Full
WEN Xueyun (2002-), female, Doctoral candidate. E-mail: 2411377@tongji.edu.cn
Outline
Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting (VEH) technology, which converts ubiquitous ambient vibrations into electrical energy, provides a reliable solution for designing advanced self-powered sensors. It holds a significant application value in self-powered systems for the Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), and structural health monitoring. The efficiency of piezoelectric energy conversion depends heavily on the host structure's capability to capture vibrations. Acoustic topological insulators (ATIs) support highly localized and robust topological states, exhibiting superior and stable vibration-trapping characteristics. Consequently, the development of piezoelectric VEH technology based on ATIs has attracted recent attention. This review represents recent progress in the field, focusing on piezoelectric VEH technologies based on strong localization mechanisms (i.e., topological boundary states, higher-order topological corner states, and bound states in the continuum (BICs)). Furthermore, this review highlights representative work on multi-modal collaborative VEH strategies for broadband response and high-throughput VEH based on large-area topological states. Finally, some related challenges are briefly discussed, and potential future research directions are envisioned.
This review introduces recent progress on the field of VEH based on ATIs. It respectively introduces VEH implemented in airborne sound and elastic wave systems based on topological edge states. VEH is realized due to the field enhancement effects induced by zero-dimensional localized states such as higher-order topological corner states and BICs. The multi-modal collaborative energy harvesting mechanisms oriente toward broadband and multi-frequency responses, further extending to high-throughput VEH based on large-area topological interface states. These studies demonstrate that ATI-based systems exhibit remarkable design flexibility, while maintaining both high energy conversion efficiency and strong robustness. The topological rainbow trapping effect is excited and the bandwidth limitations of conventional devices are overcome via introducing strategies such as structural modulation and multimodal coupling. On this basis, large-area topological waveguide states are used to substantially enhance energy transmission throughput, ultimately achieving comprehensive performance optimization in terms of high efficiency, broad bandwidth, and large capacity. However, the existing research on ATI-based VEH still has several limitations. First, the existing studies mainly focus on the medium- and high-frequency range, whereas low-frequency (≤100 Hz) VEH remains largely at the stage of theoretical exploration. The vibrations in everyday environments are predominantly low-frequency, a further research on low-frequency energy harvesting is still needed. Second, the evaluation of energy conversion efficiency in this field still lacks a unified standard framework. The electrical output metrics reported in previous studies, such as maximum voltage, output power, or amplification factor, are constrained via differing experimental testing benchmarks and therefore cannot be directly compared, which remains one of the key challenges to be addressed in the future VEH research. Meanwhile, most of the existing devices are still at the proof-of-concept stage and remain some distance away from practical engineering implementation and industrial application. Although topological states provide a relatively robust platform for energy transport, the existing studies on the stability of energy harvesting systems are still largely limited to structural defects and geometric perturbations. Systematic investigations into the effects of real environmental factors (i.e., temperature, humidity, load variation, and long-term operating conditions) on the performance of topological structures are still lacking.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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