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To introduce the quasi-isolation concept in the transverse earthquake-resisting system of small-to-medium-span girder bridges, first the basic connotation of the quasi-isolation concept was elaborated based on the typical seismic damage statistical characteristics, and the performance roles of the critical elements (i.e. bearing, retainer and pier) were defined in the bridge earthquake-resisting system. Then, nonlinear analytical models were established for the bearing-retainer-pier systems considering the parameters of pier height and retainer capacity. Finally, the fragility analysis method based on the Copula functions was applied to investigating the coupling characteristics of the damage states of bearing, retainer and pier under earthquake actions, and the reasonable design capacity of retainer was explored according to the system-level deterministic fragility curves to satisfy the requirements of the quasi-isolation concept. The results showed that significant coupling relationships exist among the bearing, retainer and pier under seismic actions. The capacity of retainer has a notable impact on the damage states of bearing and pier. When the retainer capacity increases from 0 to 30% of the superstructural dead load reaction force, the damage probability of bearing decreases continuously, and a maximum decrease of 27.2% can be achieved at the complete damage state, while the damage probability of pier increases steadily with the maximum increase of 61. 6% at the complete damage state. The damage sequence gradually changes from the retainer, bearing, pier to the pier, bearing and then the retainer. When the retainer capacity is designed as 15%~20% of the superstructural dead load reaction force, the bearing sliding isolation and the pier plastic energy dissipation can be fully mobilized, and the severe damage probability of the bearing-retainer-pier systems under the seismic actions is the lowest and reduced by 16.3% when compared to that of the case without retainers.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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