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To monitor rail health in realtime and provide early warning of rail fracture damage, this study proposes a broken rail detection method that combines ultrasonic guided wave detection and variational mode decomposition signal processing technologies. The system workflow and hardware circuits of each module were designed and constructed according to the requirements for rail fracture detection. A threedimensional rail model was created using finite element simulation software to analyze the propagation speed of ultrasonic guided waves within the rail and assess the feasibility of the noise reduction technique. The system's effectiveness was verified through equipment installation tests on Suzhou Metro Line 5, where artificially simulated rail fractures were used. The results demonstrated that, upon rail fracture, the system achieved a remote alarm time of 3 minutes and the defective positioning error is 1.1%, providing a reliable approach for rail fracture monitoring.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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