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Article(id=1322165050014544507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, issueId=1322164984558243894, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.013, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1743609600000, receivedDateStr=2025-04-03, revisedDate=1763568000000, revisedDateStr=2025-11-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1793158312562, onlineDateStr=2026-10-28, pubDate=1767974400000, pubDateStr=2026-01-10, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1793158312562, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-10-28, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1793158312562, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1793158312562, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1322164984558243894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, year='2026', volume='40', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='176', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1767974400000', pubDateStr='2026-01-10', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1793158296955, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1793158296955, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext=null, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=96, endPage=101, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1322165051952312957, articleId=1322165050014544507, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1220038315760373764, language=EN, title=Analysis of concept of social camouflaging in patients with autism spectrum disorder, columnId=1322165051855843964, journalTitle=Chinese Nursing Research, columnName=Theoretical Study, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
Objective

To define the conceptual connotation of social camouflaging in individuals with autism spectrum disorder using the Walker and Avant classic concept analysis method.

Methods

Keywords were used to search both Chinese and English databases,including PubMed, Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,OVID,EMbase,CNKI,VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database.Manual searches of related literature were also conducted.Literature published from the inception of the databases until March 1,2025 concerning social camouflaging in autism spectrum disorder was systematically screened and analyzed using the Walker and Avant classic concept analysis method.

Results

A total of 58 articles were included.The defining attributes of social camouflaging in individuals with autism spectrum disorder were identified as: masking characteristics,compensatory strategies,assimilation behaviors,and internalized stigma.Antecedents included socio-cultural factors, individual psychological factors, demographic factors, and social environmental factors.Consequences included both positive and negative impacts on autistic individuals, specifically facilitating social adaptation, impairing mental health,and hindering social support and interpersonal relationships.

Conclusions

The concept analysis of social camouflaging in autism spectrum disorder helps healthcare professionals accurately understand related symptoms in autistic patients,optimize diagnosis and treatment approaches, comprehend patients' social strategies and behaviors, and provides a basis for personalized interventions.

, authors=Dandan LUO1, Wenjun DANG2, Jie LUO3, Yuwei JIANG4, 5, authorsList=Dandan LUO, Wenjun DANG, Jie LUO, Yuwei JIANG, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=Yuwei JIANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
JIANG Yuwei, E-mail:
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目的

应用Walker-Avant经典概念分析法界定孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的概念内涵。

方法

使用关键词检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、OVID、EMbase、中国知网、维普中文期刊服务平台、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学数据库等中英文数据库，并进行手工检索相关文献，系统筛选了从建库至2025年3月1日公开发表的与孤独症谱系障碍社交伪装相关的文献，并采用Walker-Avant经典概念分析法进行分析。

结果

共纳入58篇文献，其中孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的定义属性包括掩饰特征、补偿策略、同化行为以及内化耻辱；前因包括社会文化因素、个体心理因素、人口学因素以及社会环境因素；后果包括对孤独症病人的积极影响和消极影响，分别是促进社会适应、损害心理健康以及阻碍社会支持和人际关系。

结论

通过对孤独症谱系障碍社交伪装进行概念分析，有利于医护人员精准把握孤独症病人的相关病症、优化其诊疗方式，理解病人的社交策略和行为举止，为个性化干预提供相关依据。

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罗丹丹，护士，硕士研究生在读

, correspAuthorsNote=
姜雨微，E-mai:
JIANG Yuwei, E-mail:
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孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的概念分析
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罗丹丹 1 , 党文军 2 , 罗杰 3 , 姜雨微 4, 5, *, *
护理研究 | 理论研究 2026,40(1): 96-101
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护理研究 |理论研究 2026 , 40 (1) : 96 -101
孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的概念分析
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罗丹丹1, 党文军2, 罗杰3, 姜雨微4, 5, *, *
作者信息
  • 1佳木斯大学临床医学院，黑龙江 154007
  • 2黑龙江中医药大学
  • 3贵州中医药大学第一附属医院
  • 4佳木斯大学康复医学院
  • 5黑龙江省小儿脑性瘫痪防治疗育中心博士后科研工作站
通讯作者:
姜雨微，E-mai:
JIANG Yuwei, E-mail:
作者简介:

罗丹丹，护士，硕士研究生在读

Analysis of concept of social camouflaging in patients with autism spectrum disorder
Dandan LUO1, Wenjun DANG2, Jie LUO3, Yuwei JIANG4, 5
Affiliations
  • 1Clinical Medical College, Jiamusi University, Heilongjiang 154007 China
  • 2Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine
  • 3The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
  • 4Rehabilitation Medical College,Jiamusi University
  • 5Postdoctoral Research Station of Heilongjiang Provincial Center for Prevention, Treatment, and Education of Children with Cerebral Palsy
    • Corresponding Author:
    JIANG Yuwei, E-mail:
出版时间: 2026-01-10 doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.013
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摘要
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目的

应用Walker-Avant经典概念分析法界定孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的概念内涵。

方法

使用关键词检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、OVID、EMbase、中国知网、维普中文期刊服务平台、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学数据库等中英文数据库，并进行手工检索相关文献，系统筛选了从建库至2025年3月1日公开发表的与孤独症谱系障碍社交伪装相关的文献，并采用Walker-Avant经典概念分析法进行分析。

结果

共纳入58篇文献，其中孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的定义属性包括掩饰特征、补偿策略、同化行为以及内化耻辱；前因包括社会文化因素、个体心理因素、人口学因素以及社会环境因素；后果包括对孤独症病人的积极影响和消极影响，分别是促进社会适应、损害心理健康以及阻碍社会支持和人际关系。

结论

通过对孤独症谱系障碍社交伪装进行概念分析，有利于医护人员精准把握孤独症病人的相关病症、优化其诊疗方式，理解病人的社交策略和行为举止，为个性化干预提供相关依据。

孤独症谱系障碍  /  社交伪装  /  概念分析
Objective

To define the conceptual connotation of social camouflaging in individuals with autism spectrum disorder using the Walker and Avant classic concept analysis method.

Methods

Keywords were used to search both Chinese and English databases,including PubMed, Web of Science,the Cochrane Library,OVID,EMbase,CNKI,VIP Chinese Journal Service Platform,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database.Manual searches of related literature were also conducted.Literature published from the inception of the databases until March 1,2025 concerning social camouflaging in autism spectrum disorder was systematically screened and analyzed using the Walker and Avant classic concept analysis method.

Results

A total of 58 articles were included.The defining attributes of social camouflaging in individuals with autism spectrum disorder were identified as: masking characteristics,compensatory strategies,assimilation behaviors,and internalized stigma.Antecedents included socio-cultural factors, individual psychological factors, demographic factors, and social environmental factors.Consequences included both positive and negative impacts on autistic individuals, specifically facilitating social adaptation, impairing mental health,and hindering social support and interpersonal relationships.

Conclusions

The concept analysis of social camouflaging in autism spectrum disorder helps healthcare professionals accurately understand related symptoms in autistic patients,optimize diagnosis and treatment approaches, comprehend patients' social strategies and behaviors, and provides a basis for personalized interventions.

autism spectrum disorder  /  social camouflaging  /  concept analysis
罗丹丹, 党文军, 罗杰, 姜雨微. 孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的概念分析. 护理研究, 2026 , 40 (1) : 96 -101 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.013
Dandan LUO, Wenjun DANG, Jie LUO, Yuwei JIANG. Analysis of concept of social camouflaging in patients with autism spectrum disorder[J]. Chinese Nursing Research, 2026 , 40 (1) : 96 -101 . DOI: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.013
正文
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孤独症谱系障碍(autism spectrum disorder,ASD) 是一种神经发育障碍，其特征是社交沟通缺陷和兴趣受限、重复或受限的行为模式[1]。近年来，ASD的发病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。根据美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）2020年公布的数据显示，ASD的发病率已高达2.76%[2]，我国6~12岁儿童孤独症谱系障碍的发病率约为0.7%[3]。近年来，我国逐渐加强对ASD病人康复与治疗的重视，但社会对ASD的认知普及率仍然较低。研究表明，社交伪装在ASD病人中较为常见，是ASD病人为了更好地融入社会，从而采取的各种补偿缺陷的方式，来隐藏或伪装自身的孤独症特征[4]。当前，孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装相关研究尚处于起步阶段，国内外学者对该概念的界定仍不明晰。概念界定的模糊性易影响学术研究和实践应用，同时限制其相关理论体系的发展。鉴于此，本研究运用Walker-Avant经典概念分析法[5]，对孤独症谱系障碍社交伪装的定义属性、前因后果以及相关测量工具等要素展开深入探究，以期为推动该领域理论研究的深化以及实践应用的拓展提供参考。
1　资料与方法
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1.1　文献检索
采用“自由词+主题词”的方式，检索PubMed、Web of Science、Cochrane Library、OVID、EMbase、中国知网、维普中文期刊服务平台、万方数据知识服务平台、中国生物医学数据库等中英文数据库。中文检索词为：孤独症谱系障碍、孤独症、自闭症；伪装、社交伪装、社会伪装。英文检索词为：autism，autism spectrum disorder，ASD；camouflage，camouflaging，social camouflaging，social camouflage。检索时限为建库至2025年3月1日。
1.2　文献纳入与排除标准
纳入标准：研究对象为孤独症谱系障碍病人；以社交伪装为主要研究内容；涉及社交伪装的概念、前因后果、影响因素、测量工具和结局指标等内容；文献仅限于中文或英文。排除标准：非中英文语言文献；仅讨论孤独症谱系障碍但与社交伪装无关的文献；重复发表或无法获取全文者；硕士论文或博士论文等文献。
1.3　筛选和数据提取
根据检索策略进行搜索，共检索文献497篇，将检索出来的所有文献导入EndNote X9软件进行筛选去重后剩余207篇，根据纳入与排除标准，阅读题目和摘要后剩余109篇，阅读全文后最终获得58篇文献，其中英文文献57篇，中文文献1篇。
1.4　文献分析方法
本研究采用Walker-Avant经典概念分析法，包括8个步骤：1）选定概念；2）明确概念分析的目的；3）确定概念在文献中的应用；4）明确概念的定义属性；5）分析前因后果；6）构建范例；7）识别临界案例和反向案例；8）提供实证测量指标。数据的收集和文献的分析由2名研究人员独立进行，如遇分歧，双方进行讨论以达成共识，必要时采取第3方裁定。
2　结果
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2.1　社交伪装概念的产生与应用
社交伪装的英文翻译为“social camouflaging”，它是由社交和伪装两个词组成的复合词，其中“camouflaging”的词源可以追溯到法语单词“camoufler”，意为“伪装”或 “掩饰”。伪装是在第一次世界大战期间进入英国，最初用于描述军事上的伪装技术[6]。“社交伪装”最早在孤独症研究中被明确提出，用于描述孤独症个体通过模仿或调整自己的行为以适应社交环境的现象[7]。2017年，Hull等[8]进一步阐述了社交伪装的概念，将其定义为孤独症病人有意识或无意识地改变自己的行为以适应非孤独症病人。2021年，Cook等[9]将社会伪装定义为孤独症病人采用特定的行为和认知策略来适应或应对主要非孤独症的社交世界，其策略常通过抑制重复的手部动作和强迫眼神交流等行为和表现来实现。Funawatari等[10]将社交伪装认为是在日常社交场合中，一些孤独症病人通过隐藏他们的孤独症特征或通过替代认知和行为策略来补偿社交困难，策略性地在他人面前展示和维持“神经典型”行为。Hannon等[11]认为社交伪装是在社交互动中掩盖或补偿孤独症特征，它可以包括有意识地努力显得“不像孤独症”，以及潜意识中对孤独症特征的压抑。在孤独症谱系障碍的研究中，国内文献对社交伪装概念的研究较少，尚无明确的定义。其中魏寿洪等[12]将社会伪装引入中国，认为孤独症谱系障碍的社交伪装是采用一定的策略来隐藏自己的孤独症谱系障碍特征，以此来适应社会的一种行为方式。综上所述，本研究认为孤独症谱系障碍病人的社交伪装是一种通过改变行为和认知策略来适应非孤独症社交环境的现象，旨在隐藏或补偿孤独症特征，以更好地融入社会的一种状态。孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的概念框架见图1。
2.2　社交伪装的定义属性
定义属性是概念最重要的特征之一。对定义属性进行深入探究，也就是剖析概念所蕴含的特征、内涵以及具体组成部分。这一过程不仅能够从本质上把握概念的本质，更能有效地将其与其他相似概念进行区分，从而构建更为准确、严谨的知识认知体系[13]。本研究通过对文献系统的分析，将社交伪装的定义属性归纳为内化耻辱、掩饰特征、补偿策略以及同化行为。
2.2.1　掩饰特征（masking traits）
掩饰特征即隐藏自身特质或特点。在日常生活中，孤独症病人常常会选择掩饰或隐藏自己的孤独症特征。相关研究表明，具有“隐蔽身份”或“不被社会接纳身份”的个体，会采取披露身份和隐藏身份2种应对策略，而大部分孤独症病人更倾向于后者，他们会努力遵循社会规范，通过抑制自我刺激行为和强迫自己与他人进行眼神交流等来维持自己与正常群体相同的特征[14-15]。通过掩饰那些可能不被社会接受的症状，展现出更符合大众期待的行为模式，从而避免可能遭受的污名与歧视[16]。然而，对其特征的掩饰也会给自身带来一定的心理负担，例如产生焦虑、抑郁情绪或陷入自我认同的困惑之中[14]。
2.2.2　补偿策略（compensatory strategies）
补偿策略是个体通过借助特定行为或技能来弥补社交和沟通相关方面的困难[17]。补偿一般分为浅层和深层两种形式，浅层的补偿通过抑制与孤独症相关的行为来实现，例如避免过度谈论某一话题或假装进行眼神交流；深层的补偿通过设计更为复杂的社会认知策略来弥补自身的不足，例如练习恰当的面部表情或研究社交规则等，以便生成适应特定社会环境的新行为[18-19]。浅层和深层的策略意在减少非典型行为的展现，其关键在于即使孤独症谱系障碍核心认知和神经生物学缺陷存在，也能帮助孤独症病人更好地融入社交场合，通过主动学习并调整行为填补社交技能的空缺，进而提升社交表现[17,19-20]。
2.2.3　同化行为（assimilating behaviors）
同化行为是个体通过模仿或调整自己的行为、兴趣和表达方式，以适应正常人群的社交规范[20]。这种同化行为通常表现为模仿他人的肢体语言、衣着风格或兴趣爱好，以更好地融入社交环境[21]。例如，孤独症个体可能会强迫自己发展闲聊技能或在社交场合中刻意表现出“正常”的行为模式，尽管这些行为可能与其自然倾向不符。同化行为的核心目的是通过主动调整自身表现，减少与神经典型群体的差异，从而避免被排斥或歧视[14]。
2.2.4　内化耻辱（internalized stigma）
内化耻辱是指孤独症个体将社会或他人对孤独症的刻板印象内化为自我认知，导致自我认为孤独症谱系障碍是缺陷并需要伪装或隐藏[22]。内化耻辱常源于曾经的负面经历或情绪，从而希望寻求社会接纳或避免歧视的动机[23]。孤独症病人经历了其身份的污名化可能会通过伪装孤独症的特征或行为，以同化非孤独症的文化规范，从而在日常生活或社交关系中获得接受[8]。然而，孤独症身份的隐藏和内化耻辱感与较差的心理健康结局相关，可能阻碍个体发展积极的自我价值感和集体自尊心，同时影响其建立共享的孤独症群体身份并认识自身优势[24]。内化耻辱感是推动孤独症病人进行社交伪装的重要因素之一[25]。
3　社交伪装的前因后果
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3.1　前因
前因是概念形成前所必备的条件，包含概念出现前的事件以及相关影响因素[5]。孤独症谱系障碍社交伪装的前因包括社会文化因素、个体心理因素、人口学因素以及社会环境因素4个方面。
3.1.1　社会文化因素
孤独症病人选择社交伪装的关键因素之一，是由于社会对孤独症的负面评价以及污名化[26]。相关研究表明，有80%的孤独症病人会遭受正常群体的负面评价，这种社会耻辱感的出现，导致病人不得不隐藏自身特质，从而避免被边缘化、遭受偏见和受到伤害[15,27]。此外，由于社会对女性和男性有着不同的期望（例如女性被赋予更高的社交需求），这也导致孤独症女性病人更倾向于社交伪装，从而使其符合社会规范，实现社会归属感[28]。
3.1.2　个体心理因素
孤独症病人由于渴望融入社会、得到他人认可、结交朋友以及避免被孤立的心理，会选择伪装其自身孤独症的身份[26]。有研究表明，这些心理需求与自我表征相关的神经机制（如腹内侧前额叶区域的激活）紧密相连[29]。同时，孤独症的伪装行为还与多种心理健康问题相关，例如抑郁、焦虑、社交焦虑和倦怠等[30]，这间接表明心理压力是引发伪装行为的重要前提条件之一。在内部耻辱感（对自身身份的否定）和外部耻辱感（社会歧视）共同作用下，促使伪装行为发生[31]。
3.1.3　人口学因素
年龄和性别等人口学特征同样有可能对孤独症病人的社交伪装产生影响。相关研究表明，通过对孤独症神经解剖学的研究发现，病人内侧颞叶和小脑体积较小，与孤独症女性较高的伪装行为存在关联[29]。同时，有研究发现，年龄增长和社会成熟度的变化也会对伪装行为造成影响，随着年龄的增长和社会阅历的增加，孤独症病人可能会对社交伪装策略进行调整，从而更好地适应社交环境[32]。
3.1.4　社会环境因素
孤独症病人进行社交伪装的重要外部推动因素之一，是由于社会环境中存在的歧视、偏见和欺凌的现象。为了在学校、工作场合或者人际关系中被接纳并取得成功，孤独症病人可能会选择隐藏自身特征，或采取其他认知与行为策略，来展现出“神经典型”行为[27,33]。这种伪装行为不仅是为了躲避社会耻辱，同时也是为了提升就业和职业发展前景，降低遭受欺凌和歧视的可能性[34]。
3.2　后果
后果是指因概念存在或作用而引发的一系列事件或结果。孤独症谱系障碍社交伪装的后果包含促进社会适应、损害心理健康以及社会支持和人际关系3个方面。
3.2.1　促进社会适应
社交伪装对孤独症病人具有一定的积极作用，主要体现在3个方面。1）促进社会融合：孤独症的社交伪装能够促进其人际关系的建立和维护，帮助他们在学校、工作场所和社交活动中获得接受和成功[33]。2）免受伤害：伪装可以降低病人遭受欺凌、偏见和歧视的风险，为他们提供一定程度的社会适应性保护[35]。3）建立复原力和克服挑战：孤独症病人通过伪装，有机会提高他们的人际关系、职业发展和增强适应社会的能力，从而提高独立性和生活满意度[33,36]。
3.2.2　损害心理健康
社交伪装易对孤独症病人的心理健康造成负面影响，主要体现在3个方面。1）诱发情绪问题：有研究表明，伪装与焦虑、抑郁、社交焦虑和自杀风险增加密切相关，长期伪装会导致心理压力累积，引发情绪症状和心理健康危机[30,33]。2）导致身心疲惫：伪装需要持续的认知和情感努力，导致病人感到筋疲力尽、社交超负荷和压力反应，进而影响身体和心理健康[8,37]。3）威胁自我认知：伪装可能导致病人产生欺骗感、虚假感和负面自我导向情绪，加剧损害自我认同和自我接受[22]。
3.2.3　阻碍社会支持和人际关系
社交伪装对孤独症的社会支持和人际关系易产生负面影响，主要体现在两个方面。1）延迟孤独症的诊断和支持：伪装可能掩盖孤独症特征，导致漏诊，阻碍病人获得及时的心理健康治疗和社会支持[8]。2）影响人际关系：伪装可能会减少社会关系中的真实性和亲密感，导致病人与他人之间的疏离感，进一步加剧社会孤独[8-9]。
4　案例
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4.1　经典案例
典型案例包含概念所有的定义属性[5]。王先生，22岁，诊断为孤独症谱系障碍15年，并且从小不爱说话和接触他人，常沉浸在自己的世界中。7岁时，父母发现王先生对电脑感兴趣，故精心培养王先生学习电脑相关技术。在父母坚持不懈地培养下，王先生考取了某大学的计算机专业。在日常学习中，王先生常独自面对电脑，同学们对其病情毫不知情。由于王先生从小被他人嘲笑与排斥，认为自己与他人不同，使其内心深处不能接纳自己是一名孤独症病人（内化耻辱），所以在与同学的相处中，王先生极力隐瞒自己是孤独症谱系障碍病人，坚决不向同学说明病情。他刻意控制自己的行为举止，避免表现出与孤独症相关的刻板行为与动作（掩饰特征），同时强迫自己与同学进行眼神交流，避免谈论自己感兴趣的话题（补偿策略），他还经常观察和模仿同学的社交方式来调整自己的行为、兴趣和表达方式（同化行为）。长期的社交伪装使王先生压力骤增，逐渐变得焦虑、抑郁，自我认同感也逐渐模糊，生活与工作都受到严重影响。
4.2　临界案例
临界案例不包含概念的任何定义属性，有助于更好地明确和理解概念的特有属性[5]。李女士，30岁，是一名患病20余年的孤独症谱系障碍病人。从小喜欢画画，在父母培养下，成为一名设计师。目前在一家设计公司就职，入职前李女士向公司负责人及其同事说明自身真实情况，得到负责人和同事的理解与关心。由于李女士的才华和特殊情况，公司为其提供了较为安静的办公岗位。在温馨的工作环境中，李女士能够与同事自然相处，虚心向同事请教，积极表达自己的想法，尽管偶尔感到不适，但她始终感受到同事的支持与帮助。这种环境让李女士逐渐放松自己，接纳孤独症是自己独特的一部分。并且，在负责人和同事长期的赏识与夸奖下，李女士逐渐提升自己的自信心和认同感，感觉生活和工作充满了希望和能量。
5　社会伪装的测评工具
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目前，评估孤独症社会伪装情况应用最为广泛的工具之一是伪装孤独症特征问卷（CAT-Q）[21]。该问卷由Hull等[21]基于孤独症成人伪装行为的定性分析和相关理论模型开发，包含25个项目，采用李克特7级评分法，得分越高表明伪装程度越高[31]。CAT-Q主要测量补偿、掩蔽和同化3个因素，反映个体在社交中的适应策略，其信效度表现良好，内部一致性系数（0.88）和各子量表Cronbach's系数均较高。目前已有英文版和日本版等多个语言版本，适用于不同地区[26,38]。然而，由于CAT-Q主要基于孤独症成人经历开发，在儿童和青少年群体中缺乏验证，判断标准尚不明确，测评效果有待进一步提升[39]。
6　小结
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本研究采用Walker-Avant经典概念分析法对孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装进行了深入分析，将其定义属性归纳为掩饰特征、补偿策略、同化行为和内化耻辱。通过明确前因后果，进一步深化了对孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的理解。其中，前置因素包括社会文化因素、个体心理因素、人口学因素以及社会环境因素；后果主要表现为心理健康损害和社会支持与关系的阻碍，但在某些情况下，社交伪装也可能对孤独症病人产生积极作用，例如促进社会适应。
目前，关于孤独症谱系障碍病人社交伪装的研究仍存在一定局限性，主要体现在以下方面：1）国内外关于孤独症社交伪装的研究水平存在差异，国外研究相对较多且深入，而国内研究仍处于起步阶段，亟须加强本土化研究。2）目前研究方法以质性研究和横断面研究为主，缺乏相关临床试验，未来可结合纵向研究和干预性研究，进一步验证社交伪装的影响机制。3）测评工具较为有限，主要测评对象为孤独症成人，尚未检索到专门针对儿童和青少年开发相应的测评工具，未来可结合不同年龄段的特征，开发更具针对性的评估工具。本研究为孤独症谱系障碍病人的社交伪装研究提供了新视角，未来可加强国内外学术交流，结合多学科方法探索干预策略，并开发针对性测评工具，促进病人社会适应能力，推动其全面康复与发展。

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doi: 10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.013
  • 接收时间：2025-04-03
  • 首发时间：2026-10-28
  • 出版时间：2026-01-10
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  • 收稿日期：2025-04-03
  • 修回日期：2025-11-20
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    1佳木斯大学临床医学院，黑龙江 154007
    2黑龙江中医药大学
    3贵州中医药大学第一附属医院
    4佳木斯大学康复医学院
    5黑龙江省小儿脑性瘫痪防治疗育中心博士后科研工作站

通讯作者:

姜雨微，E-mai:
JIANG Yuwei, E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/hlyj/CN/10.12102/j.issn.1009-6493.2026.01.013
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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