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High-quality field seismic data are fundamental to the refined processing of seismic signals and the accurate interpretation of geological information. A scientifically designed observation system is essential to ensure data quality and imaging effectiveness. In complex geological settings，traditional acquisition systems are prone to insufficient energy coverage and imaging shadow zones，which hinder the identification of reflection signals and the detailed delineation of target structures. To enhance seismic imaging performance under such conditions，this study conducts a systematic investigation into acquisition parameter optimization for observation systems in structurally complex areas，based on an illumination analysis approach using the one-way wave equation. Forward illumination analysis is first employed to optimize the layout of sources and receivers, thereby improving energy coverage over target horizons. Subsequently，reverse illumination analysis is used to refine shot point densification，receiver array length，and channel spacing，aiming to enhance energy acquisition and wavefield coverage. A two-dimensional geological model is constructed，and forward modeling is performed to quantitatively compare the illumination energy distribution before and after optimization，leading to the determination of acquisition parameters that meet imaging requirements. Results show that the optimized observation system effectively reduces imaging shadows in complex structural zones，improves profile continuity and reflection energy response，and exhibits strong adaptability and engineering feasibility. The proposed optimization workflow has been applied and validated in an actual survey area，demonstrating consistent improvements in imaging performance. This work confirmed the practical value of illumination-based analysis in the acquisition design for complex geological conditions and established a parameter configuration methodology suitable for fault-intensive zones and sand body development areas，which will provide a replicable design reference and technical path for future seismic exploration.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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