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With the continuous improvement of aero-engine thrust-to-weight ratio and turbine inlet temperature, the performance limitations of conventional superalloys become increasingly prominent. SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) can be core candidate materials for hot-section components due to their excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and low density. As a key technology to realize the engineering application of CMCs, compatible abradable/environmental barrier coatings (A/EBCs) that can simultaneously achieve gas path sealing, high-temperature protection and abradable performance become a research focus in the field of advanced aero-engine sealing technology. This review represents the research progress of such coatings from three dimensions, i.e., material design, microstructural regulation, and performance evaluation, while analyzing key technical challenges and development trends. In terms of material system design, conventional yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) abradable coatings suffer from thermal expansion mismatch with SiCf/SiC CMCs, which are prone to failure, while conventional solid lubricants undergo oxidative degradation at > 1200 ℃. It is urgent to develop new matrix materials with a high thermal stability, a water vapor-oxygen corrosion resistance and a thermal expansion compatibility. Multi-layer structure is the main design to realize functional synergy, and the interface matching and thermal expansion adaptability between layers are a key to the service durability. The introduction of negative thermal expansion materials provides an idea to solve the mismatch problem. In addition, the construction of material system matching for multi-layer coatings and the compatibility analysis of interlayer interfaces/multiphase interfaces also become important aspects in the design of abradable/environmental barrier coating systems.
In the aspect of microstructural regulation, improving porosity is a main way to obtain excellent abradability, but there is a prominent contradiction among abradability, erosion resistance, corrosion resistance and thermal stability. Excessive or uneven porosity, as well as high-temperature sintering and closure, will lead to the performance degradation and early failure. The core challenge is to realize the precise regulation of multi-scale pore structure and the multi-performance synergy balance. In terms of performance evaluation, the existing test devices have high cost and poor universality, and it is difficult to simulate the real multi-field coupling service environment. The lack of perfect preparation and evaluation standards restricts the engineering and standardized development of CMC-compatible coatings. Finally, the development trends of A/EBCs are prospected, providing a reference for the research and development of high-temperature sealing technology and coating system for advanced aero-engines.
In summary, with the increasing service temperature of aero-engines, the abradable/environmental barrier coatings (A/EBCs) that match SiCf/SiC ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) become a key research direction. This review represents the research progress of A/EBCs in material design, microstructural regulation and performance evaluation, and points out that the current challenges mainly include thermal expansion mismatch between conventional coating materials and CMC substrate, poor high-temperature stability of lubricants, difficult balance between multi-scale pore structure and multi-performance, and lack of standardized evaluation systems and test standards suitable for multi-field coupling service environment. In the future, the research and development of A/EBCs should focus on the multi-objective synergistic design of material composition, multi-scale microstructure and performance evaluation system. It is necessary to strengthen the analysis of failure mechanism under multi-physical field coupling environment, develop new high-temperature stable matrix and lubricant materials, realize the precise regulation of multi-scale pore and interface structure, and establish a standardized preparation and performance evaluation system. Through the breakthrough of the above key technologies, the comprehensive performance and service durability of A/EBCs will be effectively improved, so as to promote the leapfrog development of high-temperature sealing technology and provide an important support for the performance improvement of next-generation aero-engines.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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