The synthesis of the room-temperature superconductor LaSc2H24 represents a significant milestone in the field of superconductivity research. A central goal of subsequent studies is to lower the stabilization pressure required for hydrogen-rich superconductors, thereby establishing both theoretical foundation and technical pathway toward achieving low-pressure room-temperature superconductivity. This paper reviews recent advances in the prediction and experimental synthesis of hydride materials, with a focus on a promising strategy for realizing high-temperature superconductivity at reduced pressures—namely, H2-molecular-typehydride. The superconducting mechanism dominated by molecular H2 units is redefined, offering a new perspective for understanding phonon-mediated superconductivity. In H2-molecular-type hydrides, a nearly free-electron gas behavior has been clearly observed. These delocalized electrons exhibit metallic bonding characteristics while retaining fragments of molecular hydrogen. This finding indicates that the essential condition for superconducting transition is the formation of a Fermi sea hosting Cooper pairs, rather than complete dissociation into atomic hydrogen. The generation mechanism of the free-electron gas in these materials can be effectively explained using a finite potential well model. The distinctive electronic properties of these compounds under high pressure, combined with enhanced electron-phonon coupling, establish a novel paradigm for designing low-pressure, high-temperature, and potentially room-temperature superconductors.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |