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Outline
Using LS-DYNA3D to compute the problem of projectile penetrating into rock, concrete and soil targets, we analyze anti-penetration capability of these three materials. We choose HJC concrete constitutive model for target materials in numerical computations. Under the lower and intermediate impact velocities such as from 200 m/s to 900 m/s, rock is evidently more stronger than concrete for anti-penetration. The peak value of deceleration of the projectile penetration into rock is as twice as into concrete. And it is 6 times into concrete than soil. The energy of the projectile dissipated rapidly when the projectile has greater peak value of the deceleration and the steady penetration process is shorter. When the impact velocity is above 1.5 km/s, the effect of material strength on depth or diameter of the penetration becomes gradually decreased. For rock, concrete and soil targets, with gradual decrease of strength, density and compressibility, the depth or diameter of the penetration slowly increased. The maximum of penetration depth increases by 41%~62%, and that of penetration diameter increases by 16%~25%.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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