In the current context of increasingly constructed urban built environments, the disaster impacts of functional disruptions in urban buildings hit by earthquakes can quickly propagate and intensify through the social chain. To quantify the functional disruption of earthquake-damaged building complexes, this paper focuses on assessing the functional recovery time of urban building complexes after an earthquake and develops a comprehensive assessment framework. The framework employs a fuzzy hierarchical analysis to quantify the impact of key factors, such as building renovation class, regional economy, climate, and topography, on the recovery process. Additionally, the study divides the rehabilitation process of the urban complex into a preparation phase and a repair and reconstruction phase, and develops a systematic assessment model for each phase. In the preparation stage, the assessment model especially considered the impact of the earthquake emergency period and systematically sorted out the time required for five key recovery preparations under different intensities of effects according to the expected intensity of earthquake effects; the assessment model for the repair and reconstruction stage was constructed based on the damaged area of the earthquake-damaged houses as well as the time required for repairing or reconstructing per square meter. The model preliminarily estimates the reconstruction time per unit area of houses of different building structure types in China through in-depth analysis of the quota data, and takes into account the uncertainties in the construction process by using the Monte Carlo simulation method. And the repair time per unit area of a house is derived by reasonably discounting the reconstruction time based on its damage degree. The research results not only provide new perspectives for the theory of urban disaster management, but also provide good data support for the resilience building of the government and enterprises and the rapid development of recovery decisions after disasters.