To address the problem of the accuracy of the binocular vision measurement system, this paper proposes and develops an error analysis model for convergent and parallel binocular vision systems. It analyzes the relationship between key camera structural parameters,including baseline,focal length,lens mounting structure,calibration accuracy,and the depth of the measured object and the resulting measurement errors. The study explores the impact of these factors on measurement accuracy and presents a simulation analysis. By considering the constraints of the field of view,the simulation results show that the error model established by the above analysis can effectively estimate the measurement error of the binocular vision system,and provide a theoretical model for the subsequent measurement error correction,and the suggestions for designing suitable structures and parameters for the construction of the required binocular vision system.