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Outline
The performance of the electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells is a key factor in achieving stable device efficiency and a primary consideration for flexible devices. In this study，the SnO2 nanoparticle synthesis pathway is introduced for the low-temperature （40-90 ℃） synthesis of tin oxide nanocrystals using anhydrous SnCl4 as the tin source，which is directly hydrolyzed with deionized water without the addition of an acid or alkali. The grain size of SnO2 has a direct impact on its performance as an electron transport layer，and a smaller grain size can form a dense，flat，smooth，and thin film，which is favorable for the subsequent deposition of the perovskite layer and reduces the leakage current. The optimized SnO2 exhibits excellent optical and electrical properties， and the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the device reaches 20.4% （effective area： 0.13 cm²）. The electron transport layer accelerates the extraction and transport of carriers，and its formation of a good interface with the perovskite film leads to significant improvements in terms of solar cell fill factor and short-circuit current.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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