The active-matrix light-emitting diodes (LEDs) array is a main development direction of the next-generation display technology, which requires high efficiency, wide color gamut, high contrast, high resolution, fast response, and cost-effectiveness. Perovskite CsPbX3 nanocrystals emerge as promising candidates, offering tunable emission wavelength, remarkable photoluminescence quantum yields, cost-competitiveness, and integration with diverse solution-based pixilation methods. Based on these unique properties from lead halide perovskite and nanomaterials, CsPbX₃ nanocrystals demonstrate a formidable potential for active-matrix LEDs. However, the integration of perovskite LEDs with active-matrix remains a challenge. The efficiencies of both red and green perovskite LED have exceeded 28%, approaching the theoretical limit of light out-coupling efficiency for planar LED. The existing efficiency of sky-blue perovskite LED reaches 20%, while the efficiency of pure-blue perovskite LED is still lagging. Thus, improving the efficiency of pure-blue perovskite LED becomes imperative to realize full-color display. In addition, the slow electroluminescence response time caused by ion migration in perovskite under an electric field is also a critical issue, which is a limiting factor for the development of high-refresh-rate active-matrix display using perovskite LEDs.

To enhance the device performance of red, green and blue quantum dot LEDs, it is crucial to control the surface structure at the nanoscale of metal halide quantum dots. Previous extensive studies carried out on the atomic composition of the surface, the types and coordination modes of surface ligands, ligand density and developed various surface reconstruction strategies and ligand application paradigms to improve the quality of metal halide quantum dot crystals and the integrity of the surface lattice. This review systematically demonstrates recent research achievements, summaries the principles and ligand functions of different reconstruction strategies, and represents single-color demo of quantum dot LEDs integrated with active-matrix, providing a reference for the further development of full-color active-matrix displays based on metal halide quantum dots.