In order to study the mechanism of pile-soil-structure dynamic interaction and analyze its influencing factors, the horizontal dynamic response laws of pile-soil-structure system under different superstructure mass, different input wave frequency and acceleration peak input are analyzed and discussed by using the method of shaking table test and numerical simulation analysis. The soil model of the test foundation is medium hard soil, and the shear speed is about 213 m/s. The pile group foundation is composed of five foundation piles with a length of 1.35 m and a diameter of 0.1 m arranged in cross shape. The superstructure model is simulated by mass block. The experimental results show that the bending moment and shear force of pile body are the largest at the pile-bearing joint, and decrease with increasing depth. With the increase of the superstructure mass, the acceleration reaction between soil and pile foundation increases significantly, and the bending moment and shear force of the pile body also show an increasing trend. With the increase of the input sine wave amplitude and frequency, the motion interaction becomes larger, and the bending moment and shear force in the pile body become larger. The change of superstructure quality has the greatest impact on the dynamic interaction of the pile-soil-structure system, followed by amplitude and frequency.