Article(id=1322167756888322315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322167714660078002, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.022, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743177600000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-29, revisedDate=1761321600000, revisedDateStr=2025-10-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158957931, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1769270400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158957931, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158957931, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158957931, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322167714660078002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='2', pageStart='177', pageEnd='352', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1769270400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-25', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158947863, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158947863, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=334, endPage=339, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322167757127397644, articleId=1322167756888322315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Research progress on weight stigma assessment tools for obese children, columnId=1220689485315101342, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Review Articles, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper introduces the conceptual connotation of weight stigma,reviews the main content and application of weight stigma assessment tools for obese children at home and abroad, further analyzes their limitations,and offers insights for future research,so as to provide reference for the scientific assessment of weight stigma levels in obese children.

, authors=Yafei ZHU1, Qian NIU2, Ruimiao LIANG2, Yao GUAN3, Ting HE4, authorsList=Yafei ZHU, Qian NIU, Ruimiao LIANG, Yao GUAN, Ting HE, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Qian NIU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
NIU Qian, E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1322167757462941965, articleId=1322167756888322315, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=CN, title=肥胖儿童体重污名评估工具的研究进展, columnId=1220689485482873504, journalTitle=护理研究, columnName=科研综述, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

介绍体重污名的概念内涵,对国内外肥胖儿童体重污名评估工具的主要内容、应用情况等进行综述,进一步分析其局限性,并对未来研究方向提出展望,为科学评估肥胖儿童体重污名水平提供参考。

, authors=朱亚菲1, 牛倩2, *, *, 梁瑞苗2, 关瑶3, 何婷4, authorsList=朱亚菲, 牛倩, 梁瑞苗, 关瑶, 何婷, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=牛倩, authorNote=

朱亚菲,护士,硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
牛倩,E-mail:
NIU Qian, E-mail:
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肥胖儿童体重污名评估工具的研究进展
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朱亚菲 1 , 牛倩 2, *, * , 梁瑞苗 2 , 关瑶 3 , 何婷 4
护理研究 | 科研综述 2026,40(2): 334-339
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护理研究 |科研综述 2026 , 40 (2) : 334 -339
肥胖儿童体重污名评估工具的研究进展
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朱亚菲,护士,硕士研究生在读

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朱亚菲1, 牛倩2, *, * , 梁瑞苗2, 关瑶3, 何婷4
作者信息
  • 1陕西中医药大学护理学院,陕西 712046
  • 2陕西省人民医院
  • 3延安大学医学院护理与健康学院
  • 4成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心
通讯作者:
牛倩,E-mail:
NIU Qian, E-mail:
作者简介:

朱亚菲,护士,硕士研究生在读

Research progress on weight stigma assessment tools for obese children
Yafei ZHU1, Qian NIU2 , Ruimiao LIANG2, Yao GUAN3, Ting HE4
Affiliations
  • 1School of Nursing, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Shaanxi 712046 China
  • 2Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital
  • 3School of Nursing and Health, School of Medicine, Yan'an University
  • 4Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center
  • Corresponding Author:
    NIU Qian, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-25 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.022
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介绍体重污名的概念内涵,对国内外肥胖儿童体重污名评估工具的主要内容、应用情况等进行综述,进一步分析其局限性,并对未来研究方向提出展望,为科学评估肥胖儿童体重污名水平提供参考。

体重污名  /  儿童  /  肥胖  /  评估工具  /  综述

This paper introduces the conceptual connotation of weight stigma,reviews the main content and application of weight stigma assessment tools for obese children at home and abroad, further analyzes their limitations,and offers insights for future research,so as to provide reference for the scientific assessment of weight stigma levels in obese children.

weight stigma  /  children  /  obesity  /  assessment tools  /  review
朱亚菲, 牛倩, 梁瑞苗, 关瑶, 何婷. 肥胖儿童体重污名评估工具的研究进展. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (2) : 334 -339 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.022
Yafei ZHU, Qian NIU, Ruimiao LIANG, Yao GUAN, Ting HE. Research progress on weight stigma assessment tools for obese children[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (2) : 334 -339 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.022
儿童肥胖已成为全球严重的健康公共卫生问题之一。已有数据显示,截至2022年,全球5~19岁肥胖症患病人数高达1.59亿例[1]。世界肥胖联合会曾预测,到2035年该年龄段的超重/肥胖比例将突破39%[2]。伴随全球肥胖流行趋势加剧,体重污名(weight stigma,WS)现象引发了学界的广泛关注。既往研究表明,儿童、青少年较易遭受污名化[3]。肥胖儿童不仅承受着来自社会大众的污名,还可能内化形成自我污名认知,最终导致更为严重的生理、心理行为和社会健康问题[4-5]。多学科国际专家组公开发表联合共识声明,提出消除体重歧视的建议,此后国际肥胖防治策略进入去污名化转型阶段[6]。我国在肥胖污名化领域的研究存在明显滞后,学者对体重污名的关注度不足。评估肥胖儿童的体重污名水平,识别高风险患儿并探索其潜在影响机制,有利于制定针对性的干预方案,以减轻肥胖耻辱感,增强体重管理信心,从而解决我国儿童肥胖问题。现对国内外肥胖儿童体重污名的相关评估工具进行综述,以期提高临床医务人员对体重污名的认识,为临床评估工具的合理选择提供参考。
美国社会学家Goffman将体重污名归类于“因身体缺陷或特征而受到污名”,指因体态偏离社会规范而遭受的社会排斥[7]。近年来,学界进一步将其界定为个体因超重或肥胖而受到社会贬低,并将个人懒惰、缺乏改善健康的动力和意志力等负面刻板印象归咎于自身体重[6,8]。通过对体重污名发生机制进行解构,可以形成3种不同类型。1)经历体重污名(experienced weight-stigma),指个体受到外界对自身超重/肥胖的负面评价或歧视行为;2)感知体重污名(perceived weight stigma),其聚焦主体认知维度,指个体感受到客观歧视事件,并将其归因于自身体重;3)内化体重污名(internalized weight stigma),揭示了一种心理内化过程,表现为自我污名认同及身份贬损[9-10]。此外,体重污名也被视作一种动态的过程和结果,指公众对超重/肥胖群体贴上负面刻板印象的标签,进而导致社会对该群体产生偏见和歧视,并使其处于社会劣势地位[11]。在研究范式层面,学界形成了社会公众视角和肥胖群体视角两种分析视角,其中,社会公众视角偏重于探讨污名的施加机制,风险源包括同龄人、朋友、父母或其他家庭成员、教育工作者、医疗保健人员以及社交媒体等[12-13];而肥胖群体视角则关注污名的承受体验,通常表现为个体遭受偏见态度或歧视行为、受伤害、被戏弄和欺凌等[14]。
从受污名群体(肥胖儿童)角度出发,对其体重污名的相关评估工具进行介绍。
WBIS由Durso等[15]针对超重/肥胖成年人编制而成,包含11个条目,采用Likert 7级评分法评分,从“非常不同意”到“非常同意”依次计1~7分,总分为11~77分;其Cronbach's α系数为0.90,具有良好的内部一致性。目前,WBIS已完成在8~12岁学龄儿童中的心理测量学验证[16],且在我国儿童、青少年中也展现出了良好的适用性[17-20]。Chen等[21]以我国儿童为研究对象,基于项目反应理论和经典测试理论形成包含8个条目的中文版WBIS(C-WBIS),其Cronbach's α系数为0.79,表明内部一致性可接受,间隔2周的重测信度较好(r=0.81,P<0.001)。
鉴于原版WBIS在测量不同体重成年人时具有一定局限性,故Pearl等[22]对其进行重构,形成了修订版WBIS(WBIS-M)。Anastasiadou等[23]采用WBIS-M对西班牙青少年展开多中心横断面调查,结果显示,肥胖青少年体重污名的内化水平总体偏高,其中女孩遭受的风险比男孩高6.6倍。Wu等[24]采用WBIS-M进行评估,探讨了体重偏见内化与社会人口学因素(性别、种族、家庭社会经济地位等)及体重戏弄来源(同龄人、家庭成员)的关联,结果发现,家庭社会经济地位和同伴戏弄频率具有强预测效应。郭文等[25]将WBIS-M进行汉化,结果显示汉化后的WBIS-M在青少年群体中具有良好的适用性,验证性因子分析结果显示单维结构模型拟合度较好,内部一致性信度(Cronbach's α系数为0.922)与间隔4周的重测信度(0.915)均达到优秀水平。
为了评估不同体重儿童对体重偏见的内化程度,Zuba等[26]对WBIS进行儿童适应性改造,形成儿童版WBIS(WBIS-C),其适用于9~13岁的学龄儿童。该版量表由10个条目组成,采用Likert 4级评分法评分,从“不同意”到“同意”依次计1~4分;经检验,该版本具有较好的内部一致性信度(Cronbach's α系数为0.86)、结构效度和收敛效度。Gmeiner等[27]对1 061名9~13岁儿童进行调查,采用WBIS-C结合受试者工作特征曲线分析发现,WBIS-C评分≥1.55分可显著预测饮食行为紊乱风险,且与更高的抑郁、焦虑症状评分、更强的身体不满感及低自尊水平相关。
2010年,Lillis等[28]开发出WSSQ,该问卷由自我贬低(条目1~条目6)和污名恐惧(条目7~条目12)2个维度组成,共12个条目,采用Likert 5级评分法评分,从“完全不同意”到“完全同意”依次计1~5分,总分为12~60分;自我贬低维度、污名恐惧维度和总量表的Cronbach's α系数依次为0.812,0.869和0.878。WSSQ可由8~12岁的肥胖儿童自行填写[16]。郭文等[29]将WSSQ应用于我国肥胖青少年,结果显示,WSSQ在干预前测、后测及后效测的Cronbach's α系数分别为0.887,0.872和0.893。
PWSS由Williams等[30]基于日常歧视量表(Everyday Discrimination Scale,EDS)改编而成,便于评估个体对体重相关污名的感知体验。PWSS包含10个条目,采用二分类评分法,“否”计0分,“是”计1分,总分为0~10分,得分越高表示个体对体重污名的感知水平越高;量表的内部一致性良好,其Cronbach's α系数为0.88。Ahorsu等[31]以9 995名青少年为研究对象,使用Rasch分析、验证性因子分析等证实PWSS具有可接受的心理测量特性,且结构方程模型显示体重污名正向预测心理困扰。PWSS在我国儿童、青少年群体中的多项应用研究结果均表明内部一致性较好[19,38]。
Thompson等[32]对外貌相关戏弄量表(Physical Appearance Related Teasing Scale,PARTS)进行修订和扩展后开发出POTS,用于量化评估个体在5~16岁遭受戏弄的经历及感知。量表包含体重戏弄(6个条目)和能力戏弄(5个条目)2个分量表,共11个条目;每个条目均要求从戏弄频率和情绪反应进行评估,评估戏弄频率时从“从不”到“非常频繁”依次计1~5分,评估情绪反应时从“不难过”到“非常难过”依次计1~5分;评分采用条件跳转逻辑(条目的戏弄频率得分>1分时进一步评估对应的情绪反应,否则跳过),总分为11~110分,得分≥12分表明至少经历1次污名事件;2个分量表各维度的信度系数为0.66~0.90。Wong[33]引入POTS形成中文版POTS,其在香港青少年女性群体中的信度较好,Cronbach's α系数为0.93。Wang等[34]使用中文版POTS的体重戏弄分量表开展横断面研究,中介分析结果揭示了体重污名通过压力和抑郁的中介路径影响我国青少年群体睡眠健康的机制。
CATS由Vessey等[35]编制,用于评估11~14岁儿童自我感知的戏弄经历。CATS包含4个维度,共32个条目,其中,个性与行为戏弄维度14个条目,家庭与环境戏弄维度7个条目,学校相关戏弄维度9个条目,身体戏弄维度2个条目,每个条目从频率和痛苦2个方面进行评估,均采用Likert 4级评分法评分,从“从不”到“非常频繁/严重”依次计1~4分,可对条目的频率评分和痛苦评分分别求和得到未加权分数,得分为32~128分,总分为64~256分;也可以计算加权分数,将每个条目的频率评分和痛苦评分相乘后求和,总分为32~512分,得分越高表明儿童被戏弄的次数越多或痛苦程度越大;量表内部一致性较好,其Cronbach's α系数为0.94,4个维度的Cronbach's α系数为0.83~0.90。
WCAS由Faith等[36]以POTS为原型,基于体育活动这一特定情境研制。量表共6个条目,用于测量儿童在体育活动中遭受体重批评的频率及相应情绪困扰的强度,频率评分从“从不”到“非常频繁”依次计1~5分,强度评分从“不难过”到“非常难过”依次计1~5分,沿用POTS的条件评分逻辑,各条目的频率和强度评分之和即为该条目得分,总分为6~60分,得分越高表明因体重受到批评的程度越高;WCAS的可靠性较高,其内部一致性较好,Cronbach's α系数达到0.83。Jensen等[37]通过对376名儿童进行横断面研究发现,在身体活动情境中,同时经历高水平体重批评且伴有明显身体不满的儿童,参与高强度身体活动的频率低于仅经历体重相关批评但未伴随身体不满的儿童。
WeSEI由Ruckwongpatr等[38]依托我国15 991名参与者的大样本数据开发,用于评估个体暴露于不同来源体重污名的频率与强度。量表包括7个维度,共35个条目,分为人际来源(父母、陌生人、重要他人和朋友/同龄人)和非人际来源(电视、传统媒体和社交媒体),采用Likert 5级评分法评分,从“从不”到“几乎总是”依次计1~5分,通过计算各维度条目均分获得维度得分,得分越高表示该来源的体重污名暴露水平越高;心理测量学特性验证表明,WeSEI在不同样本(青少年/成年人)、性别和体重类别中具有测量等值性,内部一致性较好,不同样本中各维度的Cronbach's α系数为0.891~0.980。
SSI由Myers等[39]开发,旨在评估个体遭遇体重相关污名化事件的频率。量表包括儿童歧视性言论、社会负面假设、身体障碍、凝视监控、医疗专业人员不当言论、家人恶意评论、他人恶意评论、社会排斥行为、亲密关系中的体型羞耻、职场歧视以及躯体暴力11个维度,共50个条目,采用Likert 10级评分法评分,从“从不”到“每天”依次计0~9分,计算所有条目均分量化污名暴露程度;该量表具有优异的内部一致性及良好的结构效度,其Cronbach's α系数为0.95。作为衡量体重污名化经历常用的工具之一,SSI的长度导致施测难度加大。Vartanian[40]于2015年对量表进行优化,开发出包括10个条目的简化版SSI(包括SSI-Ba和SSI-Bb),采用Likert 10级评分法评分,从“从不”到“每天”依次计0~9分,总分为0~90分,简化版与原始版本有相当的心理测量学特性,其中推荐使用的SSI-Bb版本在不同样本中的Cronbach's α系数为0.84~0.91,可作为评估体重污名体验的有效工具。
CRI是由Myers等[39]研发的一套应对反应清单,作为SSI的补充评估工具,可系统评估个体应对体重污名所采用的多元化策略。量表包含99个条目,测量维度涵盖认知性应对(如自我对话、认知重评)和行为性应对(如寻求社会支持、对抗性回应);同时区分积极应对(如自我关怀)和消极应对(如负面自我对话、自我孤立)方式。Hayward等[41]通过实证研究构建出10个条目的简化版CRI,包括2个分量表,分别含有5个条目,反映了应对体重污名化的核心策略,即重新评估应对和脱离应对;量表采用Likert 5级评分法评分,从“从未”到“总是”依次计0~4分,总分为0~40分;其在伊朗青少年中[42],验证性因子分析结果显示,双因子模型拟合度较好[近似误差均方根(RMSEA)=0.028,比较拟合优度指数(CFI)=0.996,Tucker-Lewis指数(TLI)=0.994],重新评估应对和脱离应对分量表的Cronbach's α系数和McDonald's ω系数均为0.79和0.88。
PTS由Young-Hyman等[43]编制,用于测量5~10岁超重/肥胖儿童遭受同伴戏弄的频率,共5个条目,采用Likert 3级评分法评分,“从不”计1分,“有时”计2分,“经常”计3分,总分为5~15分,得分越高说明儿童被同伴戏弄的频次越高;主成分分析验证了其单因子结构;量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.76,具有可接受的内部一致性。
Salwen等[44]将体重相关虐待界定为“针对体重的严重言语、身体伤害或虐待行为”,在此基础上编制出WRAQ,用于回顾性评估21岁前经历虐待的平均发生频率。量表包括言语虐待(8个条目)和身体虐待(7个条目)2个维度,各条目从“从未”到“每年超过20次”依次计0~6分,计算条目均分得出最终分数;WRAQ的Cronbach's α系数为0.93。针对报告有虐待经历的受试者,附加设置影响评估模块,提供14项情绪反应清单,每项从“完全没有”到“非常”依次计0~5分,总分为0~70分。同时还补充了调查虐待持续时间、施暴者身份及受虐待时的体型特征。WRAQ已在巴基斯坦的青少年中应用,结果显示,量表的Cronbach's α系数为0.92,言语虐待和身体虐待的Cronbach's α系数分别为0.89和0.93[45]。
1)研发角度:国外对体重污名的关注较早,评估工具类型多样,涉及问卷、量表和情景式模拟工具等;我国多引进国外量表进行汉化使用,缺乏对本土化评估工具的研发。2)评估内容:依据体重污名的分类,各工具的测评内容有所区分。WBIS聚焦于测评体重污名内化水平;WSSQ的自我贬低维度用于评估内化体重污名,而污名恐惧维度则是用于对污名化经历主体性认知(感知体重污名)的评估;PWSS重点关注污名引发的情绪反应;POTS、CATS和WCAS通过事件触发-情感反馈的链式评估方式反映个体感知体重污名的水平;WeSEI、SSI、CRI、PTS以及WRAQ主要调查污名事件的内容,如来源、频率和应对方式等,偏向于调查体重污名的经历。3)施测方式:现有测评方式主要包括自评、他评两类。自评法是目前使用较多的核心评估方式,适用于认知发育较成熟的青少年;他评工具能提供外部补充视角,尤其在表达认知能力受限的儿童中具有不可替代性,但需注意代理报告偏差的影响。
1)应用范围:目前,WBIS、WSSQ等内化体重污名的评估工具使用占主导地位,其条目简洁,儿童可操作性强,支持大规模临床推广。随着对污名内涵研究的深入,逐渐开发出覆盖感知污名、污名应对等的多维度测量工具,且展现出了较好的应用前景。2)应用人群:现有量表的验证样本主要集中于学龄期至青春期儿童,部分工具尚未明确界定年龄适用范围。以WBIS为代表的评估工具不仅适用于肥胖群体,还可用于消瘦、正常体重人群,拓宽了量表应用范围。3)应用场景:体重污名作为一种复杂的社会现象,需充分考虑污名发生的具体场景。根据应用场景差异,现有测评工具可分为普适性工具和特异性工具。普适性工具(如WBIS、WSSQ等),通过标准化条目、量化普遍性体重污名水平,适用于不同人群和多样化场景的横向对比;特异性工具以特定场景为设计核心,如WCAS聚焦校园体育活动这一高污名风险场景捕捉儿童群体的污名体验,使得评估更具针对性和准确性。
肥胖儿童体重污名的评估工具存在一定局限性。1)发展特异性缺失:目前多数量表基于成年人样本标准改编而成,针对肥胖儿童的特异性设计不足,其跨样本一致性仍需验证。2)文化适应性不足:中西方文化差异可增加跨文化研究的复杂性,而国外量表的汉化验证呈现区域局限性,未进行大样本、多中心的信效度检验。此外,在临床应用过程中,研究者常因文化适配问题删改条目,可能导致信效度出现偏差,影响评估结果的准确性和可靠性。3)情境敏感性缺陷:时间维度上,回溯式评估方式难以准确记录污名事件的即时生理、心理反应,也无法动态追踪实时环境因素;空间维度上,家庭、学校、医院等多场景的差异化评估存在缺失,未能有效区分污名在不同环境中的作用机制。4)临床价值有待进一步提高:部分量表强调条目精减原则,导致评估维度相对单一,内容深度不足,限制了研究人员对污名的科学理解。其次,现有工具虽能满足儿科场景下的快速筛查需求,但其结果反馈往往止步于现象层面的识别,特别是在个性化干预策略的制定和建议方面存在明显不足。
1)考虑到儿童认知发展的阶段性特征,未来可开发基于图形量表的视觉评估工具,既能吸引儿童注意力,又能降低其理解难度,适用于年幼或表达能力有限的儿童。2)体重污名是一个多维概念,纵向涵盖污名经历、感知与内化,横向区分施污者与受污者的双向测量。未来研究应致力于构建多维度、综合性的评估体系,根据儿童不同发展阶段特点,从多个层面全面反映肥胖儿童的体重污名水平,为临床研究提供更为丰富和具体的参考内容。3)未来需突破成年人衡量标准的限制,构建契合我国肥胖环境和文化背景的通用衡量标准,以更规范、准确地描绘我国儿童、青少年体重污名的发展轨迹,为制定符合我国国情的肥胖儿童体重污名干预策略提供科学依据。4)儿童自我报告与代理报告往往存在较大差异,未来可建立数据校验机制,以儿童自评量表为核心参考指标,辅以家长、教师版量表的补充性数据,同时结合试验情境下的行为观察数据进行三角验证。5)在数字健康背景下,将体重污名纳入肥胖儿童的心理健康筛查,借助生态瞬时评估技术实现动态监测,基于智能可穿戴设备实时捕获污名事件对儿童产生的生理、心理及认知情绪影响,以更加全面地解析污名情境与个体感知间的交互作用机制。
体重污名制约着肥胖预防、管理和治疗的综合效能,改善儿童健康和福祉的举措必须考虑其潜在危害。我国对于肥胖儿童体重污名的评估主要依赖国外学者研制的工具,在选择评估工具时应充分考量各工具的内容侧重点、优缺点以及适用场景,结合研究内容和儿童认知发展阶段特性,选择最适宜的评估工具。未来还需对已有量表的内容进行更新和修订,注重开发本土化、特异性的评估工具,积极构建多维度评估体系,并采取多源数据校验,以期实施更加可信、有效的评估。此外,利用数字健康技术实现动态监测,同时根据肥胖儿童的发展轨迹进一步细化研究,制定切实、有效的干预措施,防止不良健康结局发生。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.02.022
  • 接收时间:2025-03-29
  • 首发时间:2026-10-28
  • 出版时间:2026-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-29
  • 修回日期:2025-10-25
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    1陕西中医药大学护理学院,陕西 712046
    2陕西省人民医院
    3延安大学医学院护理与健康学院
    4成都市公共卫生临床医疗中心

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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)
属
Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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