围>103.4 cm时曲线呈下降趋势;男性以腰围87.6 cm为分界点,超过分界点衰弱发生风险逐渐增高。女性的BMI与衰弱发生风险之间呈现非线性关系(Pnonlinear<0.05),分界点为23.7 kg/m2,当BMI<23.7 kg/m2时,BMI与衰弱发生风险呈现负相关;当BMI>23.7 kg/m2时,BMI与衰弱发生风险呈现正相关。见图1~图4。
本研究亚组分析变量基于研究设计阶段的先验知识确定,聚焦于理论上可能修饰中心性肥胖与衰弱关系的因素:年龄是核心生理决定因素,社会活动代表行为与环境因素,合并症反映共病负担,自评健康是综合健康感知指标。上述变量具备明确的临床或社会分层意义,有助于系统评估关联在不同人群中的稳健性与异质性。其余变量(如性别、BMI、握力)已在主模型中作为协变量控制混杂效应,故未纳入亚组分析。结果显示,中心性肥胖与合并症、自评健康存在交互效应(P交互<0.05),在年龄、社会活动亚组中均未出现交互效应(P交互>0.05)。在年龄、社会活动中,中心性肥胖和衰弱风险的相关性较稳定(均P交互>0.05)。具体见表3。
本研究基于CHARLS数据库对2013—2018年中国中老年人群的衰弱发生情况与肥胖之间的关系进行分析,结果显示,我国中老年人衰弱前期及衰弱的发生率为41.95%和1.26%。O'Caoimh等[15]纳入62个国家/地区中老年人群的研究显示衰弱前期的患病率为46%(45%~48%)。Gordon等[16]对656名社区中老年人进行研究,结果显示,39%的社区中老年人处于衰弱前期,1.8%处于衰弱。此外,基于中国慢性病前瞻性研究(China Kadoorie Biobank,CKB)[17]和基于英国生物样本库[18]的研究中,中老年人群衰弱前期及衰弱发病率均与本研究结果相似。不同国家老年人口的衰弱患病率为1.5%~43.41%[19],这可能是因为衰弱评估尚未形成国际测量金标准、每项研究所用衰弱评估工具不同[20-22]。随着年龄的增长,生存效应导致与虚弱相关的健康缺陷指标累积增加,衰弱发生风险升高[23]。利用衰弱指数这类简单的指标识别中老年人群的衰弱状态,有助于预防过早死亡及延长健康期望寿命[24]。目前,中国中老年人群的衰弱患病率处于中等偏下水平,但随着人口老龄化趋势加重,护理人员作为评估病人健康状况的关键角色,早期对社区中老年人群进行衰弱的评估与识别显得尤为重要。
高龄、居住地为农村、无社会活动、有合并症的肥胖中老年人群衰弱发生风险较高。老龄化是衰弱的关键风险因素[25]。国外研究发现,以护士为主导的社区老年人衰弱识别及干预能够有效逆转衰弱进展,改善预后[26]。因此,依托社区开展中老年人群的衰弱防控,可以作为政府部门提供社区老年保健服务工作的一部分。由于医疗保健机会和基础设施资源有限的累积效应,农村中老年人群衰弱风险更高[27],同时有研究指出,这一现象可能与农村地区缺乏针对衰弱综合征的求助行为有关[28],这强调对农村中老年人群增强衰弱求助行为及改善医疗保健服务的必要性。此外,不参与社会活动是导致中老年人群衰弱风险增加的主要社会关系因素。多项研究提出,增加社会活动参与有助于降低中老年衰弱的发生发展[29-31]。此外,社区可通过积极防治慢性病管理[32],提高中老年人群的健康水平,以降低衰弱发生风险和改善衰弱状态。
我国中老年人群一般性肥胖和中心性肥胖与衰弱发生风险相关:中心性肥胖组衰弱风险为无中心肥胖组的1.71倍,一般性肥胖组为正常体重组的1.48倍。与正常体型的中老年人群相比,中老年女性一般性肥胖和中心性肥胖、男性中心性肥胖程度较高的人群衰弱发生风险较高,与相关研究结果[33-35]相似。腰围是中心性肥胖的有效指标[36]。既往研究表明,与一般性肥胖相比,中心性肥胖与虚弱风险增加的关系更为密切[34]。本研究中,仅中老年女性BMI与衰弱发生风险之间呈U型关系,意味着维持正常的BMI对中老年女性更有益处,这与Ho等[37]研究结果类似。但在中老年男性人群中未见同样相关性,可能与BMI不能区分肌肉量和脂肪量有关[38]。另一方面,中心性肥胖者腹部脂肪组织会释放更多的炎性细胞因子,引起慢性炎症[39],会进一步导致衰弱。
本研究基于具有全国代表性的大样本CHARLS纵向数据,系统探讨了中老年人群不同肥胖类型与衰弱的关系。采用多期追踪数据,强化了因果推断的证据基础;通过纳入一般性肥胖与中心性肥胖指标,全面揭示了身体成分对衰弱的影响,并在女性群体中发现BMI、腰围与衰弱之间存在非线性关联,为探索肥胖类型与衰弱的复杂关系提供了新的视角。但由于本研究是基于数据库的纵向研究,对肥胖类型和衰弱的全面性相关分析探索受限,如内脏脂肪面积等指标。衰弱的发生风险不仅与中老年人群自身肥胖情况相关,可能与环境因素等相关,未来可能需要进一步的前瞻性研究明确衰弱与肥胖相关性以及干预衰弱带来的临床效益。
本研究结果显示,中国中老年人群的衰弱患病率受年龄、居住地、社会活动、合并症、一般性肥胖和中心性肥胖的影响。肥胖的早期识别有助于预测衰弱的发生发展,护理人员应重视对中老年肥胖人群衰弱的筛查,并根据衰弱程度尽早采取有效的干预措施降低衰弱发生率,改善衰弱状态。

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2026年第40卷第5期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.004
  • 接收时间:2025-02-22
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-22
  • 修回日期:2025-11-30
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    1上海市第十人民医院,上海 200072
    2河南大学护理与健康学院
    3同济大学医学院

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吴茜,E-mail:
WU Qian, E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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