Amidst the ongoing development of rail transit and urbanization in China, station square planning with singlefunction can no longer meet the varied demands of urban construction. This study examined the construction history and related planning standards of station squares in Japan, conducted onsite research on station squares in multiple cities at different levels, analyzed the spatial planning and development methods for representative cases, and summarized the conclusions regarding Japanese station squares. The planning experience revealed the following recommendations: Pay attention to the spatial regulatory role of the station square in the integrated development of the station and city, and adjust the urban function of the square according to planning requirements. The construction of the square should be combined with the development characteristics of the surrounding areas of the station, focusing on the flexible layout and diversified use of the square. A cooperative organization should be established at each stage to focus on mutual communication and division of responsibilities among the various construction departments of the square, as well as the development of a continuous user participation mechanism and a complete square operation system, thereby hoping to provide reference and guidance for the sustainable development of China's rail transit and reasonable urban space planning.

Considering the drawbacks of inconsistent building information modeling (BIM) methods and nonstandard information in rail transit engineering, it is difficult to effectively and uniformly use BIM model data. Therefore, the Industry Foundation Classes (IFC)based BIM component standard library for rail transit engineering was studied. First, the component types, IFC expression of component information, and IFCbased extensibility mechanisms were studied according to the expression requirements of rail transit engineering components. Second, the technology framework of the BIM component standard library for rail transit engineering was proposed, including basic, technical, application, and user layers. Third, the classification and code method in the national standard was used to define the classification and code of these BIM components, and a component information template was proposed to define the component properties and their resource links. Finally, encryption and decryption methods for the BIM component model were applied to ensure the security of the BIM model data. The results showed that the proposed unified BIM component library enabled project participants to use standardized BIM component models to create a project model for rail transit engineering, ensuring the standardization of BIM models.

This study uses multisource big data (e.g., metro card transactions, mobile phone signaling, and points of interest (POIs)) and interpretable machine learning methods (integrating random forest and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) models) to investigate the nonlinear relationship between stationarea built environments and Chengdu Metro ridership as well as the synergistic effects among built environment variables. The results indicate that the three most important built environment determinants of metro ridership are the floor area ratio, employment density, and road density. Moreover, the SHAP model results reveal the threshold and synergistic effects of the stationarea built environment variables on metro ridership. These findings provide theoretical support and policy insights for transitoriented developmental (TOD) planning and practice.

Urban rapid transit emerges under the background of the development of the urban circle in China. This study uses the Jingxiong Express Line as an example to explore design standards for urban rapid transit stations that can be popularized. Such stations should have the advantages of both railway and urban rail as well as integrate with urban spatial patterns and urban comprehensive transportation systems. In this study, the characteristics and differences between traditional and urban rail stations are determined. Then, the study analyzes the functional positioning of each station of the Jingxiong Express Line, which is divided

Aiming at the optimization problem of lasttrain connection planning in urban rail transit networks, which often brings difficulties in successful transfers, this study selects the arrival times of the last trains as decision variables and constructs a mixedinteger linear programming model to minimize the number of failed passenger transfers. To address the high model complexity caused by the expansion of the network scale, a quantum computing method is adopted to solve the proposed model. First, the original model is reconstructed into a twostage problem with a smaller computation scale. Then, the firststage optimization model is transformed into a quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) model that can run on a quantum computer. Algorithm development and experimental testing are conducted based on the optical quantum computing technology of the coherent Ising machine. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we consider the Beijing subway network as an example. The quantum computing results are compared with those from commercial solvers, confirming the feasibility of both the model transformation method and the quantum computing approach proposed in this study. These findings provide technical support for the further application of quantum computing in solving complex optimization problems in rail transit.

In the rapid development phase of urban rail transit, issues such as inadequate emergency response and insufficient emergency handling in unexpected events are addressed. This study presents the design of a digital intelligencebased subway safety and emergency assurance system. The design architecture, application scenarios, functionalities, and key technologies of the system are elaborated. This system integrates diverse sources of data, including hydrological, meteorological, and sensor data, and utilizes emerging technologies, such as digital twins, GIS, and BIM. This system manages the entire emergency process of subway operations, including daily safety monitoring, emergency resource management, emergency plan administration, commands, and dispatch. Moreover, it focuses on enhancing capabilities for dealing with three major emergency scenarios: fires, flood prevention, and high passenger flow. This comprehensive development significantly enhances accident prevention, emergency response, and handling efficiency while elevating the levels of digitization and intelligence in the existing emergency management system.

Studying the distribution characteristics and mechanisms of urban rail transit accidents is important for ensuring operational safety and formulating safety control measures. This study statistically analyzes 425 local and international urban rail transit operation accidents from 1970 to 2022 and compares and analyzes the causes and time distribution characteristics of operation accidents. Based on the cause mechanism and principal component analysis method, a safety evaluation system for urban rail transit operations was constructed, and a combined weight evaluation method based on game theory was proposed. Taking the data of 274 operational accidents in China from 1990 to 2022 as an example, combined with expert scoring, the safety status of urban rail transit operations in China was analyzed from a macro perspective. The results indicated that the factors causing operational accidents included personnel, equipment, and environmental factors. Among them, domestic and foreign operational accidents caused by equipment accounted for the highest proportion of accidents, accounting for 56% and 65% respectively. January, March, July, August, and December were the months with frequent accidents, which were the same as the peak months of passenger flow. The combination weighting method not only considers the amount of information in objective statistical data but also combines the experience accumulation of subjective experts, which makes the evaluation results closer to the actual operation situation and proves the feasibility of the evaluation method.

To address the problems of “insufficient maintenance” and “excessive maintenance" in existing maintenance modes, a health status grading evaluation method for subway power supply equipment that considers the importance of indicators is proposed. First, the equipment health value was solved according to a combination of an analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy statistics. The importance of the index was considered, and the health status of the equipment was graded. Finally, a drytype transformer was considered for analysis. The results show that the obtained results can reasonably characterize the health status of the subway power supply equipment, which is consistent with the actual situation, and verify the accuracy and feasibility of the method.

The rail transit Passenger Information System (PIS) utilizes communication and multimedia technology and provides passengers with allround and multiscene information service systems based on a variety of display terminals. To address the drawbacks of the current rail transit Passenger Information System, such as overinvestment in hardware, low deployment and debugging efficiency, long broadcast control transmission link, and poor reliability, this paper proposes a cloud broadcast control technology architecture for the new generation Passenger Information System, which is "system into the cloud and broadcast control into the screen, " and describes in detail the technical advantages brought by the cloud playcontrol architecture through reforming the traditional audio and video transmission modes. The problem regarding picture synchronization on a multidisplay terminal was analyzed. The results show that the cloud playcontrol technology reduces the fault nodes by 50%, improves the deployment and debugging efficiency, achieves intensive construction, and can provide application support for various personalized scenarios f throughout the entire process of passenger travel from arrival to departure, which can provide reference for the subsequent construction of passenger information systems.

Given that the departure capacity of depots has gradually hindered the improvement of the operation level of the main line during morning peak hours, some cities have begun to explore the construction of ATC depots. However, existing calculation methods for vehicle sending and receiving capacity cannot be applied to ATC depots. The throat area capacity calculation method of ATC depots is investigated to compensate for the above shortcomings. First, under the ATC lightsoff mode, the minimum total train departure time is obtained by comparing the total train departure times under different train departure sequences. Second, the maximum throat area passing capacity of the ATC depot is calculated. Finally, using the Guangzhou Luogang depot as a case study, a validation study of the effectiveness of the calculation model of the throat area passing capacity under the ATC lightsoff mode is carried out. The results show that the passing capacities of the throat area under the ATC lightsoff, ATC lighting, train adjustment combination, and train approach modes are 28, 17, 13, and 11 trains/h, respectively; the ATC lightsoff mode has a greater capacity than the other three modes and can better meet the operational demand of the mainline during morning peak hours. The results of this study can serve as a reference for evaluating depot design schemes.