A combined discrete element method (DEM) and finite element method (FEM) is presented. A 2D program is developing for application to mesoscale simulation of heterogeneous and homogeneous material under shock loading, and the numerical simulations are testified. The results of simulation are in agreement with those of theory, which verifies that the combined method is viable.

The equation of compression isentropes derived from linear and quadratic Hugoniot curves has been obtained by employing the Hugoniot as the reference of Grüneisen EOS as well as from p=f(e, v) form EOS directly. The compression isentropes of aluminum and copper are calculated with both Grüneisen and Appy EOS. The calculated results show that the compression isentrope of aluminum under 200 GPa calculated with Appy EOS approaches to that with the linear Hugoniot, where the error is less than 1.5%. It is also compared with the ICE data of Shot Z864 at the Sandia Z machine. They agree very well under 200 GPa and derived from both the linear Hugoniot and the Appy EOS, for those where the error is less than 1%. The isentropes of aluminum derived directly from Appy EOS coincides almost with the experimental one.

MgSiO₃ perovskite and ferropericlase (Mg, Fe)O are generally considered as the most dominant components in the Earth's lower mantle. The experimental data of these phases at high pressures and high temperatures play a key role to constrain the composition of the Earth's lower mantle. However, high pressure experiments at lower mantle conditions, especially the shock wave experiments, are restricted since it is impossible to collect the high-phases of the samples in nature. We introduce the experimental methods to synthesize large bulk MgSiO₃ perovskite and ferropericlase (Mg, Fe)O using piston-cylinder and mutli-anvil apparatuses, and the synthesized samples were analyzed by micro electronic probe, Raman spectrum, and X-Ray diffraction. This makes it possible to do shock wave experiments with the large bulk MgSiO₃ perovskite and ferropericlase (Mg, Fe)O as starting materials.

The Level Set method in body-fitted coordinate for propagation of non-ideal detonation is studied. According to the Hamilton-Jacobi formulation of the Godunov's scheme, we studied finite difference method for the propagation equation of non-ideal detonation in non-orthogonal body-fitted coordinate systems and presented an algorithm. We have shown a few calculations and compared with analytical and other numerical results.

The PZT 95/5 ferroelectric ceramics with niobium doped was assembled into the shock-activated energy transducer. Based on the explosive-to-electric energy transfer theory, the large pulse of electrical current output was investigated under the action of shock wave in “normal mode”, and the electrical response of LRC load was discussed, especially for the small resistance (R) and small inductance (L) load. Several shock wave tests were conducted, and the PZT 95/5 ceramic stacks in parallel were devised to generate large pulses of electrical current. The maximum output current reaches above 5 kA, and the rising rate of the initial current is to 10~20 GA/s. The experimental results accord very well with the calculations.

Numerical simulations are conducted herein on the penetration of aluminum targets by ogival-nosed steel projectiles using the commercial FEM code ABUQUS. In the simulations, the response of the targets are represented by a forcing function, which is derived from spherical cavity expansion theory. This methodology eliminates the need for discretizing the targets as well as the need for a contact algorithm. It is shown that the numerical simulations are in good agreement with the available experimental data for the penetration of 6061-T6511 aluminum targets struck by VAR 4340 steel projectiles, reported in the literature. It is also shown that pitch and yaw or inclination angle has significant effects on the depth of penetration as well as projectile response.

The structure evolution and transport properties of La_2-xSm_xCuO₄ synthesized both at atmosphere pressure and high pressure have been studied. The crystal structure changed from T phase to the T′ phase. Following treatment in high pressure of 6 GPa in 850 ℃, a slight modification in the lattice constants was observed. The results also showed that oxygen pressure tended to stabilize the T structure. The pressure caused the sample density increasing. The high oxygen pressure treatment for the T structure resulted in a drastic decrease of the resistivity at low temperature, indicating a superconductivity with Sm concentration≤0.5.

Seeds of three rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars, Yuexiangzhan, Yuefengzhan and Ce 64, were soaked for 10 h, and then were treated by high hydrostatic pressure (78 MPa) for 12 h. The seedlings of high-pressure treatment and control were transplanted in the field after sowing of 30 d. Mutation type of characters and selection of excellent varieties were investigated. The results indicated that: (1) In M₁ generation, grain numbers per panicle of Yuexiangzhan, Yuefengzhan and Ce 64 treated by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) increased by 5.2%, 1.2% and 17.0%, respectively. Ce 64 delayed 10 d but Yuexiangzhan and Yuefengzhan advanced 5 d and 2 d in period of duration. (2) There were quality and quantity traits among the mutation traits by HHP. For instance, dominant mutation in leaf sheath made green leaf sheath become purple leaf sheath, while recessive mutation in the node length below panicle made node length of treatment longer than that of control. Mutation in plant height, awn length and grain numbers per panicle belonged to mutation of quantity traits. (3) Mutation frequency and the time from mutant to stable mutation lines varied among species. Mutation frequency of Ce 64 in M₁ generation was 8% while that of Yuefengzhan and Yuexiangzhan was 1‰ and 5‰, respectively. (4) Currently one hundred mutants were found in the field. Twenty-two mutants had no significant separations and seven of them displayed remarkable advantages in comprehensive traits than their control.

With AUTODYN-2D code, the formation, flight and penetration processes of sphericity explosively formed projectile (EFP) are simulated. The influence of curvature of liner impose on formation of EFP is studied, and the flight velocity field of EFP is revealed. By analyzing the v-t curve, the attenuation coefficient could be obtained, and then the penetration process of EFP to armor plate are simply analyzed.

High-speed camera and optical microscope were used to study the expanding fracture characteristic of the beryllium bronze (QBe2) cylinder shell under detonation loading. The experimental result show that the static mechanics characteristics and the dynamic fracture characteristic of the material depend on the material's microcosmic structure. When the microcosmic structure of the material has evident difference, the static mechanics characteristics and the dynamic fracture characteristic of the material will be evident changed. When the basic structure of the material have no evident difference while the number of the strengthen phase in the basic structure is changed, the static mechanics characteristics of the material can be evident different, but the dynamic fracture characteristic of the material will be not greatly changed. A reason for such a behavior might be that the strengthen phase which occurs to the difference of the static mechanics characteristics of the material tends to the identical under detonation loading.