Latest ArticlesThe reversible solid oxide cell (RSOC) is an all-solid-state electrochemical energy conversion device that can achieve an efficient and clean reversible conversion of chemical energy and electrical energy. In anticipation, the RSOCs can be applied in the field of the intelligent electric grid for peak shaving, as well as the conversion and storage of large-scale renewable energy. As the key components of RSOCs, the electrode materials are expected to exhibit great performance and stability since the RSOC works in a reversible cycle both in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) modes. There is an impetration to improve the catalytic activity and the redox stability of electrode materials. This paper briefly introduced the working principles of RSOCs, discussed the recent progress of electrode materials for RSOCs and the application of symmetrical electrode materials and prospected the future development direction for RSOC.
The development of efficient, stable and inexpensive electrode materials is a key to the further commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). This should solve some problems of anode carbon deposition, sulfur toxicity and poor low-temperature performance of cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Recent studies indicate that some reducible transition metal element dopants could in situ exsolved from perovskite lattice in reducing atmosphere, and pinning on the surface to form a "nanometal/perovskite" composite structure. The material prepared by this method has some advantages of high performance, strong carbon deposition resistance, good stability, and good regeneration. This review represented recent work on the construction of nano-(in situ exsolved metal particles) micron-(perovskite oxide parent) heterostructure (collectively referred to as nano-and micron-isomerisms) perovskite oxide composite electrode with a nanofiber morphology from the perovskite parent selection, A/B site doping, defect manipulation, topological ion exchange, and phase transition trigger. The affecting factors on the SOFC performance and stability were also summarized. In addition, the advantages, disadvantages, and prospects of the nano-and micron-isomer materials were also discussed.
Proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cells (P-SOFCs/PCFCs) are all-solid-state, ecofriendly, and economic power generation devices for proton conduction in oxide lattices. This review represented the proton conduction mechanism, the typical electrolyte and electrode materials used in PCFCs, and the efficient construction of the internal proton conduction pathways based on the development of low-temperature working SOFCs. The principles of designing these materials were analyzed and some possible problems in this aspect were discussed. This review also indicated the future work on PCFCs to develop some novel electrolytes and electrode materials with an improved proton conductivity.
Liquid metal anode direct carbon solid oxide fuel cells have attracted recent attention due to the extremely high theoretical conversion efficiency. However, the corrosion of liquid metal electrodes to electrolytes is one of the key factors to degrade their performance and limit their life. This review represented the results on the chemical and electrochemical corrosion of liquid metal and oxides, i.e., mainly liquid antimony (Sb) and antimony oxide (Sb2O3), to the most frequently used ZrO2 and CeO2 based electrolytes in solid oxide fuel cells. The possible methods of reducing the degree of corrosion were discussed.
As a novel sintering technology, flash sintering has attracted extensive attention because of its unique characteristics rather than conventional sintering, such as lower temperature, lower power consumption, and much shorter holding time. The corresponding work focuses on the construction of experimental equipment, phenomenon of different ceramic materials, optimization and control of the parameters, etc. since 2010, leading to rapid development of flash sintering technology. The parameters and mechanisms were summarized, and the application of flash sintering in solid oxide fuel cells was introduced.
The performance of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) as a clean and efficient energy conversion device is often restricted due to the oxygen reduction reaction at cathode. As a potential cathode electrocatalyst, cobalt based double perovskite oxide, namely PrBaCo2O5+δ, has a high oxygen surface exchange coefficient and a great bulk diffusion coefficient. However, the physical and chemical properties (i.e., thermal expansion behavior) should be optimized to improve the electrochemical activity and durability as applying PrBaCo2O5+δ into SOFC. Therefore, recent work is devoted to modifying PrBaCo2O5+δ by element doping. This review summarized various element doping approaches, i.e., doping to the Pr site, Ba site, Co site, and O site. In addition, the doping effect on the PrBaCo2O5+δ properties (i.e., phase structure, oxygen nonstoichiometry δ, electronic conductivity, oxygen transport properties and electrochemical performances) was also discussed.
The anode of SOFC is easy to react with sulfur impurities in the cheap hydrocarbon and carbonaceous fuels, which lead to the loss of the SOFC electrochemical performance. This review introduces the electrode reaction mechanism of the SOFC and analysis the rule of the anode sulfur poisoning and activation on the basis of the literature in recent years, in addition, the physical and chemical mechanism of the sulfur poisoning are summarized and some new regeneration methods are also summarized.
Some techniques for fabricating the structural parts of the solid oxide fuel cells were reviewed. These techniques includes dry pressing and tape casting techniques for making planar supports; brush painting, screen printing, centrifugal casting, and spin coating for preparing films on planar supports; slip casting, extrusion, dip coating, hot injection moulding, gel casting, and phase inversion methods for fabricating tubular supports; brush painting, dip coating, suspension spraying, electrochemical vapor deposition, and thermal spraying technique for coating films on tubular supports as well. For each processing technique, the principle and specific process flow were introduced, and some problems regarding the processing parameters were discussed. Some applications of these techniques in preparing solid oxide fuel cells were given.
A SiOx/C composite with an embedded-structure was prepared by a dual sol-gel one-pot method and subsequent heat treatment. Based on the analysis by scanning electron microscopy, SiOx nanoparticles are fully embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. The results by electrochemical test indicate that as anode material for Li-ion battery, the optimized SiOx/C composite demonstrates a high specific capacity, an excellent cyclic performance and a rate capability. A reversible specific capacity of 710 mA·h/g is achieved without an obvious decline of the capacity for 100 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A/g, and a specific capacity is 380 mA·h/g at a current density of 1.6 A/g. The excellent electrochemical performance is attributed to the well-designed embedded-structure, which can effectively accommodate the volume variation of SiOx during charge/discharge process and therefore ensure the structural integrity and cyclic stability of SiOx/C electrode.
Silane additives have attracted recent attention as novel electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries due to their high thermal stability, low flammability, non-toxicity, high conductivity and high decomposition voltage. The role and mechanism of Si—O and Si—N structure in silane electrolyte additives were mainly reviewed. In addition, the further research trends and application prospects of silane additives were also prospected.
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