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Objective The formation of sedimentary systems within straits is intricately linked to the unique topographical constraints that influence both facies characteristics and sediment distribution patterns. Although current research mainly focuses on narrow straits （less than 50 km wide） ， where sedimentation is dominated by tidal processes， wider straits introduce more complex hydrodynamic dynamics， leaving many aspects of the sedimentation processes yet to be fully understood. Methods This study focuses on the Bohai Strait （a shallow strait with a width of 106 km） and is based on an extensive dataset of surface sediment grain sizes， combined with four shallow seismic profiles， to characterize the sedimentary environment within the Bohai Strait. Additionally， a regional ocean modeling system （ROMS） simulation was employed for winter （December 2020⁃February 2021） to better understand the hydrodynamic processes influencing sediment dynamics and control over sediment distribution within and surrounding the Bohai Strait. Results Our results reveal significant differences in sediment dynamics between the northern and southern parts of the strait. The northern region exhibits a high-energy environment dominated by erosion， whereas the southern region displays a lower-energy environment conducive to deposition. Surface sediment types vary spatially， with coarser grains predominating in the north and narrow regions， with finer grains observed on both sides （east⁃west） and in the south. A large-scale， sandy flood-tidal delta appears around the Laotieshan Channel in the north. The asymmetric tidal currents flowing in and out of the channel are likely responsible for this feature， and ebb-tidal delta is not prominent. In contrast， the southern part of the strait exhibits two distinct sedimentary systems：（1） Shandong mud wedge： This system lies along the coast of the Shandong Peninsula， shaped by the substantial sediment supply from the Yellow River and the influence of coastal currents. （2） Scour troughs and sandy tidal deltas： These smaller features are attributed to the protective effect of islands present in the southern strait， combined with the abundant supply of fine-grained sediments. Conclusions This study highlights the critical role of the complex topography of the strait in the confinement in shaping regional sediment transport dynamics and the resulting distribution of sedimentary systems.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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