YUE Xian (1993-), male, Associate candidate. E-mail: lexian16@mails.ucas.ac.cn
Aerogels are known as the "magic material to change the world in twenty-first century". Because of its unique super porous structure, it has many excellent properties and wide application prospect in many fields. However, the mechanical brittleness and the cumbersome preparation process caused by the network structure of aerogels greatly hamper its widely application, which is a bottleneck problem in the aerogel field. The development status of aerogel materials is reviewed, and several structural strengthening strategies commonly used in aerogels are summarized. The classification and preparation of aerogels and the strategies for optimizing the structure and properties of aerogels are summarized. At the same time, the methods of optimization and enhancement in recent years such as biomimetic reinforcement, concentration induced hardening and microwave sintering are reviewed. Meanwhile, the prospect of aerogel is also forecasted.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |