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Outline
The coupling between smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) and finite element method (FEM) is an effective approach for the simulation of impact dynamics. An alternative algorithm for the treatment of contact problem between SPH particles and finite elements was employed. Background particles were assigned in the position of finite element nodes, and the contact forces on SPH particles and finite element nodes were calculated with the same approach as SPH particles to particle contact algorithm. The contact force was added to the momentum equation for SPH and dynamic equation for FEM respectively. Using the SPH-FEM contact algorithm, the axial impact between two bars and the perforation of a cylindrical steel projectile impacting a plate target were simulated, where the Johnson-Cook material model with damage effect and Grüneisen equation of state were employed. The computed results showed good agreement with the experimental data.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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