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Article(id=1322168272980656832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322168262247432815, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1751817600000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-07, revisedDate=1768838400000, revisedDateStr=2026-01-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793159080976, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1773072000000, pubDateStr=2026-03-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793159080976, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793159080976, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793159080976, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322168262247432815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='5', pageStart='705', pageEnd='880', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1773072000000', pubDateStr='2026-03-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793159078418, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793159078418, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=725, endPage=731, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322168273202954945, articleId=1322168272980656832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Application of intelligent robot rounds-based health education in the perioperative period of PCI patients, columnId=1220689484526572183, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Original Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To explore the application effect of intelligent robot rounds-based health education in the perioperative period of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),and to provide a basis for optimizing post-PCI health education models.

Methods

A total of 83 PCI patients admitted to the cardiology department of a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou from January to April 2025 were selected.They were divided into control group(37 cases) and intervention group(46 cases) according to the time of admission.The control group received conventional health education,while the intervention group received rounds-based health education delivered by an intelligent robot.The discharge readiness,health education satisfaction,and cost-effectiveness were compared between the two groups, along with the intervention group's feedback on the use of the intelligent robot.

Results

The discharge readiness score of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group.Their satisfaction with guidance on activity and rest,and the method of health education was higher than that of the control group,but their satisfaction with psychological guidance was lower,and all differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The cost of health education(21.60 per person-time) was lower than that of the control group(74.52 per person-time).Patients in the intervention group highly recognized the robot's ease of use and educational value and expressed expectations for its future application.

Conclusions

Intelligent robot rounds-based health education can effectively improve the discharge readiness and health education satisfaction of PCI patients during the perioperative period,demonstrating significant effects particularly in guidance on activity and rest,along with lower health education costs.

, authors=Xiaoshen LIU, Yiying LI, Xiaojian YE, Lihua SHEN, authorsList=Xiaoshen LIU, Yiying LI, Xiaojian YE, Lihua SHEN, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Lihua SHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
SHEN Lihua, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322168273899209412, articleId=1322168272980656832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=智能机器人巡回式健康教育在PCI围术期病人中的应用, columnId=1220689484681761433, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研论著, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
目的

探讨智能机器人巡回式健康教育在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）病人围术期中的应用效果，为优化PCI术后健康教育模式提供依据。

方法

选取2025年1月—4月杭州市某三级甲等医院心血管内科收治的83例PCI病人，按就诊时间分为对照组37例和干预组46例。对照组实施常规健康教育，干预组采用智能机器人进行巡回式健康教育。比较两组病人的出院准备度、健康宣教满意度和成本效益，以及干预组病人对智能机器人的使用感受。

结果

干预组病人出院准备度总分高于对照组，对活动和休息指导、健康教育方式满意度高于对照组，但心理指导维度满意度低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；健康教育成本（21.60元/人次）低于对照组（74.52元/人次）。干预组病人对机器人的易用性、健康教育价值认可度较高，并对其未来抱有期待。

结论

智能机器人巡回式健康教育可有效提升PCI病人围术期的出院准备度与健康教育满意度，尤其在活动和休息指导、健康教育方式方面效果较好，且具有较低的健康宣教成本。

, authors=刘晓申, 李乙莹, 叶小健, 沈丽华*, *, authorsList=刘晓申, 李乙莹, 叶小健, 沈丽华, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=沈丽华, authorNote=

刘晓申，护师，硕士研究生

, correspAuthorsNote=
沈丽华，E-mail：
SHEN Lihua, E-mail:
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figs=[ArticleFig(id=1322530102617944733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168272980656832, language=EN, label=Figure 1, caption=Health education robot, figureFileSmall=rZxhFFcsGDumDbU88qju7g==, figureFileBig=7+b+nY80gUgVtZdjqfWvQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530102752162462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168272980656832, language=CN, label=图1, caption=健康教育机器人, figureFileSmall=rZxhFFcsGDumDbU88qju7g==, figureFileBig=7+b+nY80gUgVtZdjqfWvQw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1322530102903157407, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168272980656832, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of general data between two groups of patients

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类干预组(n=46)对照组(n=37)χ2值P
年龄40~50岁7(15.22)9(24.32)3.4870.322
>50~60岁11(23.91)4(10.81)
>60~70岁17(36.96)12(32.43)
>70~80岁11(23.91)12(32.43)
性别男37(80.43)32(86.49)0.5360.464
女9(19.57)5(13.51)
文化程度小学19(41.30)14(37.84)0.4340.937
初中11(23.91)10(27.03)
中专/高中9(19.57)6(16.21)
专科/本科7(15.22)7(18.92)
职业退休25(54.35)20(54.05)0.5870.746
农民10(21.74)6(16.22)
在职11(23.91)11(29.73)
居住情况独居4(8.70)2(5.41)0.3660.936
与配偶居31(67.39)26(70.27)
与父母/子女居11(23.91)9(24.32)
月收入水平≤3 000元16(34.78)14(37.84)1.6090.689
>3 000~5 000元18(39.13)10(27.03)
>5 000~8 000元8(17.39)9(24.32)
≥8 000元4(8.70)4(10.81)
医保类型城镇居民医保14(30.44)20(54.05)5.6500.068
市级医保24(52.17)15(40.54)
省级医保8(17.39)2(5.41)
患病时间≤1年26(56.52)21(56.76)0.9420.603
>1~<5年12(26.09)7(18.92)
≥5年8(17.39)9(24.32)
), ArticleFig(id=1322530102991237792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168272980656832, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

两组病人一般资料比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类干预组(n=46)对照组(n=37)χ2值P
年龄40~50岁7(15.22)9(24.32)3.4870.322
>50~60岁11(23.91)4(10.81)
>60~70岁17(36.96)12(32.43)
>70~80岁11(23.91)12(32.43)
性别男37(80.43)32(86.49)0.5360.464
女9(19.57)5(13.51)
文化程度小学19(41.30)14(37.84)0.4340.937
初中11(23.91)10(27.03)
中专/高中9(19.57)6(16.21)
专科/本科7(15.22)7(18.92)
职业退休25(54.35)20(54.05)0.5870.746
农民10(21.74)6(16.22)
在职11(23.91)11(29.73)
居住情况独居4(8.70)2(5.41)0.3660.936
与配偶居31(67.39)26(70.27)
与父母/子女居11(23.91)9(24.32)
月收入水平≤3 000元16(34.78)14(37.84)1.6090.689
>3 000~5 000元18(39.13)10(27.03)
>5 000~8 000元8(17.39)9(24.32)
≥8 000元4(8.70)4(10.81)
医保类型城镇居民医保14(30.44)20(54.05)5.6500.068
市级医保24(52.17)15(40.54)
省级医保8(17.39)2(5.41)
患病时间≤1年26(56.52)21(56.76)0.9420.603
>1~<5年12(26.09)7(18.92)
≥5年8(17.39)9(24.32)
), ArticleFig(id=1322530103276450465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168272980656832, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of discharge readiness between two groups of patients（x±s）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数自身状况应对能力社会支持依从性疾病相关知识总分
干预组4614.00±1.3212.43±1.8112.48±2.3914.07±1.3620.48±4.1973.46±8.74
对照组3714.35±0.8211.35±2.2312.38±1.9612.73±1.5918.49±3.0869.30±6.47
t值-1.4152.4470.2054.1252.4122.410
P0.1610.0170.838<0.0010.0180.018
), ArticleFig(id=1322530103398085282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168272980656832, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

两组病人出院准备度比较（x±s）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别例数自身状况应对能力社会支持依从性疾病相关知识总分
干预组4614.00±1.3212.43±1.8112.48±2.3914.07±1.3620.48±4.1973.46±8.74
对照组3714.35±0.8211.35±2.2312.38±1.9612.73±1.5918.49±3.0869.30±6.47
t值-1.4152.4470.2054.1252.4122.410
P0.1610.0170.838<0.0010.0180.018
), ArticleFig(id=1322530103733629603, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168272980656832, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of satisfaction with health education between the two patient groups

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类干预组(n=46)对照组(n=37)Z值P
入院宣教一般满意1(2.17)2(5.41)-0.7510.453
满意10(21.74)4(10.81)
非常满意35(76.09)31(83.78)
饮食宣教一般满意0(0.00)5(13.51)-1.7990.072
满意7(15.22)6(16.22)
非常满意39(84.78)26(70.27)
活动和休息指导一般满意1(2.17)0(0.00)-2.1040.035
满意9(19.57)2(5.41)
非常满意36(78.26)35(94.59)
用药指导一般满意0(0.00)0(0.00)-1.3140.189
满意10(21.74)4(10.81)
非常满意36(78.26)33(89.19)
手术宣教一般满意1(2.17)8(21.62)-0.5270.598
满意10(21.74)1(2.70)
非常满意35(76.09)28(75.68)
自我管理指导一般满意0(0.00)0(0.00)-0.2180.827
满意7(15.22)5(13.51)
非常满意39(84.78)32(86.49)
心理指导一般满意5(10.87)1(2.70)-2.7020.007
满意12(26.09)3(8.11)
非常满意29(63.04)33(89.19)
出院宣教一般满意0(0.00)0(0.00)-0.4010.688
满意13(28.26)9(24.32)
非常满意33(71.74)28(75.68)
健康教育方式一般满意0(0.00)2(5.41)-2.6790.007
满意2(4.35)7(18.92)
非常满意44(95.65)28(75.68)
), ArticleFig(id=1322530103817515684, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168272980656832, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

两组病人对健康宣教满意度比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目分类干预组(n=46)对照组(n=37)Z值P
入院宣教一般满意1(2.17)2(5.41)-0.7510.453
满意10(21.74)4(10.81)
非常满意35(76.09)31(83.78)
饮食宣教一般满意0(0.00)5(13.51)-1.7990.072
满意7(15.22)6(16.22)
非常满意39(84.78)26(70.27)
活动和休息指导一般满意1(2.17)0(0.00)-2.1040.035
满意9(19.57)2(5.41)
非常满意36(78.26)35(94.59)
用药指导一般满意0(0.00)0(0.00)-1.3140.189
满意10(21.74)4(10.81)
非常满意36(78.26)33(89.19)
手术宣教一般满意1(2.17)8(21.62)-0.5270.598
满意10(21.74)1(2.70)
非常满意35(76.09)28(75.68)
自我管理指导一般满意0(0.00)0(0.00)-0.2180.827
满意7(15.22)5(13.51)
非常满意39(84.78)32(86.49)
心理指导一般满意5(10.87)1(2.70)-2.7020.007
满意12(26.09)3(8.11)
非常满意29(63.04)33(89.19)
出院宣教一般满意0(0.00)0(0.00)-0.4010.688
满意13(28.26)9(24.32)
非常满意33(71.74)28(75.68)
健康教育方式一般满意0(0.00)2(5.41)-2.6790.007
满意2(4.35)7(18.92)
非常满意44(95.65)28(75.68)
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Evaluation of user experience with the health education robot（x±s，n=46）

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目维度实际得分百分制得分
优化升级期待功能设计更加完善12.61±1.5484.06±10.28
期待得到社会支持8.13±0.9881.30±9.80
期待机器人设计更加科学15.26±2.2876.30±11.42
促进因素认为机器人易于使用7.37±0.9573.70±9.51
认同机器人健康教育价值11.04±1.5673.62±10.42
感知机器人可爱温暖10.98±2.7473.19±18.24
障碍因素认为机器人使用有难度14.35±2.1871.74±10.91
不认同机器人健康教育的价值6.65±1.1866.52±11.78
伦理安全担心机器人健康教育伦理道德问题12.65±2.7763.26±13.83
担心机器人健康教育带来威胁12.37±2.6961.85±13.47
), ArticleFig(id=1322530104195003046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168272980656832, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

健康教育机器人使用感受评价（x±s，n=46）

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项目维度实际得分百分制得分
优化升级期待功能设计更加完善12.61±1.5484.06±10.28
期待得到社会支持8.13±0.9881.30±9.80
期待机器人设计更加科学15.26±2.2876.30±11.42
促进因素认为机器人易于使用7.37±0.9573.70±9.51
认同机器人健康教育价值11.04±1.5673.62±10.42
感知机器人可爱温暖10.98±2.7473.19±18.24
障碍因素认为机器人使用有难度14.35±2.1871.74±10.91
不认同机器人健康教育的价值6.65±1.1866.52±11.78
伦理安全担心机器人健康教育伦理道德问题12.65±2.7763.26±13.83
担心机器人健康教育带来威胁12.37±2.6961.85±13.47
), ArticleFig(id=1322530104270500519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168272980656832, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of health education costs between the two groups

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组别仪器设备费（元/分钟）人工成本（元/分钟）耗材成本（元/人次）宣教时间（min）下单次数（次）
对照组1.572.3046
干预组0.211.57586
), ArticleFig(id=1322530104543130280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, articleId=1322168272980656832, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

两组健康宣教成本

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组别仪器设备费（元/分钟）人工成本（元/分钟）耗材成本（元/人次）宣教时间（min）下单次数（次）
对照组1.572.3046
干预组0.211.57586
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智能机器人巡回式健康教育在PCI围术期病人中的应用
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刘晓申 , 李乙莹 , 叶小健 , 沈丽华 *, *
护理研究 | 科研论著 2026,40(5): 725-731
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护理研究 |科研论著 2026 , 40 (5) : 725 -731
智能机器人巡回式健康教育在PCI围术期病人中的应用
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刘晓申, 李乙莹, 叶小健, 沈丽华*, *
作者信息
  • 1浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院，浙江 313000
通讯作者:
沈丽华，E-mail：
SHEN Lihua, E-mail:
作者简介:

刘晓申，护师，硕士研究生

Application of intelligent robot rounds-based health education in the perioperative period of PCI patients
Xiaoshen LIU, Yiying LI, Xiaojian YE, Lihua SHEN
Affiliations
  • 1Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang 313000 China
    • Corresponding Author:
    SHEN Lihua, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-03-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.003
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摘要
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目的

探讨智能机器人巡回式健康教育在经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）病人围术期中的应用效果，为优化PCI术后健康教育模式提供依据。

方法

选取2025年1月—4月杭州市某三级甲等医院心血管内科收治的83例PCI病人，按就诊时间分为对照组37例和干预组46例。对照组实施常规健康教育，干预组采用智能机器人进行巡回式健康教育。比较两组病人的出院准备度、健康宣教满意度和成本效益，以及干预组病人对智能机器人的使用感受。

结果

干预组病人出院准备度总分高于对照组，对活动和休息指导、健康教育方式满意度高于对照组，但心理指导维度满意度低于对照组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；健康教育成本（21.60元/人次）低于对照组（74.52元/人次）。干预组病人对机器人的易用性、健康教育价值认可度较高，并对其未来抱有期待。

结论

智能机器人巡回式健康教育可有效提升PCI病人围术期的出院准备度与健康教育满意度，尤其在活动和休息指导、健康教育方式方面效果较好，且具有较低的健康宣教成本。

经皮冠状动脉介入术  /  智能机器人  /  健康教育  /  出院准备度  /  成本效益
Objective

To explore the application effect of intelligent robot rounds-based health education in the perioperative period of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI),and to provide a basis for optimizing post-PCI health education models.

Methods

A total of 83 PCI patients admitted to the cardiology department of a tertiary hospital in Hangzhou from January to April 2025 were selected.They were divided into control group(37 cases) and intervention group(46 cases) according to the time of admission.The control group received conventional health education,while the intervention group received rounds-based health education delivered by an intelligent robot.The discharge readiness,health education satisfaction,and cost-effectiveness were compared between the two groups, along with the intervention group's feedback on the use of the intelligent robot.

Results

The discharge readiness score of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group.Their satisfaction with guidance on activity and rest,and the method of health education was higher than that of the control group,but their satisfaction with psychological guidance was lower,and all differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The cost of health education(21.60 per person-time) was lower than that of the control group(74.52 per person-time).Patients in the intervention group highly recognized the robot's ease of use and educational value and expressed expectations for its future application.

Conclusions

Intelligent robot rounds-based health education can effectively improve the discharge readiness and health education satisfaction of PCI patients during the perioperative period,demonstrating significant effects particularly in guidance on activity and rest,along with lower health education costs.

percutaneous coronary intervention  /  intelligent robot  /  health education  /  discharge readiness  /  cost-effectiveness
刘晓申, 李乙莹, 叶小健, 沈丽华. 智能机器人巡回式健康教育在PCI围术期病人中的应用. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (5) : 725 -731 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.003
Xiaoshen LIU, Yiying LI, Xiaojian YE, Lihua SHEN. Application of intelligent robot rounds-based health education in the perioperative period of PCI patients[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (5) : 725 -731 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.003
正文
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经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）是冠心病病人的主要治疗方法，具有可恢复心脏血液灌注、改善临床症状、降低短期死亡率等优点[1]。然而，PCI治疗并不代表可完全消除心血管疾病的风险因素，术后疾病管理不足可导致支架内再狭窄，诱发心绞痛甚至心肌梗死等心血管事件[2]。出院准备度是医护人员基于病人生理、心理及社会等健康状况的系统评估，用于判断病人是否具备出院后回归社会、继续康复的能力，既是对病人出院准备状态的主观感知评价，也是对其出院过渡期安全性的重要预测指标[3]。既往研究显示，PCI术后出院准备度越高，其复发率和再入院率越低[4]。健康教育是提高病人出院准备度的重要手段[5]。近年来，人工智能技术在医疗领域蓬勃发展，智能机器人凭借自然语言交互等技术优势，为健康教育提供了创新模式，在医疗护理场景中展现出巨大应用潜力[6]。机器人健康教育已逐步应用于多种疾病，如甲状腺癌[7]、糖尿病[8]、孕产妇[9]术后康复指导等，均取得良好效果。基于此，本研究探索智能机器人巡回式健康教育在PCI术后病人中的应用效果，旨在为优化PCI病人健康教育模式提供实践依据。
1　对象与方法
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1.1　研究对象
采用便利抽样法，选取2025年1月—4月杭州市某三级甲等医院心血管内科病区收治的PCI手术病人为研究对象。纳入标准：1）年龄≥18岁；2）经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病，并行PCI术的病人；3）具有读写能力，能与他人进行有效沟通；4）知情同意并自愿参与研究。排除标准：1）伴有严重躯体疾病，如精神障碍、癌症等；2）发生严重术后并发症，如术后心肌梗死。本研究采用G-Power软件计算样本量，计算效应值为0.890[9]，α=0.05，β=0.10。考虑到20%的不应答率，计算总样本量至少为58例。按照就诊时间，将2025年1月—2月就诊的病人纳入对照组，3月—4月就诊的病人纳入干预组。本研究已获得医院伦理委员会批准（审批号：20250461），研究对象均知情同意，自愿参与本研究。
1.2　干预方法
1.2.1　对照组
1.2.1.1　制定PCI病人健康宣教标准化手册
组建心血管内科专家团队，参考医院健康宣教手册及查阅相关文献，制定符合我院的PCI病人围术期健康宣教手册及宣教流程图。
1.2.1.2　培训团队成员
由护士长组织科室护士培训学习PCI病人围术期健康宣教手册，并通过现场观察评估讲解一致性，以确保所有护士均掌握健康宣教内容并能执行标准化宣教。
1.2.1.3　健康教育内容
1）入院当天参照医院入院须知和预防跌倒告知书进行口头宣教；2）术前1 d对病人进行术前宣教：包括PCI手术过程及注意事项、术前用物准备、心理指导等；3）手术回病房后进行床边宣教：包括穿刺侧肢体制动及抬高放置、饮食、运动、戒烟限酒宣教，并进行心理护理；4）住院期间每天下午通知病人第2天检查项目及注意事项；5）医生开具预出院医嘱时进行出院宣教；6）出院当天发放出院带药时进行用药宣教。
1.2.2　干预组
1.2.2.1　机器人构造及功能
机器人机身大小为1 000 mm×410 mm×410 mm，由人机交换模块（含显示屏、麦克风、摄像头、扬声器）、语音识别、人脸识别、红外线传感器、激光雷达、紧急停止按钮、移动底盘以及附件（含充电桩、指示灯）等组成。见图1。智能机器人可实现语音交互、宣教告知提醒、带路、送物、远程视频服务等功能。
1.2.2.2　机器人使用方法培训
由护士长对研究团队成员进行培训，包括机器人的适用范围、组成结构、系统操作程序、故障处理等。要求护理人员严格遵守机器人操作规范，为病人提供智能化医疗服务。
1.2.2.3　机器人健康教育实施方法
机器人围术期健康宣教时机与对照组一致，内置的健康教育内容细化为知识点，并且增加视频动画，设置宣教脚本，实现语音、文字、动画的联合呈现。护士通过移动终端管理程序设置宣教任务，机器人依照预设路线自主导航至病人床旁启动交互式健康宣教。宣教完毕后，机器人将主动询问病人对内容的理解程度，若病人表示未理解，将立即进行再次宣教。当病人不在病房时，机器人即时语音提醒护士，并于30 min后返回病房再次宣教。对于非主要照护者陪护的病人，可使用远程视频功能连线其主要照护者，实现病人及家属的同步健康宣教。
宣教过程中，护士应监测机器人运行状态及病人反应，并确保能及时响应。使用机器人过程中应保持病房门开放，指导病人及家属避让移动机器人，必要时巡视并保持路线畅通，协助调整病人位置，预防碰撞或绊倒风险；对操作不熟练的病人（尤其是高龄病人），护士应主动提供指导和必要的协助；每日检查机器人电池电量和系统功能，发现运行异常须立即暂停使用并及时报修。
1.2.2.4　开展预试验
正式开展机器人健康宣教前，选取5例病人进行预试验，调整机器人人脸识别准确度、合适的床旁宣教位置、宣教内容动画清晰度、宣教音量、合适的反馈方式及终止方式。
1.3　评价指标
在病人入院时收集病人一般人口学资料，医生开具预出院医嘱时收集病人出院准备度资料，出院当天收集健康宣教满意度及干预组病人对健康教育机器人使用感受等资料。
1.3.1　一般人口学资料
采用医院系统内置问卷收集病人人口学变量（性别、年龄、婚姻状况、教育程度、医保类型、职业性质等）、生活方式变量（是否吸烟、饮酒）和患病时间。
1.3.2　出院准备度
采用莫星星[10]编制的PCI术后病人出院准备度量表评估病人出院准备情况。该量表包括自身状况（3个条目）、应对能力（3个条目）、社会支持（3个条目）、依从性（3个条目）、疾病相关知识（5个条目），共5个维度、17个条目，每个条目计1~5分，总分17~105分，得分越高表示病人出院准备度越好。本研究中量表Cronbach's α系数为0.874。
1.3.3　健康宣教满意度
采用医院自制的病人健康教育满意度量表调查病人在院期间对健康教育内容及方式的满意度。量表包括入院宣教、饮食宣教、活动和休息指导、用药指导、手术宣教、自我管理指导、心理指导、出院宣教、健康教育方式9个方面，回答分为一般满意、满意及非常满意3个等级。本研究中量表Cronbach's α系数为0.772。
1.3.4　健康教育机器人使用感受
研究者根据梅紫琦等[11]整合的智能机器人健康教育使用感受结果设计健康教育机器人使用感受评价量表，用于评估干预组病人对机器人健康教育的使用感受。量表包括10个维度、31个条目，总分31~155分，计算各维度百分制得分（维度得分/维度总分×100），得分越高表示病人使用感受越好。本研究中量表Cronbach's α系数为0.802。
1.3.5　成本效益分析
通过成本效益分析比较对照组和干预组单位时间的成本效益。从卫生体系角度开展经济学评价，成本主要包括直接费用[包括仪器设备费（含折旧费和修理费）]、人工成本和耗材成本3个部分，不考虑房屋折旧费及水电费[12]。仪器设备的折旧费和修理费按照以下公式计算：仪器设备费=折旧费+修理费；折旧费=机器人原价÷折旧年限÷（365 d×8 h×60 min）×机器人健康宣教时间（min）；修理费=机器人原价×5%÷（365 d×8 h×60 min）×机器人健康宣教时间（min）。参考浙江省政务网2024年非私营卫生和社会工作在岗职工平均工资（元/年），按照每年12个月、每个月22个工作日、每天8 h工作制计算。人工成本按照以下公式计算：人工成本=平均月工资（22 d×8 h×60 min）×常规健康宣教时间（min）。耗材成本包括冠心病健康手册、跌倒宣教手册等。
1.4　资料收集与质量控制
由2名不参与干预实施的护士进行资料收集，收集前对其进行统一培训与考核，保证资料的准确性和一致性。
1.5　统计学方法
所有资料均采用Epidata 3.1双人录入。应用SPSS 26.0进行统计分析，定性资料采用频数、百分比（%）描述，组间比较采用χ2检验或秩和检验；符合正态分布的定量资料采用均数±标准差（x±s）描述，组间比较采用两独立样本t检验。检验水准α=0.05。
2　结果
收起
2.1　两组一般资料比较
本研究最终纳入病人83例，其中干预组46例、对照组37例。两组一般资料比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05），见表1。
2.2　两组病人出院准备度比较
干预组出院准备度总分及应对能力、依从性、疾病知识维度得分高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），见表2。
2.3　两组病人对健康宣教满意度比较（见表3）
2.4　干预组病人对健康教育机器人的使用感受
结果显示，干预组病人期待健康教育机器人功能设计更加完善、期待得到社会支持得分较高，担心机器人健康教育带来威胁和担心机器人健康教育伦理道德问题得分较低。见表4。
2.5　成本效益分析
参考浙江省政务网2024年非私营卫生和社会工作在岗职工平均工资199 502元/年，计算得护士薪资为1.57元/分钟[13]。机器人原价14.8万元，折旧年限为5年，根据公式计算折旧费为0.17元/分钟，修理费为0.04元/分钟，机器人仪器设备费0.21元/分钟。护士对冠心病病人围术期健康宣教平均时间为46 min，宣教使用耗材成本为2.30元/人次，计算总成本为74.52元/人次。干预组病人下单总计6次，按每次操作1 min计算，机器人健康宣教时间总计58 min；未使用纸质宣教手册，使用智能机器人进行PCI围术期健康宣教成本为21.60元/人次。结果显示，干预组健康宣教成本低于对照组。见表5。
3　讨论
收起
3.1　利用智能机器人进行健康教育有助于提高病人出院准备度
研究结果显示，干预组出院准备度总分及应对能力、依从性、疾病知识维度得分均高于对照组（P<0.05）。一般人口学资料显示，PCI手术多为老年人，文化程度较低，常规健康教育多采用宣教手册结合医护人员口头宣教，病人被动接受大量的健康教育知识，难以掌握疾病管理知识，影响出院准备效果。本研究采用智能机器人巡回式健康教育在提升病人出院准备度方面发挥积极作用。从教育内容呈现形式来看，机器人将健康教育内容细化为知识点，结合视频动画，以语音、文字、动画相结合的方式进行宣教，这种多元化的信息传递模式更符合病人获取知识的习惯，既往研究也表明视频宣教方式更生动形象，病人更易于接受[14]。但与既往研究中病人自主扫描二维码观看视频不同，本研究采用智能机器人进行巡回式健康宣教模式，这种模式保证了健康教育的持续性和全面性，它不受护理人力和时间的限制，能够按照预设路线和时间节点，定时对病人进行宣教，及时解答病人疑问，并在病人未理解时重复宣教，确保健康教育的有效落实，进而提高病人的出院准备度水平。
3.2　智能机器人健康教育有助于提高病人健康宣教满意度
本研究结果显示，干预组病人在活动和休息指导、健康教育方式维度满意度水平高于对照组（P<0.05）。在活动与休息指导方面，智能机器人可提供多种运动类型以满足病人的多样化需求，并配套跟练视频，丰富病人住院期间的活动形式，进而提升其对活动与休息指导相关健康宣教的满意度。在健康教育方式上，机器人的互动式宣教模式给病人带来全新的体验。与传统的单向信息传递方式不同，机器人能够与病人进行简单的对话交流，增强病人的参与感和主动性，这种新颖、有趣的健康教育方式极大地激发了病人的学习兴趣，使病人更愿意主动参与到健康教育过程中，从而提高了对健康教育方式的满意度。然而，干预组在心理指导维度满意度低于对照组（P<0.05），这可能是因为心理指导需要医护人员与病人进行深度的情感交流和共情，而目前机器人在情感理解和回应方面还存在不足，无法完全替代医护人员给予病人足够的情感支持和心理安慰。这一结果与邹文卿等[15]认为机器人缺乏人文关怀的观点一致。医护人员的人文关怀是医疗服务中不可或缺的核心要素，尽管智能机器人无法完全替代医护人员的情感支持，但是未来可持续研发具有更高情感功能的智能机器人，优化机器人的交互逻辑，使其在识别到病人复杂心理需求时，能主动引导病人寻求护士的专业心理支持。
3.3　病人对智能机器人健康教育接受度良好
干预组病人对智能机器人使用感受的结果显示，病人期待机器人功能设计更加科学、期待得到社会支持维度得分较高，感知机器人可爱、易于使用、认同机器人健康教育价值维度得分次之。这表明病人对智能机器人健康教育的接受度良好，认可机器人在健康教育中的价值，并对其未来发展抱有积极的期待。而担心机器人健康教育带来威胁和伦理道德问题维度得分较低，表明病人对机器人在健康教育中的应用安全性和伦理合规性较为担心，提示未来仍需持续关注和进一步规范机器人在临床中的应用。既往研究发现，病人对于新型服务模式的接受受年龄、性别、文化程度、地区等因素影响[16-17]。本研究在长三角地区开展，研究对象具有小学及以上学历，这可能是本研究病人更容易接受智能机器人的原因。还有学者认为老年病人对使用机器人持排斥态度是由于人机交互方式不够友好[6]。本研究使用的智能机器人操作界面简洁，人机交互友好，即使文化程度较低的病人也能在简单指导后与机器人进行互动，这种易用性降低了病人使用机器人的门槛，使得他们更愿意接受机器人作为健康教育的工具。本研究进一步验证了移动健康技术对未来护理的积极效果[18]。
3.4　使用智能机器人健康教育的成本更低
智能机器人健康教育耗时虽然长于护士，但其中包含机器人移动以及重复宣教等时间成本，提示智能机器人健康教育在成本控制方面更具经济性。同时，本研究成本效益分析以单次/单人使用为基准，随着使用频率提高和机器人使用周期延长，其长期成本效益将更加显著。成本效益不仅体现在直接费用降低，更通过提升效率、减少人力资源和优化资源配置实现成本最优化。同时，护士将有更多的时间与病人交流，深入沟通有助于更好地理解病人的情绪状态，发现病人真实需要，及时提供有效护理，有助于建立良好的护患关系，减少职业倦怠水平和护理缺失的发生[19-20]。随着政策支持和技术日趋成熟，智能机器人的成本效益将进一步凸显，为构建低成本、高效率的医疗健康管理体系提供可行路径。未来研究有必要进一步量化不同场景下的成本差异，为资源精准配置提供实证依据。
4　小结与展望
收起
本研究使用智能机器人巡回式健康教育策略，在病人住院期间提供持续且连贯的健康宣教，持续系统的健康知识传递有助于提高病人的出院准备度和满意度，病人普遍表现出对智能机器人的认可与期待，未来可综合考虑应用于不同医疗环境、设计随机对照试验、评估更广泛群体。同时，期望智能护理机器人的功能设计更加全面，例如能根据病人个体疾病特征进行全面评估，提供个性化的健康管理和心理指导；构建智能机器人主导的远程医疗咨询平台，为病人提供院外跟踪随访和咨询服务等，实现全流程病人管理。随着智能护理机器人投入临床使用，未来医护人员和病人对其的认知将更加深入，有望进一步优化其在医疗领域的实践模式。

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2026年第40卷第5期
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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.05.003
  • 接收时间：2025-07-07
  • 首发时间：2026-10-28
  • 出版时间：2026-03-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-07-07
  • 修回日期：2026-01-20
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    1浙江大学医学院附属邵逸夫医院，浙江 313000

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沈丽华，E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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