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To address the significant discrepancy between damage degree and peak values when employing traditional acceleration indices for evaluating seismic damage in loess slopes under large earthquakes at far-field and small earthquakes at near-field scenarios, this study developed a novel evaluation system based on particle vibration velocity theory. Through shaking model tests and numerical simulations, the coupling mechanisms between acceleration and velocity responses during seismic damage evolution in loess slopes were systematically investigated, revealing intrinsic correlations between dynamic parameters and damage states. The results indicate the acceleration amplification effect of loess slopes is obvious. When the peak acceleration is taken as the evaluation index, the calculated intensity of loess slope top in the near field is greater than the actual intensity. A linear correlation was established between peak particle velocity and soil tensile strength. It is suggested that the peak velocity should be used as the evaluation index of failure intensity for loess slope with typical site amplification effect. An innovative five-level seismic intensity evaluation system was proposed in accordance with GB/T 17742—2020 specifications, defining velocity threshold intervals and characteristic failure patterns for each damage level, thereby establishing a quaternion correspondence criterion integrating damage degree, intensity, peak velocity, and seismic damage characteristics. This research provides theoretical foundations and quantitative criteria for seismic damage assessment of loess slopes.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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