ZHANG Haibo (1979-), male, Ph.D., Professor. E-mail: hbzhang@hust.edu.cn
The flexoelectric effect is a mechanical-electric coupling effect between strain gradient and electric polarization (i.e., positive flexoelectric effect) or electric field strength gradient and mechanical strain (i.e., converse flexoelectric effect). Unlike the piezoelectric effect, the flexoelectric effect, which is not limited by material symmetry and the Curie temperature, increases with decreasing the material size, thus attracting much attention and having a promising application. This review introduced the history of flexoelectric effect, measurement of flexoelectric coefficient, and mechanism to enhance flexoelectric effect. Recent studies on its application in the realm of sensors, actuators, mechanical memories, flexoelectric piezoelectric composites, energy harvesters, and electronic devices were highlighted. In addition, the further development of flexoelectric effect was also prospected.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |