The Rössing mine in Namibia is the earliest alaskite-type uranium mine，ranking the top 10 globe uranium mines. However，the backup resources are seriously insufficient，therefore it is urgent to carry out exploration to expand resources and ensure the sustainable development of the mine. Based on the secondary data development，the authors carried out field geological survey，large-scale geological mapping，and ground energy spectrum measurement on the main uranium deposits in the mining area，studied the typical uranium deposit and identified uranium mineralization characteristics and ore-controlling factors. It was considered that the alaskite-type uranium deposit was the products of regional tectonic-magmatic evolution，which was crystallized from granitic magma. The ore-forming material was derived from the anatexis of the ancient basement rocks. The diversity of source rocks and the heterogeneity of melting resulted in the capacity variations in the ore-bearing alaskite. The localization of the deposit is controlled by NNE-trending regional faults, dome (fold) turning ends and structural variation sites. Ore-bearing pluton intruded along the structural and weak stratigraphic planes，with post-mineralization hydrothermal alteration and supergene leaching and enrichment.On the basis of summarizing the geological background, metallogenic and ore-controlling pattern of uranium mineralization，this paper defined the prediction factors of uranium mineralization and extracted the prediction factors including uranium deposits buffer zones，alaskite distribution areas，regional tectonic buffer zones，marble exocontact zones，alteration development zones, aerial radiometric uranium anomaly zones and ground gamma spectrometry anomaly zones. Using the comprehensive information geological unit method，uranium metallogenic prediction was conducted and 14 new uranium prospective sectors were delineated in the Rössing mining licence area with approximately 140 000 tons potential resources. This achievement indicated significant uranium potential in the periphery of the Rössing deposit and worthy more exploration efforts. The 5 predicted level-A prospects are the focus for the next exploration. Among which，the A₁（Z17-19）sector has been verified as a super-large uranium deposit through drilling，demonstrating remarkable prospecting achievements.

Hydrogeological conditions are crucial for the site selection and long-term safety assessment of high-level radioactive waste (HLW) disposal repositories. This study focuses on the groundwater circulation characteristics of Xinchang preselected site and its southern periphery of the Beishan area for HLW disposal. A comprehensive approach employing multiple environmental isotopes, hydrodynamics, and numerical modelling was used to investigate groundwater circulation within the study area. Results indicated that groundwater in shallow loose sediments exhibited relatively rapid renewal rates, with an average age generally less than 30 years. The apparent ¹⁴C age of deep bedrock groundwater generally exceeding 10 ka within the underground research laboratory (URL) site. There was no evidence of contributions from deep crustal or mantle sources to groundwater within the region. Within the Xinchang site, the groundwater head shows pronounced vertical stratification, with a higher hydraulic head in shallow zones than in deeper ones. Groundwater in boreholes distant from the gully shows weak hydraulic connectivity with precipitation, and the groundwater level often exhibits periodic fluctuations. The groundwater flow systems can be categorized into three types: regional, intermediate, and local. The local flow system was the most active, accounting for over 80 % of the total flux. These characteristics showed that the hydrogeological conditions in the study area were favorable for the geological disposal of HLW.

Deep geological disposal is currently internationally recognized most technically feasible method for the safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste. The chemical characteristics of groundwater at the disposal site are crucial for the design of engineering barriers and safety assessment of the disposal facility. This paper summarizes and compares the research achievements in groundwater chemistry，isotopes，and groundwater chemical modeling in the United States，Sweden，Finland，Switzerland，and France. Combining the foreign achievement with the current research status of high-level radioactive waste geological disposal in China，the paper proposes that China need to conduct further research on aspects such as the vertical distribution of groundwater chemistry at the site，groundwater microorganisms, dissolved gases in groundwater, the redox conditions of the site, and the paleoclimate of the site. Based on the above achievement，a hydrogeochemical model of the disposal site should be developed to evaluate the safety and stability of the disposal site at a timescale of tens of thousands years. This study aims to provide a reference for China’s research on groundwater chemistry at high-level radioactive waste disposal sites.

In order to accurately measure ²³²Th in the waste residues of associated radioactive mines, especially for the measurement of slag samples under non-equilibrium conditions, and to provide data support for radiation environment supervision, a method for measuring ²³²Th in slag using a high-purity germanium γ spectrometer was established. The method involves indirect measurement by selecting the characteristic γ rays of the daughter nuclides in the decay chain of ²³²Th, and calculating its specific activity by the relative comparison method. The slag samples in a non-equilibrium state are sealed for 20 days to enable ²²⁸Ra and ²²⁸Ac to reach equilibrium, and ²²⁸Th, ²²⁴Ra and subsequent daughter nuclides to reach equilibrium. Then, the specific activity of the parent nuclide ²³²Th is obtained through conversion relationships. This method is accurate and efficient, with a detection limit of 1.1 Bq・kg^-1, a precision better than 5 %, and a relative error lower than 5 %. The method of measuring ²³²Th in slag using a high-purity germanium γ spectrometer does not require complex chemical treatment, which makes up for the deficiencies of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The calculation method under non-equilibrium conditions is also more reliable than using the average value of a single characteristic peak or multiple characteristic peaks.

The Ordos basin is the second largest energy basins in China，and several large uranium ore deposits have been discovered. The upper member of Lower Cretaceous Huanhe formation in the basin is the main prospecting horizon. In this paper，the uranium mineralization characteristics and metallogenic mechanism of Lower Cretaceous Huanhe formation in northern Ordos basin are studied by means of geological characteristics，altered mineral association，rock geochemistry and the metallogenic model is established. The three superimposed system domains of Lower Cretaceous Huanhe formation formed a fine-coarse-fine stratigraphic structure，which provided a foundation for the migration of uranium ore-forming fluids in the later period. In the early stage of mineralization，the scale of the oxidation zone was limited，and the main alteration minerals were hematite，limonite，pyrite，chalcopyrite，sphalerite，calcite and coffinite，etc. The metallogenic environment were of strong reducing capacity，the ore-forming fluid were strongly alkaline，and intense water-rock interaction occured. In the middle and late stage of mineralization，the oxidation zone advanced into the basin，a strong REDOX reaction developed ，the primary ore zone and reduction zone were formed，and the metallogenic environment maintained the early strong reducibility. The main altered minerals in this period were hematite，limonite，pyrite，montmorillonite，chlorite and uranite. With the mixing of ore-forming fluids，ore-forming fluids gradually turn to weak alkaline，uranyl silicate ions decomposed，and a large amount of uranite was formed.

High-quality field seismic data are fundamental to the refined processing of seismic signals and the accurate interpretation of geological information. A scientifically designed observation system is essential to ensure data quality and imaging effectiveness. In complex geological settings，traditional acquisition systems are prone to insufficient energy coverage and imaging shadow zones，which hinder the identification of reflection signals and the detailed delineation of target structures. To enhance seismic imaging performance under such conditions，this study conducts a systematic investigation into acquisition parameter optimization for observation systems in structurally complex areas，based on an illumination analysis approach using the one-way wave equation. Forward illumination analysis is first employed to optimize the layout of sources and receivers, thereby improving energy coverage over target horizons. Subsequently，reverse illumination analysis is used to refine shot point densification，receiver array length，and channel spacing，aiming to enhance energy acquisition and wavefield coverage. A two-dimensional geological model is constructed，and forward modeling is performed to quantitatively compare the illumination energy distribution before and after optimization，leading to the determination of acquisition parameters that meet imaging requirements. Results show that the optimized observation system effectively reduces imaging shadows in complex structural zones，improves profile continuity and reflection energy response，and exhibits strong adaptability and engineering feasibility. The proposed optimization workflow has been applied and validated in an actual survey area，demonstrating consistent improvements in imaging performance. This work confirmed the practical value of illumination-based analysis in the acquisition design for complex geological conditions and established a parameter configuration methodology suitable for fault-intensive zones and sand body development areas，which will provide a replicable design reference and technical path for future seismic exploration.

Zoujiashan uranium deposit is located in the west of Xiangshan ore field ，which is the biggest volcanic-type uranium ore deposits in China. The exploration in recent years have found some uranium ore bodies. Based on the finished achievement of the research and exploration practice, this papers summarized the location of uranium ore bodies in Zoujiashan as the 6 positions：1）fractures zones in main fault；2）steep parts created by volcanic collapse structures；3）the junction of faults；4）secondary fracture zone in the side of main fault；5）clamping parts of parallel faults；6）the junction of volcanic collapse structures，faults，interface of different rock. We proposed three favorable location for the future exploration, they are the stable fissure-dense sector of zone 2 in hanging the wall of F₆ main faults，the secondary fissure sector of Zone 1 beside the F₂ fault，and a “waterfall”-like interface between different rock strata in zone 4. The first and second sector should preliminary explore shallow；the third one may explore -250 m elevation or deeper. The proposed sector provide not ideas for exploring uranium deposit in Zoujiashan area，but also the resource for the mining enterprises.

Traditional mining operations，constrained by technological limitations such as insufficient accuracy in ore body exploration and low automation levels in mining equipment，as well as natural constraints including complex geological structures and harsh underground conditions，have long suffered from persistent systemic issues including low precision in mining processes，declining production efficiency, and accumulating safety risks，thereby severely constrained the high-quality development of the mining industry. With the rapid advancement of information technology，smart mining technology has emerged as a crucial solution to address these issues and promote industrial transformation. Based on systematic analysis and summarization of key technologies in smart mining，this study designed and developed an integrated management platform to achieve intelligent management and efficient operation of smart mines. Particularly through the integration and application of communication technologies，Internet of Things (IoT)，big data analytics，and cloud computing，this platform significantly enhances mining safety and production efficiency. Through deep integration of 5G and IoT technologies，smart mining systems have significantly improved data transmission speed and stability while supporting massive real-time data transfer. IoT devices equipped with multiple sensors enable comprehensive monitoring of environmental parameters (temperature/humidity)，equipment status，and personnel positioning，establishing a highly interconnected intelligent system. The convergence of big data and cloud computing technologies effectively addresses complex and massive data demands in mining operations，achieving real-time data sharing and distributed processing while optimizing data storage and computational efficiency. Combined with big data analytics，smart mining systems can rapidly analyze multi-dimensional data and perform deep mining to provide accurate trend predictions. Future advancements in technology and management models are expected to enable higher-level intelligentization and automation in smart mines，providing robust support for the high-quality development of the mining industry.

In order to make the distribution of lateral physical properties and layer parameters between adjacent measuring points smoother and more continuous and reduce the limitations of a single geophysical inversion method，a pseudo-two-dimensional lateral constrained joint inversion study of controlled source audio frequency magnetotelluric method (CSAMT) and micro-motion spectrum ratio method was carried out. The microtremor data is numerically simulated using the spectral ratio method，combined with the CSAMT-based limited memory BFGS (L-BFGS) inversion algorithm，introducing the lateral constraint theory，and adding the cross-gradient function to achieve the mutual coupling of two different physical parameters. A set of quasi-two-dimensional lateral constraint joint inversion algorithms was developed，and the accuracy and effectiveness of the algorithms were verified through two sets of theoretical models. Meanwhile，the inversion algorithm is used to invert the measured data in Yanqing，Beijing. The results show that there is a good correspondence between the abrupt interface morphology of resistivity and shear wave velocity，which proves the practical value of the laterally constrained joint inversion algorithm.

The Beishan high-level radioactive waste disposal pit in China is planned to be excavated by a small-diameter blind shaft boring machine，and the gage cutter is the key component of the boring machine to control the accuracy of the hole and the most vulnerable to loss. Its reasonable design and layout are the premise to realize the efficient excavation of the high-level radioactive waste disposal pit. In this paper，the linear cutting test of gage cutter is carried out for Beishan granite by using 11 inch round edge cutter preselected by small diameter blind shaft boring machine. The rock breaking process and vibration characteristics of gage cutter under different penetration depth and installation angle are analyzed. The test results show that under the same penetration depth，the average normal force of the 20° installation angle cutter is generally larger，the lateral force is smaller，but the average rolling force of the two cutters are closer. Under the same penetration depth，the average peak value of triaxial vibration acceleration of gage cutters with different installation angles is the largest in the lateral vibration acceleration，followed by the normal vibration acceleration and the tangential vibration acceleration. The larger the installation angle，the greater the difference in the triaxial vibration acceleration of the gage cutters，the greater the lateral vibration intensity，and the higher the frequency of the lateral high-amplitude vibration.With the increase of penetration depth，the triaxial vibration acceleration of the gage cutter increases，and the frequency of strong vibration in the rock breaking of the gage cutter increases. The influence of penetration depth on the lateral vibration acceleration of the gage cutter is more significant than that in the normal and tangential vibration accelerations. This study can also provide a reference for the optimal layout of the cutterhead of small-diameter blind shaft boring machine.