Liquid organic hydrogen carriers （LOHCs） hydrogen storage technology represents a highly promising hydrogen storage method. The dehydrogenation process of LOHCs is limited by chemical equilibrium and mass and heat transfer，thereby new technologies are required to promote further development. Microwave heating technology exhibits both thermal and non-thermal effects，offering a potential solution to the challenges encountered in dehydrogenation reactions. This technology demonstrates selective activation characteristics in catalytic systems，necessitating the development of highly efficient microwave-responsive catalysts to optimize energy utilization and enhance catalytic efficiency. This article first examines the unique advantages of microwave heating technology and optimization strategies for microwave energy absorption，systematically reviews the research progress of several new microwave responsive catalysts，and examines the advantages and challenges of various materials. The current progress and persistent challenges in applying microwave-responsive catalysts to LOHCs dehydrogenation are subsequently discussed. Secondly，the quantitative methods for the microwave absorption performance of catalysts are summarized，providing guidance for the design and optimization of catalyst structures in terms of absorption and energy distribution. Finally，the design direction of new efficient microwave responsive catalysts and the development direction of microwave responsive LOHCs dehydrogenation technology are discussed，providing theoretical basis for achieving low-temperature and efficient LOHCs dehydrogenation and promoting the development of liquid hydrogen storage technology.

Recent progress in the field of energy storage has led to growing interest in magnesium ion batteries （MIBs）. As an emerging energy storage technology， magnesium is abundant in resources， cost-effective， environmentally friendly， and less prone to dendrite formation during charging and discharging， making it a promising alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries with better safety. Sulfide-based positive electrode materials typically exhibit high theoretical specific capacitance and good conductivity， making their research crucial for enhancing the performance of magnesium ion batteries.VS4 has a special atomic chain structure， a unique structure， high capacity， and long cycle life， which has attracted much attention. This study syntheses VS₄ using the solvothermal method. A four-factor three-level orthogonal experiment is designed to investigate the effects of hydrothermal temperature， hydrothermal time， raw material ratio， and solvent ratio on the microstructure and size of the material. Nine groups of synthesized materials are made into electrode sheets， and magnesium foil is used as the negative electrode. A fully phenyl complex （APC） has been used as the electrolyte to assemble a magnesium ion battery for electrochemical performance testing. It is revealed that sample S3 exhibits the most compact particle size and superior electrochemical properties， reaching 369.1 mAh/g in the first discharge process. Even after 110 charge and discharge cycles， the specific capacity of the material can still be maintained at 80.1 mAh/g， showing good cycle stability. Experimental results have shown that different preparation conditions affect the microstructure and size of materials. Optimizing preparation conditions is beneficial for improving the electrochemical performance of magnesium ion batteries.

This study focuses on Mg-1.5In-0.2Ca-xZn alloys. As-cast alloys with different mass fractions of Zn （0.25%，0.5%，1.0%，1.5%，and 2.0%） are prepared by gravity casting. The influence of Zn mass fractions on the microstructure，corrosion resistance，and discharge performance of the alloys is investigated. Based on the alloy with the optimal Zn mass fraction screened out，the regulation mechanism of extrusion temperatures （375，400，425 ℃） on its performance is studied. The results show that when the Zn mass fraction is 0.5%，the as-cast alloy has the lowest area fraction of secondary phases and the strongest discharge activity. Its energy density reaches 1948.14 Wh·kg^-1 at current density of 10 mA·cm⁻². After extrusion at 400 ℃，the alloy undergoes complete dynamic recrystallization. The grain size is refined to 8.5 μm，forming a uniform microstructure. At current density of 10 mA·cm⁻²，its energy density increases to 2193.37 Wh·kg^-1 and the anodic efficiency reaches 69.46%.

The performance of the electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells is a key factor in achieving stable device efficiency and a primary consideration for flexible devices. In this study，the SnO₂ nanoparticle synthesis pathway is introduced for the low-temperature （40-90 ℃） synthesis of tin oxide nanocrystals using anhydrous SnCl₄ as the tin source，which is directly hydrolyzed with deionized water without the addition of an acid or alkali. The grain size of SnO₂ has a direct impact on its performance as an electron transport layer，and a smaller grain size can form a dense，flat，smooth，and thin film，which is favorable for the subsequent deposition of the perovskite layer and reduces the leakage current. The optimized SnO₂ exhibits excellent optical and electrical properties， and the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the device reaches 20.4% （effective area： 0.13 cm²）. The electron transport layer accelerates the extraction and transport of carriers，and its formation of a good interface with the perovskite film leads to significant improvements in terms of solar cell fill factor and short-circuit current.

Nanostructured electrodes，due to the fast reaction kinetics，enhanced mass transfer，and good electron conductivity，have been highlighted as a promising candidate for the electrocatalysis of hydrogen evolution. Herein，we demonstrate a one-step pyrolysis synthesis of Cu-doped RuO₂ nanorod arrays （RCO/NF） on nickel foam，demonstrating exceptional electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. The engineered electrode architecture combines three critical advantages： Cu doping-induced charge buffering stabilizes RuO₂ active sites；vertically aligned nanorods with superhydrophilic character （contact angle <18°），optimize mass transport while mitigating bubble shielding；and a CuO interlayer reinforces mechanical stability. Electrochemical evaluation in 1.0 mol·L^-1 KOH reveals outstanding activity，achieving an ultralow overpotential of 5 mV at 10 mA·cm^-2 and maintaining 42% lower overpotential than commercial Pt/C at industrial current densities （200-400 mA·cm^-2）. The developed synthesis strategy establishes a scalable approach for high-performance non-precious metal electrocatalysts，offering significant potential for green hydrogen production technologies.

The development of low-cost bi-functional electrocatalysts with efficient oxygen evolution reaction （OER） and oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） is crucial in energy conversion and storage technologies. In this study， biomass-derived porous carbon and ZIF-67 are combined as excellent bi-functional electrocatalysts through ball milling and high-temperature pyrolysis. The effect of different pyrolysis time on the catalytic performance is investigated. It is found that the formation of Co-N-C catalyst with pyrolysis time of 3 h produces more defects，and the specific surface area is as high as 1210.01 m²·g^-1. The rich microporous and mesoporous structure provides more channels for the transmission of electrolyte. In the ORR performance test，the half-wave potential can reach 0.81 V，second only to 0.85 V of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. The OER performance is 1.73 V at a current density of 10 mA·cm^-2，which is better than 1.79 V of the commercial IrO₂ catalyst. Further theoretical studies show that the defect-rich Co-N-C catalyst can effectively reduce the reaction barrier，and the synergistic effect of Co and N atoms promotes the ORR reaction.

Porous materials show great potential for hydrogen storage due to their unique pore structures，high specific surface areas，and abundant active sites. In this study，three kinds of porous materials with different typical structures were prepared，including carbon composite diatomite inorganic skeleton materials （HS-inorg-C-1，HS-inorg-C-2），metal-organic frameworks （HS-MOF-808，HS-UiO-66-1，HS-UiO-66-2），and highly cross-linked organic porous polymer materials containing secondary amine （—NH—）（HS-org-MATA，HS-org-CPP-PEI）. The hydrogen storage capacities and influencing factors of these materials are investigated. The results show that under 298 K and 2.0 MPa conditions，the three types of prepared hydrogen storage materials exhibited significantly different hydrogen storage mass fractions，ranging from 0.14% to 3.64%. The crosslinked HS-UiO-66-2，derived from HS-UiO-66-1 modification，demonstrates optimal hydrogen storage performance. At room temperature，the hydrogen storage quality of the HS-UiO-66-2 sample is 11 times higher than that of HS-UiO-66-1. HS-inorg-C-1 demonstrates excellent cycling stability，with a 10.96% capacity loss after five hydrogen adsorption-desorption cycles at 77 K and 2.0 MPa，and it shows good cycle stability and reversibility. The study works provide new design principles for developing high-performance physical hydrogen storage materials.

The nano Cu_1-x K _x Fe₂O₄ composite catalyst coatings are fabricated on the surface of a self-made absorbing and heating ceramic via the sol-gel method. The performance of this catalyst in directly catalyzing the decomposition of NO gas and the rules influencing its changes are studied under different conditions （microwave radiation power of 0-50 W，reaction temperature of 250-600 ℃，and oxygen concentration of 0%-6%）. The phase composition，microstructure，and catalytic activity of the catalyst are analyzed and characterized by XRD，SEM，H₂-TPR，and O₂-TPD testing methods. The results show that in the case of different K⁺ doping amounts，Cu_1-x K _x Fe₂O₄ catalysts all generate uniform nanocrystalline particles with a spinel structure. With the increase of K⁺，as well as the increase of reaction temperature and microwave power，the NO decomposition conversion efficiency of Cu_1-x K _x Fe₂O₄ catalysts shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The increase in oxygen concentration is beneficial for NO conversion. Cu_0.9K_0.1Fe₂O₄ catalyst reaches the highest NO conversion value of 92.8%，under the reaction temperature of 350 ℃， microwave power of 10 W，and oxygen concentration of 4%. The Cu_0.9K_0.1Fe₂O₄ catalyst doped with a certain amount of K⁺ can promote the formation and increase of oxygen vacancies，which is conducive to the catalytic reaction. Meanwhile，under microwave radiation，the oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surface and polar gas molecules NO can absorb microwave energy and be activated，thereby enhancing the NO decomposition efficiency.

Methyl formate （MF） is an important chemical intermediate. The development of efficient catalysts for the synthesis of MF from methanol is of great significance to C1 chemistry. In this study，three composite catalysts supported by nanogold on silica carriers are designed and synthesized， including Schiff base-modified mesoporous silica/nanogold （Au-L@SiO₂），microporous silica molecular sieve/nanogold （Au@S1），and amorphous silica/nanogold （Au ^δ+@SiO₂）. The experimental results show that the Au-L@SiO₂ catalyst achieves 100% selectivity for the conversion of methanol to methyl formate at low temperature of 80 ℃，and its conversion rate is significantly better than that of the unmodified mesoporous Au@SiO₂ catalyst，indicating that the unique chemical environment of nanogold in ligand-modified SiO₂ helps to improve its catalytic activity. Compared with the above-mentioned microporous Au@S1 and mesoporous Au-L@SiO₂ supported catalysts，amorphous Au ^δ+@SiO₂ exhibits the highest catalytic activity，with a methanol conversion rate of 85% and a MF selectivity of 100%. To explain the mechanism of the high catalytic activity of Au ^δ+@SiO₂，its local structure has been characterized by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy （XAFS）. The results show the presence of Au ^δ+ ionic in Au ^δ+@SiO₂，indicating that gold ions are the key factor in enhancing its catalytic activity. In summary，this study shows that organic ligand modification and the construction of gold ion-type nano-gold catalysts play a key role in catalytic methanol oxidation. This provides a new strategy for the development of green and highly active nanocatalysts，and is of great significance for the industrial application of catalytic methanol to MF.

Thermo-electrochemical cell represents a novel low-grade waste heat enrichment system. In this field， platinum is the primary material used as electrodes. However， the high cost of platinum significantly hinders the advancement and broader application of thermo-electrochemical cells. Consequently， there is an imperative need to develop alternative electrode materials that are both cost-effective and high-performing. Carbon-based materials that have low cost， high specific surface area， and excellent conductivity are considered promising candidates for this application. In this study， we report the successful synthesis of a series of defect-rich biocarbon using common cabbage leaves as a carbon resource， via the high-temperature carbonization and KOH activation processes. Then， the obtained biocarbon has been employed as electrode materials in thermo-electrochemical cells. Under optimized experimental conditions （calcination temperature： 700 ℃， and concentration of KOH： 6 mol/L）， the biocarbon KC-6 exhibits the best performance， yielding a short-circuit current of 1.13 mA when used as electrode materials， which exceeds the performance of platinum （1.06 mA） under the same conditions. Moreover， when the electrode area is expanded to 2 cm×2 cm， a short-circuit current of 1.47 mA is achieved at a temperature difference of 17.5 K， suggesting considerable potential for the application of this biocarbon in thermo-electrochemical cells.