^1.Faculty of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China

^2.Department of Civil Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin D02 PN40, Ireland

^3.School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

^4.Beijing Construction Engineering Group, Advanced Construction Materials Limited Liability Company, Beijing 100015, China

^5.Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchy Fabrication, Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

^6.Center for Nanochemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China