Objective The Dengying Formation in the Penglai area of central Sichuan has achieved a major breakthrough in petroleum exploration. The Fourth member of the Dengying Formation has experienced multiple stages of oil and gas charging owing to its large burial depth， old age， and complex diagenetic evolution. However， the relationship between reservoir pore evolution and oil and gas charging remains unclear. Methods Based on drilling coring data， the petrological types， reservoir space characteristics， diagenetic types， diagenetic evolution sequence， pore evolution， and hydrocarbon charging of the Fourth member of the Dengying Formation were studied through thin section observation， cathodoluminescence， in situ microelement analysis， and fluid inclusion. Results The reservoir rock types of the Fourth member of the Dengying Formation in the Penglai area are mainly crystalline， granular， and microbial dolomite. The types of reservoir space can be divided into three types： cave， pore， and fracture. The main diagenetic types are syngene-parsyngenetic dissolution， epigenetic dissolution， buried dissolution， cementation and filling， tectonic rupture， silicification， and compaction. Diagenesis in different stages jointly controls the evolution of reservoir pores in the four members of the Dengying Formation， among which the constructive diagenesis is dissolution and rupture in different periods， and the destructive diagenesis is compaction and pressure-dissolution and cementation and filling. Conclusions The filling sequence of cement in the solution holes of the Fourth member of the reservoir can be divided into： the first generation blade-like dolomite → the second generation powdery dolomite → the first stage bitumen → the third generation fine crystalline dolomite → the fourth generation medium crystalline dolomite → the fifth generation coarse crystalline dolomite → the sixth generation giant crystalline saddle-shaped dolomite → the second stage bitumen → the seventh generation quartz， fluorite and other minerals. Based on the information， such as type， phase state， and homogenization temperature， of fluid inclusions captured by cemented fill of each stage the oil-gas charging process of the Fourth member of the Dengying Formation in the Penglai area was reconstructed， as follows： Paleo-oil reservoir charging in the Middle and Late Silurian period （the first phase of fossil oil reservoir） → Late Caledonian paleo-oil reservoir destruction → Middle Triassic paleo-oil reservoir charging （the second phase of fossil oil reservoir） → Late Jurassic paleo-gas cracking in paleo-oil reservoir → the adjustment and formation of paleo-gas reservoir from the Late Cretaceous to present， in which the late oil cracking gas → gaseous hydrocarbon charging is the main forming period of the Fourth member gas reservoir of the Dengying Formation.