The structure of shock wave in single crystal copper has been studied by means of molecular dynamics (MD) method with a realistic embedded atom potential at initial condition of zero temperature. The simulation results indicate that the after-shock state will evolve to thermodynamic equilibrium state even initial state is zero temperature. By means of local analysis and calculation, time history of the distribution of pressure, particle velocity, strain and kinetic temperature after the shock front were obtained. The pressure, particle velocity, and strain increase and arrive at the stable condition within time period about 1 ps when shock pressure is about 262 GPa. The kinetic temperature always keeps maximum value in shock wave front and the nonzero temperature region broadens behind the shock wave as time passes by. After evolution of a critical time, the particle velocity in the after-shock region reaches a typical Maxwell distribution which means it reaches equilibrium state. The further analysis indicates that local equilibrium is an elemental course when the whole system evolves to thermodynamic equilibrium state.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |